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Analysis on Consumer Rights Protection in Rwanda with Reference to South Africa.
Get PDFThis thesis contends that Rwandan institutional and legal framework concerning consumer protection is inadequately established to provide protection of consumers efficiently and to redress consumer exploitation issues that are manifested in various aspects of life owing to loopholes identified in the legal framework. Special emphasis is on the Rwandan constitution that never recognizes the right of consumers, yet the very constitution recognizes the rights of trade unions. Concerning the South African government, consumer rights protection is quite advanced unlike the one for Rwanda, due to the fact that in addition to their institutional structure, consumer rights protection is mentioned in their supreme law which is the constitution. Due to lack of an operative policy that protects the rights of consumers, contracts of consumers are usually obtainable on a basis of take it or leave it in Rwanda. In this context, consumers have no accurate negotiating chance, to the level of accepting a contract drafted in a foreign language not understandable to both contracting partners which is a serious concern that should be addressed. After both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, it was revealed that Rwandan law with special emphasis on laws that regulate financial institutions do not prohibit financial institutions that operate on Rwandan territory from drafting contracts that are not evidently comprehensible to clients hereinafter referred to as consumers of their products. Quantitative results indicate that 71% of contracts and other template forms in financial institutions are drafted in English language due to the fact that it is an official language among others authorized in Rwanda. Nonetheless they ignore the reality that a huge number of consumers to whom their operation depends do not fully or at all comprehend the language. This study provided observations and Recommendations which include incorporation of provisions on consumer rights protection in the constitution of the Republic of Rwanda
Effect of Financial Markets on Profitability of Commercial Bank Case Study of People Bank of Zanzibar Year 2005 to 2020.
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to examine the Effects of liquidity, Management efficiency and Capital adequacy on profitability of commercial bank of bank on Tanzania, with a case study of PBZ. The focus involved the analysis of PBZ bank operating in Tanzania for a period of 15 years, from 2005 to 2020. The study employed, Capital adequacy, Management efficiency, and Liquidity as independent variable as dependent value banks profitability in the context of framework. The study employed Liquidity preference theory and adopted a multiple regression model in analysing the data to determine factors of financial markets on profitability on commercial banks in Tanzania. The study employed descriptive research design as panel data, from PBZ Bank annual financial reports were reviewed for completeness and consistency for proper statistical analysis. The results reveal that there is a positive relationship between liquidity and commercial banks profitability while, management efficiency are significantly negative related to the commercial banks profitability While capital adequacy is negative with insignificant relation to the commercial banks profitability. The study concluded that there is high influence of liquidity on profitability of Tanzania Commercial Banks PBZ being the case as shown on the regression model results. Furthermore, this study recommends that Tanzania Commercial banks should invest in liquidity risk management that ensures the possible profitability realization.
Keywords: Liquidity, Commercial Banks, Capital, Management efficiency, Profitability
Assessment of Community Health Workers Performance in Tracking Back HIV Patients to treatment in Katavi Region, Tanzania.
No full textCommunity Health Workers are well known for their contribution in tracking back HIV patients to treatment. Despite their effort, the extent to which they contribute in tracking back HIV patients to treatment in a low to medium HIV prevalence region such as Katavi (3.8%) is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of CHWs in tracking back HIV patient to treatment and examining whether individual and institutional factors associated with their performance are applicable in Katavi region. Methods: Cross-sectional design was used where by questionnaires were administered to both 138 sampled CHWs and 5 key informants (CHW coordinators) to gather required information. The dependent variable was CHWs performance while independent variables were individuals and institutional factors associated with CHWs performance. Logistic regression was used to examine the applicability of factors associated with CHWs performance. Results: The performance level of CHWs was good (77.7%). Individual factors found to be significant applicable were age and education level. education level was more significant (OR 6.25, 95% CI 1.17 - 33.37, p=0.032 for certificate; OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 - 0.72, p=0.010 for secondary level) as compared to age (OR 5.09, 95% CI 1.32 - 19.50, p=0.006 for age 26-35 years; OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.00 - 0.68, p=0.036 for above 45 years). Organizational factors found to be significant applicable were working gears (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13 - 0.78, p=0.013) and allowance (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.02 - 14.52, p=0.045 for 80,000 and OR 4.70, 95% CI 1.66 - 13.31, p=0.003 for 100,000). Conclusion: CHWs performance was good (77.7%) but for the sake of eradicating new HIV infection, factors affecting their performance should not be left unchecked.
