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Uchunguzi waSababu na Athari zaKutofautiana kwa Idadi ya Fonimu na Viashiria vyake katikaKiswahili Sanifu
Get PDFUtafiti huu ulichunguza sababuna athari za kutofautianakwa idadi ya fonimu na viashiria vyake katika Kiswahili sanifu. Uchunguzihuu ulifanyika kutokana na kuwagunduawataalamu zaidi ya 35 waliotofautiana katika uwasilishaji wao wa idadi ya fonimu na viashiria vyake katikaKiswahili sanifu. Utafitiuna malengo mahsusi ya kubaini sababu, athari na mapendekezo ya tatizo la kuofautiana kwa wataalamu katika uwasilishaji wa idadi ya fonimu na viashiria vyake katika Kiswahili sanifu. Utafiti ulitumianadhariaya Lyons (1968) yaUmbo-Sauti Maumbo Kimatumizipamoja na kanuni ya Trubetzkoy (1939/1969) ya Nitoe Nikutoe katika JoziSahili. Data zilikusanywa kutoka maktabani na nyanjani. Sampuli ilikuwa na Wasailiwa115walioteuliwa kutoka vyuo vikuu vya SUZA, ZU, SU na MNMA. Data zilichambuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya majedwali, grafu na maelezo.Utaftiulibaini kwamba, kutofautiana kwa idadi ya fonimu na viashiria vyake katika Kiswahili sanifu kuna sababu14na athari 15. Utafiti ulibaini sababu kuu ni ile ya wataalamu kutoainisha kanuni inayowasilisha idadi ya fonimu na atharikuu ni ile ya kuibuamgogoro wa kuwachanganya na kuwababaisha wahadhiri, wanataalumana wasomi wa vyuoni kwa kutojua idadi gani ni sahihi kati ya 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45 na 58. Utafiti pia uligundua kuwa kutofautianakwa idadi ya fonimu na viashiria vyake, kumetokana na wataaalamu zaidi ya 35 kuwasilisha baadhi ya fonimu ambatano ambazo hazikubaliki kuwa ni fonimu baada ya kupimwa kwa kanuni ya kisayansi inayowasilisha idadi sahihi ya fonimu na viashiria vyake.Utafiti umethibitisha kwamba, kanuni ya Nitoe Nikutoe katika Jozi Sahili za maneno ni ya kisayansi na ni suluhisho la kuwasilisha idadiya fonimu za Kiswahili sanifu. Kanuni hii itaweza kuziba pengo la kutofautianakwa idadi ya fonimu na viashiria vyake katika Kiswahili sanifu. Kwa kuondosha tatizo la kutofautiana, Utafitiulipendekeza wataalamu wa fonolojia ya Kiswahili sanifu wakiongozwa na Kamisheni ya Kiswahili ya Afrika Mashariki, wakae pamoja na kukubaliana kuhusu idadi moja ya fonimu na viashiria vyake kulingana na nadharia na kanuni muwafaka. Mabaraza ya Kiswahili yamesisitizwa yasimamiekwa makini sera ya Kiswahili na kuupitia upya usanifishaji wa Kiswahili ili kuweka makubaliano ya pamoja na kuepukana na tatizo la kutofautianakwa idadi ya fonimu na viashiria vyake katikaKiswahili sanifu
The Impact of Advertising on Organizational Performance
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of advertising on organizational performance. The present study was guided by three specific objectives, namely to determine the effect of pioneering advertising on Tanzania Posts Corporation performance; to assess the effect of competitive advertising on Tanzania Posts Corporation performance; and last to examine the effect of reminder advertising on Tanzania Posts Corporation performance. The study employed a quantitative case study design to collect data from the recruited respondents working for Tanzania Posts Corporation within the United Republic of Tanzania. The researcher used structured questionnaires to collect the primary data from the participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the nexus between the independent variables (pioneer advertising, competitive advertising and reminder advertising) and dependent variable (sales performance). The study results found a positive and direct effect of pioneer advertising, competitive advertising and reminder advertising on and sales performance at Tanzania Posts Corporation. Thus, since the present results provided the evidence that all three constructs pioneer, competitive and reminder advertising) are key predictors of sales performance, the study highly recommends the TPC to extensively and consistently invest in advertising to increase sales volume in their organization.
Keywords: Effect of advertising, organizational performance, Tanzania Posts Corporatio
Effect of Tax Audit on Tax Compliance: A Case of Dodoma City.
Get PDFThis study was undertaken to investigate the effect of tax audit framed from the perspective of tax compliance. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tax audit on tax compliance in Dodoma City. The specific objectives of the study include: to determine the perception of taxpayers to tax audit on tax compliance; to determine the ability of tax authority to conduct tax audit on tax compliance and to determine the initiatives by tax authority on tax compliance. There are still taxpayers who are not compliant with the taxation system, even though they have been audited before. The study used twenty-three (23) respondents, consisting of fourteen (14) taxpayers’ representatives, eight (8) tax audit officers and one tax audit manager. There are various methods that were used in data collection, these methods include; interviews and questionnaire survey. Based on the findings of the study, tax audit has strong effect on tax compliance; however, there is still a significant gap on the tax audit awareness, the way it is done and the tax education to achieve tax compliance.
