4473 research outputs found
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Role of Facebook in Promoting the Welfare of Low- Income Single Mothers: The Case of Dodoma City, Tanzania.
No full textThe purpose of this study was to assess the role of Facebook in promoting the welfare of low-income single mothers in Dodoma city. The objectives were to explore the accessibility to Facebook in promoting the welfare of single mothers, explore the influence of Facebook on promoting the welfare of single mothers, and to identify the challenges single mothers face while using Facebook. The study was guided by Agenda Setting Theory which establishes that people acquire cues to the relative importance of various topics based on the emphasis given to them in media. The study used quantitative approach and cross-sectional survey design where questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. In addition, the study targeted single mothers as population from Dodoma city. The sample size was calculated by using Raosoft online calculator and it estimated 174 single mothers however only 171 questionnaires returned. The findings of the study identified key factors affecting their online engagement, including internet access, reliability, affordability, and digital literacy. Only 11% had stable internet connections, with 96% relying on mobile data, highlighting significant connectivity challenges. Despite this, 98% used the internet daily, and 75% felt confident navigating Facebook, though some required assistance, indicating a need for community training. The influence of Facebook on these mothers was notable, as 73% of daily users felt more socially connected, and 70% found job opportunities through the platform, demonstrating its role in enhancing social support and economic welfare.
Keywords: Facebook, welfare of low-income single mothers, Dodoma Cit
Assessing Fairness in Land Acquisition Compensation Law in Tanzania: A Case of Depreciated Replacement Cost Method.
No full textThis study investigates the challenges and grievances arising from compulsory land acquisition in Tanzania, with a particular focus on the perceived unfairness of the Depreciated Replacement Cost (DRC) method used in nationally funded projects. The research aims to explore the legal framework governing compensation in Tanzania, evaluate the effectiveness of existing compensation methods especially the DRC approach and identify lessons from international best practices, particularly those outlined by the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Using a mixed-method approach, the study combines doctrinal analysis of Tanzanian laws with a comparative review of international standards. The DRC method, while offering a structured approach to valuation and reflecting current market conditions, has significant shortcomings. It tends to undervalue affected properties due to its emphasis on depreciation, fails to account for emotional attachment, location, and economic potential, and excludes important considerations such as relocation and transaction costs. This often results in inadequate compensation, legal disputes, and diminished investor and public confidence. The IFC Performance Standards provide a more equitable compensation model than Tanzania’s current DRC method, offering full replacement cost without depreciation, covering inflation and transaction costs, and allowing cash or in-kind options. They also include social safeguards such as support for vulnerable groups, impact assessments, and ongoing monitoring, ensuring fairness and transparency. The study finds the DRC method inadequate in addressing the full effects of land acquisition and recommends legal reforms to align with IFC principles for more just and sustainable compensation.
Keywords: Compulsory Land Acquisition, Fair compensation; Depreciated Cost; IFC Standard; Property Rights; Tanzania
The Role of Private Sector in Sustainable Water and Sanitation Services.
No full textThis study explored how Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) contribute to DAWASA's objectives in providing sustainable water and sanitation services. It examined the effects of financial injection, technological innovation, management strategies, and environmental approaches employed by PPPs. Data was collected through surveys and interviews using qualitative and quantitative methods. The study revealed that PPPs have a significant impact on funding water projects and have led to improvements in all four areas investigated. PPPs introduced better project management practices and technology, ensuring environmental sustainability and the preservation of water sources. Additionally, PPPs enabled sustainable access to water and sanitation services for residents in the designated area. However, the study identified shortcomings in DAWASA's operations, such as a significant number of residents in Dar es Salaam lacking connections to DAWASA services. Despite increasing efficiency, DAWASA struggled to keep pace with urbanization and population growth. The findings emphasized the value of PPPs as a financing and funding tool for public projects, especially in the water sector. The introduction of new technology and improved project management practices contribute to enhanced environmental sustainability and timely project completion. PPPs also contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals related to water and sanitation by ensuring access to safe and affordable services, promoting sustainable water use, and reducing environmental impact. Effective governance frameworks, clear roles and responsibilities, risk allocation, transparent procurement processes, and robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are essential for successful implementation of PPPs in providing sustainable water and sanitation services. Addressing the identified shortcomings is crucial to ensure equitable access to clean water and sanitation services for all citizens, regardless of location. In conclusion, PPPs play a vital role in helping DAWASA achieve its objectives and provide sustainable water and sanitation services. However, careful design and implementation of PPPs are necessary to maximize benefits and minimize risks. The study's findings can inform similar projects seeking to improve their outcomes
Increased Income for Njiapanda Women Group through Food Vending Project: A Case of Nduguti Village, Mkalama District, Singida Region.
