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Groundwater Quality Assessment and the Impact of Silver Bio Nanoparticles on Faecal Indicator Bacteria in Ifakara town, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Get PDFThis study investigated the groundwater quality in Ifakara town, South-eastern Tanzania and developed a nano-disinfectant to deactivate faecal indicator bacteria.
Physico-chemical parameters and faecal indicator bacteria were assessed in groundwater samples from 54 hand-pump borewells using standardized methods. The sanitation conditions around the borewells were evaluated using a WHO
approved questionnaire, and a nano-disinfectant was generated through a straightforward and environmentally friendly procedure. While all borewells (100%)
met Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for physico-chemical parameters, 46% of the borewells exceeded the
permissible limits for faecal indicator bacteria. The presence of faecal indicator bacteria in the groundwater was significantly correlated (r=0.5-0.6, P<0.05) with
poor sanitation conditions around the borewells. The study also observed distinct relationships between faecal indicator bacteria and faecal markers of human, pig, and
ruminant, indicating that these animals were not the sources of faecal contamination in groundwater. Silver nanoparticles generated in this study effectively eliminated high levels of fecal indicator bacteria (>105 cfu/100 mL) in surface water to undetectable levels within 4 hours at a concentration of >9.37 mg/mL, underscoring their potential for water purification. The study recommends improving sanitation practices around borewells and utilizing effective disinfectants to enhance the microbiological quality of groundwater.
Keywords: Physico-chemical Parameters; Microbial Parameters; Microbial Source Tracking; Sanitation Practices, Silver Bionanoparticles, Water Treatment
The Effect of Non-Revenue Water on the Efficiency of Water Projects in Tanzania: A Case of Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority.
No full textGenerally, the study examined the effect of non-revenue water on the efficiency of water projects in Tanzania at MUWSA. The study had three specific objectives: determine the effect of NRW physical loss on the efficiency of water projects in Tanzania. To examine the effects of NRW commercial loss on the efficiency of water projects in Tanzania. And determine the effects of NRW management costs on the efficiency of water projects in Tanzania. The study adopted a mixed research approach with an explanatory research design was adopted. The study was conducted at Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority. The target population of this study will be MUWSA water management officials. A population of 352 where a sample of 187 was used. Data was collected through two methods which were questionnaire and interview. The quantitative data collected through questionnaire were analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple regressions analysis while the qualitative data collected through interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis technique. The findings noted that NRW physical loss has a negative and significant effect on the efficiency of water projects. Moreover, the findings revealed that NRW commercial loss has a negative and significant effect on the Efficiency of water projects. On the other hand, findings revealed that NRW management has a positive but insignificant effect on the Efficiency of water projects. Therefore, the study recommends that to effectively manage Non-Revenue Water at MUWSA, it is recommended to implement advanced leak detection technologies, enhance metering accuracy, and conduct regular audits of water distribution systems. Additionally, investing in staff training for efficient water management practices and increasing public awareness on water conservation can significantly reduce NRW. Establishing a robust monitoring and evaluation framework to track progress and address issues promptly is also crucial for sustaining improvements in water project efficiency
The Effect of Training Needs Assessments on Employees’ Performance: A Case Study of Kilindi District Council.
No full textThis study assessed the effect of training need assessment on employee's performance, a case of Kilindi District Council. The study was guided by three specific objectives; to determine the effect of Key Performance Metrics, to examine
employee working capability and to examine the way employee competency on employee performance. Theoretically the study relies on knowledge-Based View Theory, the study employed Positivism research philosophy and quantitative approach. Survey research design was used and a sample of 309 sample size was randomly sampled form a population of 1,575 employees available in Kilindi District Council. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data while descriptive
statistics and multiple regression analysis were used as data analysis instruments. It was revealed that, all the independent variable namely key Performance Metrics,
employee working capability, and employee competency to work were found to be positive and significantly have effect on employee‟s performance at Kilindi District Council. Based on the three findings, this study conclude that, conducting a Training Needs Assessment can provide numerous benefits for both employees and organizations, including identifying knowledge gaps, improving employee performance, increasing job satisfaction, reducing employee turnover, improving organizational performance, and being cost-effective. And it recommended that, employees should be provided with more training programs so as to let the level of employee performance increase more and more for the betterment of the district council.
Keywords: Training Needs Assessments, Key Performance Metrics, Working Capability, Employees’ Performanc
Assessing the Effect of Demobilization Process on Psychological state of Civilianized Combatants. A case of Rwanda Patriotic Front Ex-combatants.