Keywords: Tax, Tax Audit, Auditing, Tax Compliance
Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on Wildlife Conservation at Ikorongo Grumeti Game Reserves in Mara Region Tanzania.
Get PDFBeside all the efforts undertaken by the government and other parties, conservation of wildlife still seems considerably hampered by anthropogenic activities undertaken by communities living adjacent to conservation areas, particularly in Ikorongo Grumeti game reserves. This study assessed the impact of anthropogenic activities on wildlife conservations in Ikorongo Grumeti Game Reserve in Mara Region. Specifically, the study to identify the existing anthropogenic activities affected wildlife conservation, examine the anthropogenic activities improving the livelihood of communities and determined the measures to address anthropogenic activities for the sustainable conservation of Ikorongo Grumeti Game Reserves. The study employed case study design where a total of 196 respondents consisting of the community at large: environmental activists, wildlife officers and game reserves, government officials were executed in five villages. In-depth interview, questionnaires and Focus Group discussion were applied to gather information. Data from secondary sources were obtained by consulting relevant documents both published and unpublished. The study found out that, there are depressing impacts to both wildlife and humans due to expansions of human activities contrary to wildlife stability as revealed in this study. There were different kinds of impacts indirectly and directly on wildlife induced by human settlements such as wildlife over-exploitation, loss of wildlife habitat, conflicts arising due to competing land uses with wildlife, pollution, and physical developments on migratory corridor of wildlife. The study concluded that human activities are considerably affecting wildlife conservations. Majority of respondents argued that there is increased shortage of grazing areas for wildlife due to increase in livestock grazing in wildlife natural habitats. The study recommends for enhancing conservation education awareness campaign amongst communities, since most of wildlife challenges emanate from humans, hence there should be proper plans for land use in villages surrounding the reserve
Assessment on the Contribution of Medically- Assisted Treatment (MAT) in Supporting Drug Addicted Individuals: A Case of Tumbi Clinic.
Get PDFThe study was conducted at Tumbi Regional Referral Hospital, Kibaha Town Council, Pwani Region. The study aimed to assess the contribution of medically assisted treatment (MAT) in supporting drug-addicted individuals. The study focused on three main objectives: first, to determine the impact of Medically Assisted Treatment (MAT) in supporting individuals with drug addiction; second, to examine the challenges faced by MAT in supporting individuals with drug addiction; and Third, to assess the societal support available for individuals recovering from drug addiction. Guided by the System Theory, the study adopted an interpretivism philosophy and a case study design. A qualitative approach was employed, and data were collected through interviews, reaching saturation after interviewing 36 participants. The selection of the sample was done using purposive sampling techniques which is among non-probability method of selecting sample. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data. The study found three significant contributions of the MAT program in supporting drug-addicted individuals, including Health benefits and recovery, Improved family and social relationships, and Behavioral modification. Also, the study reveals moral and material support as a societal support mechanism to assist recovery. Lastly, the study revealed four significant barriers to MAT services: MAT regulations, social stigma, transport challenges, and financial difficulties. Therefore, MAT services are highly effective for supporting drug addiction due to significant general health development and mental health improvement among drug users. In that regard, the study recommends that stakeholders, hospital authorities, and the Ministry of Health Large should take charge in addressing the mentioned challenges since the benefits of this service are realistic not only to a single individual but to families, communities, society, and nation, as a whole
The Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurial Success in Tanzania: A Case of Kinondoni Municipal in Dar es salaam.
Get PDFThis study examined the factors influencing women entrepreneurial success in Kinondoni Municipal.Objectives were to examine the extent to which socio-economic factors affect women entrepreneurial successes in Tanzania, to examine the extent to which motivational factors affect women entrepreneurial success in Tanzania, to find out the challenges limiting women entrepreneurial success and to explore strategies for achieving successful entrepreneurship for women in Tanzania. The study employed descriptive design. Primary data were collected employing questionnaire.Self-administered questionnaire with both closed five point likert scale questions were used. A sample of 64 respondents was used. Findings showed socio-economic factors such as access to finance and supportive training have influenced women entrepreneurial successes.Numerical data was analyzed by computing frequency and percentages. Other factors were motivational factors such as urge to be own boss and innovativeness, personal factors such as hardworking. Finding also indicated challenges faced by women, such as inaccessibility to finances, inaccessibility to training, bureaucracy and corruption in licensing procedures and multiple taxes. It was recommended that women need financial supports from financial institutions. Also government and policy makers should find a way to train women entrepreneurs in different aspects.
Key words: SMEs,women entrepreneurs.Tanzani
Assessment of the Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in Telecommunication Sector: A Case of TTCL.