Keywords: Community Health Workers, Tracking back HIV patients, HIV prevalenc
Influence of Motivation on Worker’ Performance Among Health Workers at Uyui District, Tanzania.
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the impacts motivation to workers affects work performance among health workers at Uyui District. It specifically aimed to determine the effects of working environment, to examine effects of promotions practices and the effects of recognition practices on employees’ performance of health workers, using Herzberg’s Theory of motivation. It also employed a positivist philosophy, quantitative research approach and descriptive research design, whereby targeted population was 159and the sample size was 114 obtained through simple random sampling technique. Data was collected from primary source only using Questionnaires and were analyzed by using SPSS, V.26, through which the researcher performed descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings shows that Working Environment scored had a correlation of 0.778, which was significant at 0.000 meaning that Working Environment has positive correlation on the employee performance. Also, Promotion Practices (PP), had a correlation of 0.788, which was significant at 0.000) meaning that there is a positive correlation between promotion practices and employee performance and lastly Recognition Practices (RR) was correlated at 0.777, and significant at 0.000) meaning that there was positive correlation to the employee performance. Basing on the findings it can be established that motivation has a positive and significant correlation on the performance of employees in health sector. Also, the administration of Uyui District Council should ensure offering bonuses and performance-based incentives to reward and motivate employees in health sector and this will ensure employee loyalty to their job positions
Contribution of Financial Records to the Success of Project Management in Non-Governmental Organizations in Tanzania: A Case of Ilemela District.
No full textThis study investigates the role of financial records in enhancing project management success within non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operating in Tanzania, focusing on the Ilemela district. Specifically, it examines the influence of regulatory compliance, monitoring and evaluation, and stakeholder communication through financial records on project management success. Employing a descriptive research design, data was primarily collected through questionnaires and secondary sources. The validity and reliability of the instruments were established. Results indicate a positive relationship between regulatory compliance, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder communication through financial records, and project management success, explaining approximately 58.9% of its variability. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) supports the statistical significance of the regression model. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to project management in Ilemela district. NGOs are encouraged to ensure strict adherence to regulatory standards in financial reporting, establish robust monitoring and evaluation systems informed by financial data, and prioritize effective communication strategies with stakeholders to optimize project outcomes.
Keywords: Financial Records, Project Management, Non-Governmental Organizations, Project Managemen
Effects of Internal Control on Financial Performance of Saccos
Get PDFThe study sought to examine the effects of internal controlsonthefinancialperformanceofSaccosinSelected Saccos in Dar essalaam Tanzania.Thisstudyevaluatedthe effect of the control on the financial performance of Saccos in Dar essalaam. The objectives ofthe study were to establish the effect of communication, the effect of risk assessment,the effect of control functions, and the effect of monitoringon the performance of Saccos in Dar essalaam. The theories underpinning the study were agency theory, attribution theory and contingency theory. Questionnaires with open and closed-ended questions were administered tocollectprimarydataamongcreditmanagers,financemanagersandanauditorin24in Dar essalaam. The research philosophyof the study was positivism. Thestudyadopted a cross-sectional mixed design method. The study targeted a sample size n=96 respondents. The data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively .The output was presented descriptively by use of mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics such as correlation coefficient β, coefficients of determination R and P-values were used from a multiple regression equation.ANOVA was utilized to verifythe goodness of fit of the model. The results indicated that all the four independentvariables; communication,riskassessment,controlfunctions andmonitoring had a significant relationship with the dependent variable. Further, the results revealed that only communication and risk assessment had a significant relationship with the financial performance of Saccos. The study concluded that all the fourindependent variables needed to be emphasized since they influenced the financial performance of Saccos.The study recommended that Saccos should adopt internal control systems that best fit their kind of operations.