No full textThis study aimed to improve the economic well-being of the Njiapanda Women Group in Nduguti Village, Singida Region, through a structured food vending initiative. It was motivated by the need to address the socio-economic challenges facing rural women, such as limited capital, inadequate business skills, and poor access to markets and infrastructure. A participatory Community Needs Assessment (CNA) confirmed that food vending was a culturally familiar and low-cost activity with the potential to provide sustainable income for the women involved. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study collected both qualitative and quantitative data from 65 randomly selected households to better understand the community’s economic profile and the viability of the food vending model. The findings showed that most women had low education levels and relied on subsistence farming or petty trade. However, the strong sense of community, demand for ready-made food, and the women’s willingness to work collectively made food vending a feasible income-generating option. The project adopted a rotating leadership model to ensure equity and capacity-building among all members. The project was successfully implemented through business training, securing a vending site, and launching daily food services. This led to increased daily income, improved financial literacy, and stronger group cooperation. The study concludes that with proper training, infrastructure, and community support, food vending can be a powerful tool for empowering rural women.
Keywords: Women’s Economic Empowerment, Food Vending, Community Needs Assessment, Income Generation
The Influence of Financial Services on the Economic Empowerment of Women SME Owners in Kigoma Municipality: The Moderating Role of Cultural Practices.
No full textWomen’s economic empowerment is a multifaceted concept encompassing economic, social, political, and educational dimensions. While progress has been made in recent decades, there are still significant economic disparities between men and women in many parts of the world. This study examined the influence of financial services, particularly microcredit, microinsurance and savings and deposits, on the women's economic empowerment in Kigoma Municipality. Moreover, the study examined the moderating role of cultural practices in explaining the relationship between financial services and women's economic empowerment in Kigoma Municipality. The simple random sampling and structured questionnaires were employed to collect data from 192 women SME owners. The data were analyzed using descriptive, multiple, and hierarchical regression analysis. The findings indicated that microcredit, savings, and deposits and microinsurance financial services positively and significantly influenced women's economic empowerment in Kigoma municipality. The moderation analysis exposed that the cultural practices positively and significantly moderated the relationship between microcredit, microinsurance, savings, and deposits and women's economic empowerment. The study recommends the programs that improve the microcredits, savings and deposits, and microinsurance services to promote women's economic empowerment in Kigoma Municipality and in Tanzania.
Keywords: Financial Services, Women's Economic Empowerment, SMEs, cultural practices, Kigoma Municipalit
The Influence of Accommodation Facilities on Students’ Academic Performance in Sikonge District Wards Secondary Schools, Tanzania.
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of accommodation facilities on students’ academic performance in ward secondary schools in Sikonge District Council. Specifically, the study sought to: explore the status of accommodation facilities in these schools; examine the criteria used to allocate students to the schools; assess the extent to which school accommodation facilities affect academic performance; and suggest appropriate measures to improve accommodation facilities in ward secondary schools. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and a mixed-methods approach, collecting data from six secondary schools with a total of 150 participants. Respondents included st
udents, teachers, parents, planners, policy makers, and government officials such as Village Executive Officers, Ward Executive Officers, Ward Education Coordinators, and District Education Officers. Data collection instruments comprised structured questionnaires and documentary review. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and Microsoft Excel, which generated frequencies, percentages, tables, and charts. The findings revealed that there is a shortage of accommodation facilities in ward secondary schools, despite students’ high demand for them. Distance from home to school was identified as the most common criterion for allocating students to schools. Furthermore, the results indicated that students residing in hostels performed better in the Form Four national examinations compared to those living at home or in rented houses. The study concludes that adequate and affordable hostel facilities play a significant role in improving students’ academic performance. It therefore recommends that more hostels be constructed in all community secondary schools, ensuring that they are of good quality, safe, and accessible to students from different socio-economic backgrounds.
Keywords: Accommodation facilities, academic performance, ward secondary schools, Sikonge District, Tanzania
Effects of Teachers’ Motivation on Students’ Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Nyamagana District Council, Tanzania.
