4473 research outputs found
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Taswira za ushujaa na uzalendo zinavyoibuwa hali halisi ya kisiasa katika maisha: Tamthilia teule za Emmanuel Mbogo.
No full textUtafiti huu umelenga kuchunguza taswira za ushujaa na uzalendo zinavyoibua hali halisi ya kisiasa katika maisha kupitia tamthilia za Emmanuel Mbogo za Nyerere na Safari ya Kanaani na Mondlane na Samora. Utafiti umeongozwa na malengo mahasusi matatu ambayo ni; kubainisha taswira zilizotumika katika tamthilia teule za Mbogo; kuchambua aina za taswira zinazowasilisha dhamira za uzalendo na ushujaa katika tamthilia teule za Mbogo pamoja na kuchambua jinsi taswira za ushujaa na uzalendo zinavyosawiri hali halisi ya kisiasa katika tamthilia za Mbogo. Utafiti huu umeongozwa na nadharia ya Simiotiki. Matokeo ya utafiti yamebaini kuwa zipo taswira mbalimbali katika tamthilia hizi zinazohusiana na uzalendo na ushujaa. Katika lengo la kwanza, utafiti umeonesha taswira kama vile, taswira za utungu na maumivu ya Wanaafrika ambazo zilionesha matatizo yaliyowakumba Wanamsumbiji katika kupigania uhuru kutoka katika tamthilia ya Mondlane na Samora na taswira za misimamo ya mwalimu Nyerere katika kusimamia siasa za ujamaa katika tamthilia ya Nyerere na Safari ya kanaani. Lengo la pili limebainisha aina mbalimbali za taswira na namna zilivyoweza kutoa sura ya maisha na mapitio ya nchi za Kiafrika kabla na mara tu baada ya uhuru wanchi hizo kama ilivyooneshwa kwa nchi za Msumbiji (kabla ya uhuru) na Tanzania (baada ya uhuru). Lengo la tatu limechambua na kuonesha jinsi taswira zilizochambuliwa katika malengo mawili yaliyotangulia zilivyosawiri hali halisi ya kisiasa.
Maneno Makuu: Taswira, Simiotiki, Uzalend
Kuchunguza Migogoro katika Riwaya za Kiswahili: Mifano Kutoka Katika Vuta N’kuvute.
No full textMada ya tasinifu hii ni kuchunguza migogoro katika riwaya ya Kiswahili kwa kurejelea riwaya ya Vuta N’kuvute ya mtunzi Shafi Adam Shafi. Malengo mahususi yalikuwa matatu ambayo ni kubainisha migogoro inayojitokeza katika riwaya teule, kufafanua vichocheo vya migogoro hiyo na kuelezea uhalisia wa migogoro hiyo kwa jamii ya leo. Data za utafiti zimekusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu za usomaji makini na upitiaji wa nyaraka na kuchambuliwa kwa kutumia mkabala wa kimaelezo na nadharia ya Saikolojia Changanuzi. Matokeo ya utafiti yanabainisha kuwa katika riwaya teule ya Vuta N’kuvute kunajitokeza migogoro nafsia, mtu na mtu, kifamilia na wakoloni na wananchi. Migogoro hii inaonekana kuwa na uhalisia hata katika maisha ya leo ya jamii ambapo wanajamii wanakumbana nayo kila uchao. Sasa hakuna wakoloni lakini wapo wanyonyaji ambao ni wawekezaji wenye sifa sawasawa na wakaloni na wanawanyonya sana wananchi. Kwa upande wa vichocheo vya migogoro katika riwaya teule, matokeo ya utafiti yamebainisha vichocheo hivyo kuwa ni mapenzi, ubaguzi, ukandamizaji, utamaduni na pombe. Vichocheo hivi ni halisia hata katika maisha ya leo ya jamii kwani migogoro mingi ambayo inatokea katika jamii huchochewa na kimoja kati ya vichocheo hivi. Mwishoni mwa tasinifu hii tumetoa hitimisho, muhtasari na mapendekezo kwa ajili ya utafiti wa baadae. Mapendekezo yaliyotolewa katika utafiti huu ni kwamba, utafiti kama huu ufanywe katika riwaya nyingine za Shafi Adam Shafi ili kuona namna migogoro inavyojengwa ndani ya riwaya zake. Sambamba na hilo, unaweza kufanywa utafiti ambao utaangalia athari za migogoro hiyo kwa jamii kama inavyowasilishwa katika riwaya husika.
Pia, utafiti kama huu unaweza kufanywa katika riwaya za watunzi wengine wa riwaya za kisasa na kimapokeo kwa lengo la kulinganisha na kulinganua. Hii itatusaidia kuona ufanano na utofautiano wa ujengaji wa migogoro katika riwaya za kisasa na kimapokeo
The Effect of Public Debts on Economic Growth in Tanzania: An Empirical Analysis 1993 – 2023.