No full textThis study assessed various aspects of psychological conditions through which demobilized ex-combatants have been passing through and their social adaptation after civilianization and reintegration into civil community. A descriptive survey design was employed using sample size of 370 people selected from various institutions and Rwanda ex-combatants in Kigali City and its outskirts. Snowball and
purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents. The data analysis techniques used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) that included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics frequency counts and percentages;
mean values and standard deviations; measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion regression analysis were used to determine the predictor variables (Demobilization Process ,psychological state and Social integration). Findings
indicate that the Rwanda Patriotic Front ex-combatants manifest psychological disorders as regards to depression, anxiety, traumatic characters, and cognitive maladaptive behaviours; the psychological and social support provided to the victims during and after civilianisation has generally been moderate. Contribution of different stakeholders to the process of demobilization was also rated. It was discovered that the effectiveness of psychological state and social integration should lead to significant reduction of post traumatic stress disorders among Rwanda Patriotic Front ex-combatants. This study recommends that the Rwandan government
and its partners in the demobilization process should reconsider the fragility of adaptation of Rwanda Patriotic Front ex-combatants and again carry out detailed study on their challenges and offer sufficient support to those with high depression
Effects of Leadership Styles on the Performance of Government Agencies in Tanzania: The Study was Conducted at Tanzania Building Agency.
No full textThis study assessed how leadership styles affected Tanzanian government agencies' performance, specifically focusing on the Tanzania Building Agency. Four goals served as the foundation for this investigation: to investigate the impact of
transactional, transformational, autocratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles on the performance of organizations. This study has been guided by the Situational Leadership Theory. The study used a cross-sectional research design, a quantitative research approach, and positivist research philosophy. Out of the 182 employees of Tanzania Building Agency, 124 responses were chosen at random to make up the
sample. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Simple linear regression analysis and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. The study revealed that while the other two variables shown a modest link with the
business's success, two of the four factors—transformational and transactional leadership styles—demonstrated a strong and significant relationship. This study concludes that in organizations where managers assume leadership roles, subordinate staff and employees adhere to a defined and explicit hierarchy of operational processes and directives. Employees must follow their manager's instructions exactly
in order to finish their daily tasks. Accordingly, the study suggested that organizations should think about or implement transactional and transformational leadership styles in line with organizational structure, culture, and staff training at
Tanzania Building Agency in order to meet their goals and achieve positive performance outcomes.
Key Words: Effects, Leadership Styles, Performance of Government Agencie
Effectiveness of Chaining Strategy in Developing Reading Skills among Deaf Pupils in Selected Primary Schools in Tanzania.
No full textDespite chaining strategy being used in teaching deaf pupils in Tanzania, still the deaf graduate with poor reading skills. This study investigated the effectiveness of chaining strategy in developing reading skills among deaf pupils in Tanzania. It
examined the impact of chaining strategy on word recognition and language comprehension, identified challenges faced by teachers, and determined ways to support the chaining strategy. The study employed mixed research approach with a
convergent research design. It was conducted in four special primary schools for the deaf from Dar es Salaam, Njombe, Kagera and Tabora. It was guided by the theory of simple view of reading and VARK model. In-depth interview, observation, questionnaire and test were employed in collecting data from 20 teachers and 162 deaf pupils respectively. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics, correlation, simple linear regression and content analysis. The findings revealed that chaining strategy had a significant contribution in developing word recognition and deaf pupils’ ability of generating meaning from individual words and short sentences.
The study further found that the strategy had insignificant influence in developing deaf pupils’ ability of generating meaning from long sentences and reading texts without encountering some challenges. The study concludes that chaining strategy contributed to the development of deaf pupils’ word recognition ability but could not guarantee the development of language comprehension. It recommends that deaf
pupils should be identified and exposed to sign language in early ages, and teachers for lower grade levels need to be competent in sign language.
Keywords: chaining, strategy, reading, deaf, word-recognition, comprehensio
Impact of Agricultural Financing in Performance of Smallholder Farmers: A Case of AGITF Borrowers in Morogoro Region.
