4473 research outputs found
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Effectiveness of Correctional Rehabilitation Program on Inmate Behavior Change at Ubena Prison in the Coastal Region of Tanzania.
No full textThis research evaluated the effectiveness of correctional rehabilitation programs on inmates behavior change at Ubena Prison in the coastal region of Tanzania. This study was guided by the following objectives: To assess the influence of vocational training program on inmate behavior change at Ubena prison. To evaluate the influence of religious program on inmate behavior change at Ubena prison. To examine the influence of recreational program on inmate behavior change at Ubena prison. A descriptive survey design was employed to discover the new meaning, describing what exist and determining the frequency with which something occurs. Data were gathered from 51 participants through structured questionnaires, which employed a four-point Likert scale. Regression analysis techniques were applied using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (spss version 29.0.2.0) incorporating descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation. The findings indicated that correctional rehabilitation programs had a significant influence on inmate behavior change with vocational training, religious and recreational program demonstrating different degree of effectiveness. Nonetheless, these programs showed limited impact on the reduction of reoffending. This study concluded that while rehabilitation efforts can lead to significant changes within prison environments, they are insufficient in preventing reoffending. The researcher suggested the need for these programs and other initiatives aimed at preventing recidivism to address the specific needs of individual offenders as well as the underlying factors that lead them to engage in criminal behavior.
Key Words: Rehabilitation Program, Inmate Behavior Change, Effectiveness and Recidivis
Integration of Information and Communication Technology in Enhancing English Language Teaching in Selected Secondary Schools in Manyara Region, Tanzania.
No full textThis study examined the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing English language teaching in the selected secondary schools in the Manyara region, Tanzania. Three objectives guided the study: first, to examine the use of ICT in accessing English language teaching and learning resources; second, to investigate the extent of ICT use in designing and preparing English language teaching and learning activities; and third, to analyze how ICT is used in assessing English language teaching and learning. A convergent research design employing mixed methods was used, in which questionnaires and interview guides were used in collecting data to determine the potential use of ICT in teaching English. Stratified, systematic, and purposive sampling were used to obtain a sample from the targeted population of 60,588, of which a total of 384 individuals, including 25 teachers and 359 students from Forms Three and Four, were randomly selected. One teacher from each of the nine schools was interviewed, while the remaining sixteen completed the questionnaire forms. The TPACK Model provided a valuable framework for this study, exploring the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by both teachers and students, as well as its integration into teaching and learning practices. The findings indicate that, while ICT facilities are limited, the available resources significantly empower instructors to access materials and create engaging lessons. Nevertheless, the utilization of ICT in assessment is considerably low, primarily due to a lack of sufficient resources and technical expertise in integrating technology into English instruction. Consequently, the study strongly advocates for government and educational stakeholders to invest in adequate ICT facilities, ensure reliable internet access, and offer targeted training to enhance technology integration in English language teaching.
Keywords: ICT Integration, English Language Teaching and Resources Acces
An Enhanced Multifactor Authentication Framework for Mobile Money Transactions.
No full textRecently, mobile money transactions have become crucial to global finance, providing easy access and convenience for millions. However, with the rapid growth of these platforms, the risk of fraud and unauthorized access also increases. Financial institutions need effective measures to combat these threats to maintain high-quality services. Many current authentication methods rely on a single factor, like PINs or passwords, which are insufficient for protecting sensitive financial information and securing transactions. Furthermore, the impact of new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, the Internet of Things, and edge computing on security, especially authentication, is still not well understood. This study proposes a new multifactor authentication (MFA) framework tailored for mobile money transactions to improve security and minimize fraud. The proposed framework integrates multiple layers of authentication, including knowledge factors (e.g., PIN), possession factors (e.g., mobile device, OTP sent via SMS or email), and biometric factors (e.g., fingerprint). By leveraging these diverse factors, the framework ensures that access to mobile money services requires a higher level of assurance, making it significantly more difficult for unauthorized users to gain access. Additionally, the framework employs adaptive authentication mechanisms that dynamically adjust the required authentication factors based on the transaction’s risk level, user behavior, and environmental context. The results were obtained after analysis of the data. 30 (73.17%) of respondents suggest multifactor authentication. The other 7 (17.07%) indicate that two-factor authentication can still solve the challenge, especially if there is enough knowledge for the user. The rest 4 (9.76%) respond that policy is an important concern that, in some cases, allows for errors. This implies that multifactor authentication is the most recommended solution, although, on the other hand, user awareness should also be enhanced.
Keywords: M-Payment; M-Transfer; Mobile Money Transaction; Mobile Mone
Impacts of Macroeconomic Factors on Employment Growth in Tanzania.