No full textThis study examines the impact of public debt on economic growth in Tanzania between 1993 and 2023. Using descriptive, causal-comparative, and econometric approaches notably the Vector Auto regression (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) the research explores both short-run and long-run relationships between Gross Domestic Product (GDP), domestic debt, and external debt. The findings reveal a statistically significant and positive effect of domestic debt on economic growth, implying that moderate internal borrowing can stimulate economic activity when effectively managed. Conversely, external debt exerts no significant influence on GDP in the short run and a negative effect in the long run, indicating that excessive external borrowing may undermine growth through increased debt servicing burdens. The Johansen cointegration and causality tests confirm a stable long-run equilibrium among the variables, suggesting that prudent debt management is essential for sustainable growth. The results emphasize the importance of balancing domestic and external borrowing, prioritizing productive investments, and strengthening institutional debt management frameworks to sustain fiscal stability and economic progress.
Keywords: Public Debt, Domestic Debt, External Debt, Economic Growth, Tanzania, VAR Model, VECM, Cointegration
Assessment of the Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance in the National Social Security Fund in Tanzania.
No full textThis study examines the impact of training and development on employee performance at the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) in Tanzania. The study, grounded in the Human Capital Theory, assesses the effectiveness of training processes, methods, and resources in enhancing employee performance, particularly in service delivery, ethical behavior, and motivation. Using a quantitative design, survey data were collected from 199 NSSF employees and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression models. Findings revealed that training methods and resources significantly influence employee performance (β = 0.412, p < 0.01; β = 0.368, p < 0.05), while training processes showed a weaker positive effect (β = 0.215, p < 0.10). Interactive methods such as workshops and on-the-job training yielded greater performance improvement than structured processes. Adequate training resources, especially modern materials and digital tools, were also critical for enhancing outcomes. The model explained 62.3% of the variance in employee performance (R² = 0.623), supporting the theory that investment in human capital improves productivity. The study recommends NSSF strengthen interactive and role-specific training, invest in modern resources, and refine processes through feedback and employee participation. Policymakers should prioritize training budgets and standardize frameworks across the public sector. Future research should assess long-term training impacts and use mixed methods for deeper insight.
Keywords: Training and Development, Training Process, Training Methods, Training Resources, Employee Performance, Social Security
The Impact of Good Governance Practices on Promoting Service Delivery in Tanzania’s Public Organizations: A Case of the Dodoma Water Authority.
No full textThis study examined the impact of good governance practices on service delivery in public organisations, focusing on the Dodoma Urban Water and Sanitation Authority (DUWASA). The study aimed to (i) assess DUWASA’s adherence to good governance principles, (ii) determine the influence of accountability, transparency, and public participation on service delivery, and (iii) identify challenges affecting governance implementation. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with 10 key informants and quantitative surveys of 23 employees and 99 customers, making a total sample of 132 respondents. Findings revealed that DUWASA largely adheres to good governance practices. Transparency and accountability positively influenced the management of financial, human, and infrastructural resources, while community participation contributed to improved service delivery and public ownership of utility projects. However, challenges such as corruption, poor remuneration, and inadequate responsiveness to complaints were identified as major impediments. Based on these findings, the study recommends that DUWASA: improve staff remuneration and ensure timely wage payments, strengthen oversight and whistleblower mechanisms to curb corruption, enhance responsiveness to customer complaints, and maintain consistent transparency and accountability practices. Implementing these measures will strengthen governance and improve the quality and reliability of water services in Dodoma City.
Keywords: Good Governance Practices, Service Delivery, Tanzania, Public Organisations, Dodoma Water Authorit
Assessment of the Effect of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Tanzania.
No full textUsing data from 1970 to 2022, the dissertation examines how Tanzania's government spending affects economic expansion. The research utilizes a time series model, incorporating independent variables; consumption expenditure, investment expenditure, and human capital expenditure, with GDP as the dependent variable. The study employs descriptive statistics and regression analysis to elucidate relationships between government spending and economic growth. Notably, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is employed to accommodate both stationary and non-stationary variables, offering robustness and flexibility in analysing mixed-order integration time series data. The findings reveal nuanced relationships between government expenditure components and economic growth. Investment expenditure exhibits a significant positive long-run effect on GDP, underscoring the importance of strategic investment planning in key sectors to foster sustainable economic development. In contrast, consumption expenditure demonstrates both short run and long run positive effects on GDP, highlighting the significance of consumer spending in driving economic expansion, especially during economic downturns. Human capital expenditure, while showing negative short run effects, exhibits positive long run effects on GDP. Based on the research findings, policy recommendations, include prioritizing strategic investments in infrastructure and key sectors, promoting sustained government spending in public services, and implementing policies to enhance human capital investments.
Keywords: Government Expenditure, Economic Growth, Investment Expenditure, Consumption Expenditure, Human Capital Expenditure
Influence of Protected Areas on Water Resource Sustainability: A Case of Kiborian Forest Reserve in Mpwapwa District, Tanzania.