No full textThis study was conducted to assess the impact of agricultural financing in performance of smallholder farmers who benefited from Agricultural Inputs Trust Fund (AGITF) in the Morogoro region, Tanzania. The study was specifically aimed to determine the influence of modern agricultural technologies, contribution of credit accessibility and contribution of market accessibility on performance of smallholder farmers. The Risk Aversion Theory was employed as it influencing farmers' decision-making regarding agricultural investments, production choices, and financial management. The study employed probability sampling techniques to select respondents of the study. The data was collected by using questionnaires
administered to 136 respondents sampled using Taro Yamane (1967 sample size determination formula. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings showed that there is a positive outlook among smallholder farmers towards modern agricultural technologies and credit accessibility. Furthermore, market accessibility has a positive impact as it is perceived as instrumental in enhancing economic outcomes. The regression analysis and factor analysis showed that, Market accessibility consistently emerges as a significant predictor of various performance outcomes. Modern technologies showed a marginally significant negative association with some indicators while credit accessibility fails to show significant effects on most performance indicators. Lastly, the study recommended that agricultural financing requires a multifaceted approach for better improvement.
Keywords: Agricultural Financing, Smallholder Farmers, Agricultural Inputs Trust Fund, Modern Agricultural Technology
Improved Income to Women of UMOJA MAKUTI "A" through Liquid Soap Making in Magomeni Ward at Kinondoni Municipality, Dar Es Salaam.
No full textThis paper focusses at a project that the Umoja Makuti "A" Group undertook in Magomeni Ward, Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam, with the goal of economically empowering women through liquid soap making. The project aimed to address the
important need for long-term income-generating activities for women in rural communities, where economic disparities and gender inequality are widespread issues. A participatory needs assessment highlighted significant impediments to women's economic participation, such as limited access to money, insufficient occupational training, and a lack of market opportunities. The project was constructed on a solid methodological foundation, using both qualitative and
quantitative research methodologies to gain a complete grasp of the target group's socioeconomic conditions and specialised demands. The findings indicated that liquid soap manufacture could be a viable microenterprise because it uses local
resources and requires little initial expenditure. The project's implementation strategy was carefully planned to encourage community participation and assure long-term
viability. A monitoring system was set up to track important performance factors such as production volume, sales income, and participant satisfaction. Regular feedback sessions with community members and stakeholders were held to identify
obstacles and opportunities for development. The review found a considerable beneficial impact on household incomes and women's empowerment, with participants reporting greater financial independence, decision-making capacity, and
social status in the community. Sustainability was a key objective, with measures such as reinvesting revenues, forming strong local ties, and investigating product diversification to ensure operations continued beyond the initial funding phase. Furthermore, the project attempted to build a supportive environment for women entrepreneurs by providing access to financial services, marketplaces, and ongoing
training opportunities.
Keywords: Liquid Soap, Umoja Makuti "A" Group, Magomeni Ward
The Impact of Electricity Supply on the Performance of Small and Medium-scale Enterprises in Kibaigwa Ward, Tanzania.
No full textThe primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of electricity supply on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Kibaigwa ward, Tanzania. Specifically, the research focused on assessing the influence of electricity accessibility, stability of power supply, and electricity costs on SME performance in the area. An explanatory research design paired with a quantitative approach was employed to gather data from 175 SMEs, utilizing simple random sampling to select participants. Data was collected through a closed-ended questionnaire using a 5-point
Likert scale. To analyze the data, inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, were applied to explore the relationships between independent and dependent variables and to assess the effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable respectively. The results from the Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that electricity accessibility, stability of power supply,
and electricity costs all have a significant and strong positive correlation with SME performance. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that both
electricity accessibility and stability of power supply positively impact SME performance, while the cost of electricity had a negative effect. The study concludes
that electricity power supply aspects play a crucial role in the success of the SMEs in Kibaigwa ward. The study recommends government should enhance electricity accessibility and stability while managing costs to improve SME performance in
Kibaigwa Ward.
Keywords: Electricity Accessibility, Stability of Electricity, Cost of Electricity, SME
Factors Affecting Project Quality: The Case of Tanzania Electrical, Mechanical and Electronic Services Agency.
No full textThe general objective of the study was to investigate the factors affecting project quality using the case of Tanzania electrical, mechanical and electronic services agency (TEMESA). The specific objectives of the study were: to assess the influence of financial resources, to examine the influence of communication procedures and to determine the influence of political influence on quality of TEMESA projects in Dar
es salaam region. The study was guided by the Joseph Juran’s Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire tool using 50 respondents. The respondents were selected using the
simple random sampling technique. The IBM SPSS software analyzed the data. The results revealed that financial resources, communication resources and political interference affected the project quality at TEMESA. The study concludes that project quality would be enhanced if these three factors are well managed. The study recommends TEMESA and government to enhance the project quality by promoting the availability of financial resources, facilitate the effective communication and avoid the political interference.
Keywords: Factors, Project quality, TAMESA, Joseph Juran’s theor