No full textMacroeconomic factors, particularly fiscal and monetary policies, significantly influence economic growth and employment. This study examines the effects of macroeconomic factors on employment growth in Tanzania. It examines how internal and external fiscal and monetary macroeconomic factors influence employment growth. Time series data spanning from 1990 to 2022, collected from the Bank of Tanzania and the World Bank, were utilised. Prior to estimation, stationarity tests were conducted, followed by co-integration bound tests and an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for both long-run and short-run error correction. The findings indicate that total government revenue, lending interest rates, openness to trade, public external debt, foreign reserves, exchange rates internal fiscal and monetary interaction factors were inverse related with employment growth. Conversely, GDP growth, total government expenditure, inflation rate, external fiscal and monetary interaction had a positive impact on employment growth in the long run. The study concludes that both external fiscal and monetary factors were crucial in influencing employment growth in Tanzania. Therefore, it is recommended government to continue broaden the revenue base by establishing the newly friendly revenue collection approaches, lowering the lending interest rate to stimulate local investors and ensure affordable borrowing for productive investments, external debt must be done on the purpose and ensure full maximization of it to yield maximum return. The government has to continue to safeguard the goods and services of high quality to compete in both local and foreign market and evade excessive imports.
Keywords: Fiscal Factors, Monetary Factors, Employment Growth, Tanzania
“Contributions of Relocated Public Secondary School Teachers to the Academic Performance of Public Primary Schools in Bukoba Municipality from 2018-2023.
No full textThis study aimed at assessing the contributions of relocated public secondary school teachers to the academic performance of public primary schools in Bukoba municipality from 2018-2023. It comprised of three specific objectives. Guided by the Bertalanffy Input-Process-Output Systems Theory and a pragmatic research paradigm, the study used a mixed-methods approach with an explanatory sequential design. Convenience sampling technique was used to get 71 participants (21 head teachers and 50 relocated teachers). Questionnaires, interviews and documentary reviews were the methods for collecting data. Quantitative data were analysed by the descriptive statistics (mean scores and standard deviations) and inferentially analysed by the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 28.0. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings show that, the availability of relocated teachers significantly related with students’ academic performance. Relocated teachers had negative attitudes of teaching in primary schools, faced delayed transfer allowances and living away from their families. The school administration experienced lateness to school, reluctance to teach according to the school time-table and regular truancy from relocated teachers. It is recommended that, the government should consider that, all public primary schools have adequate and trained teachers instead of relocating them.
Keywords: Contributions, Relocated Public Secondary School Teachers, Academic Performance, Public Primary Schools
Assessment on the Availability and Accessibility of Health and Nutrition Information by Mothers and Caregivers of Under Five Years Children in Mbeya Region, Tanzania.
No full textThis study assessed the availability and accessibility of health and nutrition information among mothers and caregivers of children under five in Mbeya Region, Tanzania. A sample of 171 respondents was drawn using purposive and stratified random sampling to represent both urban and rural settings. Data collection methods included interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The findings revealed that information was mainly obtained from health facilities, community health workers, radio, and mobile phone messages. Despite this, access remained limited by poor internet connectivity, low digital literacy, poverty, and long distances to health facilities, especially in rural areas. Some caregivers were also unaware of reliable sources restricted their ability to access useful information. The study concludes that addressing these barriers requires a multi-sectoral approach that strengthens both infrastructural and social support systems. Efforts should focus on establishing community-based information hubs and improving healthcare infrastructure. Expanding the use of local media and culturally tailored health materials would also enhance awareness and reach. Furthermore, strengthening outreach programs and partnerships with NGOs could improve service delivery and ensure a wider flow of information. Enhancing adult literacy, addressing cultural barriers, and improving transport and communication systems are equally important for increasing accessibility to health and nutrition information. The study highlights the need for collaboration among policymakers, practitioners, and communities to ensure sustainable improvements in maternal and child health in Mbeya Region.
Keywords: Health information, Health and nutrition information, Mothers and caregivers, Children under five
Falsafa za Nyimbo za Harusi za Kimakunduchi katika kudumisha Ndoa.
No full textWamakunduchi wanatumia Nyimbo za harusi kama njia ya kuwafunda wanandoa wao. Nyimbo hizo zinakuwa na msaada mkubwa katika mila na desturi walizojiwekea katika kudumisha ndoa. Mtafiti amefanya utafiti kwa lengo la kuchunguza falsafa za nyimbo za harusi za Kimakunduchi katika kudumisha ndoa, katika Shehia tatu ambazo ni Kiongoni, Kajengwa na Ng’anani. Watoa taarifa walikuwa ni wakaazi wa Makunduchi. Utafiti ulikusanya data kwa mbinu ya Usaili wa nusu kimuundo (Semi Structured Interview) na kupitia Machapisho. Nadharia ya uhalisia imetumika katika utafiti huu kutokana na kuonyesha uhalisia wa maisha jinsi yalivyo kulingana na falsafa zinazoibuliwa kupitia Nyimbo hizo zikiwa na lengo kuu la kudumisha ndoa. Data zilizokusanywa ni zile zinazozungumzia Maadili, nidhamu, suala la unyumba, kujenga udugu katika familia na kukemea maovu katika ndoa. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanaonyesha wazi kuwa nyimbo za harusi zina falsafa kubwa ya kudumisha ndoa kwa wanajamii wa Makunduchi na Watanzania kwa ujumla
The Role of Men in Preventing Gender-Based Violence against Women: A Case of Babati District.