No full textThis study assessed the influence of the Kiborian Forest Reserve on the sustainability of water resources in Mpwapwa District. It aimed to evaluate the current status of surface water resources, examine the influence of vegetation cover on water quality, and explore the relationship between conservation practices and water resource sustainability. The study adopted a pragmatic philosophy and a mixed research approach with a case study research design. A sample size of 365 respondents was selected from a total of 4066 households randomly and purposefully selected. Data were collected via questionnaires, interviews, and document review and analysed through descriptive statistics and content analysis. The study found that surface water resources are available year-round, though with fluctuations during dry periods (Mean = 3.2, SD = 1.3), and while the water quality generally meets local consumption standards, the region faces challenges such as decreasing water levels, particularly in the dry season (Mean = 3.6, SD = 1.2). The vegetation cover was found to be crucial for enhancing water quality by reducing sedimentation, filtering pollutants, and preventing contamination (Mean = 3.8, SD = 1.3). The study highlighted that conservation practices, including forest restoration and sustainable land management, are vital for the sustainability of water resources ((Mean = 3.7, SD = 1.6). The study found a strong positive correlation between conservation practices and the sustainability of water resources, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.705 (p-value = 0.000). The study concluded that surface water availability is moderate, with challenges during the dry season, and highlighted the importance of vegetation cover and conservation practices in maintaining water quality.
Keywords: Forest reserve, Conservation, Water resources sustainabilit
Examining the Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Adolescents in Nyamagana District, Tanzania.
Get PDFThis study aimed at assessing the utilization of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services among adolescents in Nyamagana district as a case study. Specifically, the study assessed: the level of awareness of adolescents in accessing SRH services; accessibility of SRH services by adolescents; and challenge facing the adolescents in accessing SRH services. The study was guided by Social Cognitive Theory developed by Albert Bandura. Interprevitism philosophy and cross-sectional design. Qualitative approach was employed whereby 30 participants were involved. In addition, a non-probability sampling strategy specifically purposive sampling was used to select parents/guardians, and healthcare providers. Data were collected by using a semi-structured interview. Data analysis involved thematic analysis. Results indicated that utilization to SRH services by adolescents was influenced by the level of awareness such as awareness of the right to information and education on SRH service, freedom of thoughts on SRH, and right to decide number and spacing of children, and free from violence. The study also found the access to SRH services depended on availability of healthcare providers, adolescent-friendly SRH service, life skills and education programmes, and stock-out commodities. Results also indicated the challenges that hindered access to SRH among adolescents to include intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional level. The study concludes that utilization to SRH services in Nyamagana district was influenced by adolescent’s level of awareness of SRHS services, and access to SRH service. The study recommends that the government under the Ministry of Health of Tanzania and other health practitioners in Nyamagana district should inform adolescents about the importance of getting SRH services
The Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance in Industries Sector. A Case of Hill Group of Companies Limited.
Get PDFThis study assessed the impact of motivation on employee performance in industries sector at Hill Group of Companies Limited (HGCL). This study adopted descriptive survey research design in orders to assess how motivation influence employee performance, this study used both probability sampling technique which was cluster sampling technique and non-probability sampling which was purposive sampling, to get a sample size of 50 respondents. Interview and questionnaires which comprised both close-ended and open-ended questions, were used in data collection. The study
revealed that employees are motivated by the salary, Bonus and allowances which contributing on employees’ performance at HGCL. Similarly, Employees exposed that that provision of training, good working condition at the company, good
treatment from the company management are among the factors motivated them to perform their job. The study concluded that employees are well motivated to perform their job if there is provision of training to employees; reasonable salary, bonus and allowances are good; good working condition at the company and good treatment from the company management. The study recommended that; there was a need for
(HGCL) Management to involve all employee in all level of decision-making process, improve working environment, providing allowance and bonus to all employee annually and provide basic employees requirement on time in order to
make sure that all employees satisfied and motivated in their position. Furthermore, the company should have a clear organization structure and that structure should be
clear on duties and responsibility of all employee and a clearly salary structure basing on their qualifications, Thus, the required performance will be achieved.
Keywords: Motivation and Employee Performanc
Assessment of the Legal and Institutional Framework Governing Termination of Employment Contract in Tanzania’s Private Sector.
Get PDFThis study assessed the legal and institutional framework governing termination of employment contracts in the private sector in Tanzania. It specifically examined the adequacy and the effectiveness of the section 40(3) of the Employment and Labor Relations Act, 2004 and institutions in protecting the right to work to employees and ensuring fair termination practices in the private sector. The study employed a
doctrinal analysis, where relevant domestic legislations, international instruments, and reports were examined to position the discussion to a broader perspective. This
approach ensured a thorough analysis of the complex socio-legal issues surrounding the employee‟s rights and termination of employment contracts in the private sector.
A comparative approach was also employed to benchmark the existing legal and policy frameworks against international best practices and standards. The study revealed that Section 40(3) of the ELRA not only contradicts the Constitution, particularly the right to work and the right to receive fair remuneration, but also violates Article 4 of the ILO Convention and Section 37(2) of the ELRA. These laws
require termination of employment only for valid reasons and through fair procedures. This section creates a loophole that wealthier employers in the private sector can exploit to terminate poorer employees without valid reasons.
Consequently, the study recommends the provision of section 40(3) to be modified in such that an employer is obliged to reinstate an employee with no option of an employer to refuse reinstatement and domestication of ILO conventions to enhance the legal and institutional frameworks thereby, promoting fair labour practices in the Tanzanian private sector