Get PDFThe study sought to assess the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in telecommunication sector provision services. Specific objectives were: to assess the influence of tangibility of delivered services in satisfaction to customers, to assess the influence of reliability of delivered services in satisfaction to customers, to assess the effect of responsiveness of service providers in satisfaction to customers, to assess the influence of assurance of the delivered services in satisfaction to customers and to assess the influence of empathy of service providers in satisfaction to customers of TTCL.The study used a descriptive research design. The study used a questionnaire to collect data and 90 respondents from the best users of TTCL services were targeted. The study found that there is a significant positive relationship between reliability of delivered services, responsiveness of service providers, assurance of the delivered services and empathy of service providers towards and Customer satisfaction. The study recommended that TTCL management need to timely provide prompt services to their customers, willingness to help customers and readiness to respond to customers’ requests, set operating hours convenient to all the customers and having employees who give customer services with respect to tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, Managers should ensure that they perform the services that they promise dependably and accurately and be willing to help customers and provide them with prompt services and TTCL Employee should provide more caring individualized attention to their customers along with ensure that they offer a wide variety of services.
Keywords:Servicequality,customersatisfaction,tangibles,Empath
Improved Livelihood of Jalimaisha Youth Group Through Car Wash Project at Kibondo Ward in kibondo District.
Get PDFThis study aimed at ‘improved livelihood of Jalimaisha youth group’ through carwash project for unemployed youth in Kibondo ward for the purpose of increasing income for themselves.CNA participatory methods including focus group discussion, interviews, observation and documentary review were used to collect data related to the needs of the target community and the potential employment creation opportunities. Implementation was conducted following the assessment which indicated what initiatives to undertake to achieve the intended goals. The researcher identified three appropriate strategies namely, the establishment of carwash project, capacity building for carwash group members on micro-enterprise development and to empower project members on management and supervision skills. Findings revealed existence of several needs including lack of; capital,entrepreneurship skills, empowerment programs,market & market information, capacity for establishment of cooperative society and income poverty.Through pair-wise model,income poverty was identified as the most pressing needof the community. Hence, several interventions were proposed including establishment of vegetable gardens, salon and carwash project, whereby through pairwise ranking it was decided that establishment of car wash project would be the most feasible intervention to meet the identified need. In the course of project implementation 12 youth were trained and established an economic group named Jalimaisha youth group. Adequate progress of the key aspects including income, has been realized as the clients keep increasing on the product of the project initiated. Project monitoring and evaluation activities involved all key stakeholders including local government authorities and NGOs
Role of Digital Tax Filing System on Tax System Engagement and Taxpayers’ Compliance Burden in Tanzania.
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the role of digital tax filing system on system engagement and tax compliance burden in Tanzania through adapting Delone and Mclean Information System (IS) Success Model. Digital filing of income tax return was introduced in 2020, no statistical evidence on whether the system relieve taxpayers from tax compliance burden. Data were collected using the survey strategy from 410 entities that filed returns through the digital tax filing system since 2020. Stratified random sampling techniques were applied to obtain representative samples that were tested and analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling. The results indicated that trust is a significant predictor of tax system engagement, meanwhile tax system engagement significantly contributes towards reduction of the tax compliance burden and the effect size is high. The results of the moderation analysis suggested that tax education significantly strengthen the relationship between tax system engagement and tax compliance burden. Thus, trust, system engagement and the moderator tax education are key contributors to reduction of tax compliance burden for less experienced taxpayers. The study makes important theoretical contribution by introducing new variables (trust and tax education) to the model and confirming the Delone and Mclean IS model for assessing success of digital system. Empirically, the study extended the model to entities and compulsory environment, practically confirming the role of trust, system engagement and tax education to tax agencies. This study recommends future research on the same after full development of Integrated Domestic Revenue Administrative System, and theory integration.
Keywords: Digital Tax Filing System, Tax compliance Burden, Taxpayers, Tax education, Trust
Perceived Effectiveness of School Committee on Pupils’ Academic Performance in Public Primary Schools in Morogoro Municipality.
No full textThe study examined the effectiveness of school committees on pupils‘ academic performance in public primary schools in Morogoro Municipality. The study adopted a quantitative approach, and a cross-sectional design to collect the information at one specific point in time. The target population was 675 respondents; 168 respondents were the study's sample size. The sampling techniques used, were purposive, stratified and simple random sampling. The questionnaire, checklist and documentary review were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings revealed that the decision-making process from school committees does not affect pupils' academic performance because school committees participate to ensure pupils' success in their education activities. Different members of the school committees do not volunteer and do not influence the community to volunteer in school activities. Enhancing student achievement includes involving teachers in the school committee to suggest improvements for the school's educational progress. Moreover, the findings indicate that the school committee is engaged in decision-making to promote good behavior among students; this demonstrates that the committee is responsible for all decisions related to student discipline. The study concluded that the composition is suitable for including people like education stakeholders. If possible, pupils should enter the composition to contribute to topics related academics and school. The study recommends that to improve the pupils‘ academic performance in primary school, it is required to strengthen school committee training and involvement in implementing their set roles and accountability.
Keywords: School Committees, Pupils’, Academic Performance, Primary Schools