No full textGender-based violence (GBV) remains a persistent and deeply rooted challenge in Tanzanian society, with women and girls disproportionately affected. While significant attention has been given to empowering women and protecting victims, less emphasis has been placed on understanding and engaging men as potential allies in prevention efforts. This study sought to explore the role of men in preventing gender-based violence against women in Babati District, Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to examine men’s perceptions of GBV, assess the effectiveness of community-based programs that involve men in GBV prevention, and investigate the barriers men face in participating in such efforts. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through 20 in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions with men and women from diverse social and professional backgrounds. The study was guided by Social Learning Theory, Feminist Theory, and the Ecological Framework, which provided a multidimensional understanding of the individual, social, and structural factors shaping male behavior and attitudes toward GBV. Findings revealed a wide variation in men’s perceptions of GBV—ranging from progressive understandings to deeply entrenched patriarchal views. Community-based programs such as faith-led teachings, youth clubs, and peer dialogues were found to be effective in promoting change, particularly when they were participatory, locally rooted, and emotionally engaging. However, barriers such as peer pressure, cultural norms, fear of emasculation, economic hardship, and limited rural outreach significantly hindered male participation in GBV prevention initiatives. The study concludes that while men have the potential to play transformative roles in ending GBV, their engagement must be strategically cultivated through sustained, culturally sensitive, and trauma-informed interventions. It recommends that GBV prevention efforts integrate male emotional support, economic empowerment, and community recognition to dismantle harmful masculinities and foster inclusive social change. The findings offer valuable insights for social workers, policymakers, and civil society actors committed to building a gender-equitable and violence-free society.
Keywords: Gender-based violence, men’s engagement, masculinity, prevention, community-based programs, Babati District, Tanzania
Improved Livelihood of Women through Poultry Farming for Umoja Group at Ng’hama Village in Shinyanga District.
No full textThis project stems from a research study and implementation conducted from May to October 2024 in Ng'hama Village, Mwalukwa Ward, Shinyanga District Council. The study aimed to identify and address economic challenges, particularly for women. Through interviews and literature reviews, a community needs assessment was conducted using Pairwise Ranking, allowing community members to prioritize projects. Poultry farming emerged as the top choice due to its potential for sustainable income, low startup costs, and strong local demand. Community members selected poultry farming as a practical solution with a fast return on investment and manageable upkeep. Training sessions provided members with essential skills in poultry management, equipping them to sustain and grow the project independently. The initiative aims to improve livelihood and reduce poverty across Ng'hama Village by enabling community-driven management. This project highlights the effectiveness of community-led solutions aligned with local needs. It demonstrates that poultry farming can be a powerful tool for sustainable income generation and economic empowerment in rural areas. The approach established here offers a replicable model for similar projects addressing poverty through targeted, sustainable development.
Keywords: Poultry farming, Livelihood improvement, Community-driven Development, Sustainable income generation, Rural economic empowerment
Impact of Locally Managed Octopus Reefs Conservation Practices on Livelihood Improvement: A Case of Songosongo Island.
No full textThis study assessed the impact of locally managed octopus reef conservation practices on livelihood improvements in Songosongo Island, Tanzania, from 2017 to 2024. The specific objectives evaluated the indicators of community income, business capital, physical assets, housing conditions, and food intake. The study adopted the positivist philosophy. The 83 respondents were selected proportionally via stratified and simple random sampling. Statistical tools, including paired t-tests, chi-square tests, and descriptive analyses, were used to evaluate changes before and after reef conservation practices. Findings showed a statistically significant improvement in business capital (p = 0.016), household physical assets (p = 0.0023), housing conditions (p < 0.001), and food security (p = 0.004). While average income increased by 22.5%, this change was not statistically significant (p = 0.2048), suggesting economic outcomes vary. More than 80% of respondents reported building new homes and increasing their daily meals from 2 to 3. The study concludes that community-led reef conservation practices are a practical strategy for enhancing coastal livelihoods. The study recommends integrating financial support, infrastructure investment, and food security programming into marine conservation efforts.
Keywords: Impact, Octopus Reefs conservation practices, livelihood improvement, Songosongo Islan