Key words:Saccos, Internal control, Saccos performance, Tanzani
Factors Influencing thePerformance of Port / Rail Interface
Get PDFThisstudyexamines the factorsinfluencingtheperformanceofport/railinterface. Specifically, the study sought to assess the volume of cargo traffichandled by port/rail interface, identifying the factors affecting the performance ofport/rail interface and also examining the efficiency of port/rail interface. The studyadopted descriptive research design. Data werecollected using interview, questionnaire and documentary review. Randomand PurposiveSamplingtechniques wereused.Asampleof108respondentswasused.Quantitative datawereanalyzedusingStatistical Package for Social Scientist software while qualitative data were analyzedusing the content analysis. The reliability of data weretested usingCronbach’s test. Findings revealed that currently the condition of thecargo handling in the port is good and the main means of the transportation used totransport the cargo is road compared to other means as railway and air the findingalso reveal that the currently port and railways interface is worse and unsatisfactory/themainreasonsforthepoorperformanceoftheportwerefoundtobePooremphasis in intermodal transport , Inefficiency of rail infrastructure,Economicpolicy,Financialresourcesandlowtechnologyare usedtohandlecargo.Itisrecommended that there is need to improve total transportation system to improvesupply chain, total transportation system to improve supply chain, investing in hightechnology in the portand alsoevenrevising the existing lawsand regulationsguidingports and railwaysauthorities.
Key words: Port/Rail interface, port performance, Tanzani
Effectiveness Fee Free Primary Education Funding on Availability of Teaching and Learning Materials
Get PDFThis study was conducted in Kalambo District to explore the effectiveness of fee free primary education funding in provision of teaching and learning materials. The study
involved qualitative approach in data collection which was gathered from both, primary and secondary sources whereby 33 respondents were involved. The primary data were collected through interview, observation and focus group discussion while secondary data were collected through documentary review. The data collected were analyzed thematically. The study found that, the government funds is not enough to meet the needs of effective teaching and learning process. The study findings also revealed that, insufficient government funding in the provision of teaching and learning materials leads to shortage of physical resources. The study further reveals current funding affects the teacher-pupils’ ratio. The study recommends the government authorities to educate the parents on the importance of their contributions in construction, maintenance and purchasing of teaching resources. The study also recommends the government to have proper statistical analysis when funding the fee free primary education. Finally, the study recommends the
government to supervise the implementation and expenditures of the funded fee free primary education.
Keywords: Fee free education, Teaching and Learning Materials, Primary Educatio
Breast Cancer Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks For MRI Image In Tanzania
Get PDFBreast cancer is a significant global health issue, and early detection is crucial for improving outcomes. However, Tanzania faces challenges in addressing breast cancer, including a lack of locally developed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. This study aims to address this gap by using CNNs with MRI images from Muhimbili National Hospital to identify breast cancer cases.The research employed an experimental study design using a dataset of 30 MRI images, with 8 malignant and 22 benign cases. To overcome data scarcity and overfitting risks, data augmentation techniques were applied, resulting in an expanded dataset of 1419 images. This augmented dataset provided a stronger foundation for training the CNN model tailored to Tanzania's context.The CNN model, developed in Python, consisted of multiple layers designed for accurate breast cancer identification. These layers included Conv2D and MaxPooling2D layers for feature capture, Dense layers for classification, and Dropout layers to prevent overfitting. The model achieved an accuracy of 96.4% and an F1 score of 96%, demonstrating its efficacy in identifying breast cancer
cases.Despite the initial dataset's limitations, the research showcases the potential of CNNs and data
augmentation techniques for improving breast cancer detection. Further research with larger datasets and diverse populations would be valuable for assessing the model's generalizability. Overall, this study contributes to the field of breast cancer detection by offering an efficient
approach for early identification using CNNs for MRI images. Further research and validation using larger datasets and diverse populations would be valuable to assess the generalizability and scalability of the proposed model