No full textAcademic performance in public secondary schools continues to be a concern, despite continuous government initiatives to improve educational outcomes. This research explored how teachers’ motivation affects students’ academic performance in Nyamagana District Council, Tanzania. The study focused on three main objectives: evaluating the influence of teachers’ working conditions, professional training, and reward systems on student academic performance. The theoretical basis was Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which highlights the importance of motivation in enhancing productivity. Using a descriptive survey design with a mixed-methods approach, the study involved 10 heads of schools, 1 District Secondary Education Officer, 1 District Secondary Academic Officers and 125 teachers. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Findings revealed that fair treatment, conducive working conditions, access to professional development, and performance-based rewards significantly enhance teachers’ motivation, positively influencing student performance. However, inadequate working environments, limited training opportunities, and a lack of recognition hindered motivation. The study concluded that motivating teachers is essential for improving academic performance, with fair treatment, training opportunities, and structured rewards as key contributors to teacher satisfaction and productivity. It recommends that the government improve teachers’ incentives, including salary increments, transfer allowances, and promotions, while school administrations should ensure adequate resources, and teacher participation in decision-making, hence improving students’ academic performance in public secondary schools.
Keywords: Motivation, Academic performance, Public secondary school
Judicial Response to the Emerging Challenges of E-Filing in Mainland Tanzanian Courts: An ‘Access to Justice’ Perspective.
No full textThis study critically examines the role of electronic filing (e-filing) of court cases in enhancing access to justice and the judicial response to the emerging e-filing challenges in Mainland Tanzanian courts. Rooted in a legal system historically characterized by manual, paper-based processes, the Tanzanian judiciary has undertaken a significant digital transformation aimed at modernizing court operations, reducing case backlog, improving transparency, and ensuring timely justice delivery. The study explores legal and institutional frameworks underpinning e-filing, particularly the Judicature and Application of Laws (Electronic Filing) Rules, 2018 and assesses subsequent procedural reforms that have been put in place, such as amendments to the Civil Procedure Code and Court of Appeal Rules. Against the backdrop of access to justice, it also evaluates the technological infrastructure supporting e-filing, which includes the Judiciary Statistical Dashboard System (JSDS2), and the Electronic Case Management System (e-CMS). While e-filing has demonstrated considerable potential to increase efficiency and inclusivity in court proceedings, the study identifies several challenges impeding its full realization. These include digital illiteracy, infrastructural limitations, legal inconsistencies, and the exclusion of self-represented litigants in rural areas which challenges underline the significance of judicial response in overcoming such challenges. Drawing from comparative experiences in, this study argues for a balanced and inclusive approach to digital justice that accommodates both electronic and manual processes. The study concludes by recommending policy refinements, infrastructure investment, and user-centered system designed to ensure that e-filing meaningfully contributes to a more accessible, equitable, and resilient judicial system in Tanzania
Effects of Motivation on Employee Retention: A Case of Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza City.
No full textThis study examined the effects of motivation on employee retention at Bugando Medical Centre using a case study approach. The objectives were to assess how employee autonomy, job satisfaction, and the reward system influence employee retention at the hospital. The study was guided by Social Exchange Theory and followed a positivist research philosophy. A quantitative research approach, together with a descriptive research design, was employed. A total of structured questionnaires 223 were distributed and respondents were obtained using stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses with the aid of SPSS version 26. The findings revealed that employee autonomy, job satisfaction, and the reward system all have a significant positive influence on employee retention. In particular, the reward system was found to play a notable role in enhancing retention rates. The study concludes that promoting employee autonomy, improving job satisfaction, and implementing a well-structured reward system are key drivers of retention. Empowering staff, enhancing working conditions, and offering both financial and non-financial incentives significantly improve employee loyalty, motivation, and long-term commitment. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Bugando Medical Centre implement programs that provide employees with greater control over their tasks and decision-making processes, regularly assess and address employee satisfaction, and review the reward system to ensure it is competitive and effectively incentivizes performance.
Keywords: Organizational Climate, Employee Retention, Bugando Medical Centre
Exploring Men's Perceptions of Modern Contraceptive Use in Tarime District, Tanzania.
No full textThis study aims to explore men’s perceptions of modern contraceptive use in Tarime District, Tanzania. Specifically, the study seeks to assess the level of awareness regarding modern contraceptive use among men in the district, examine the cultural factors influencing men’s attitudes toward modern contraceptive use, and explore men’s involvement in decision-making related to contraceptive use. Using a Mixed -Methods Approach, the research integrates Quantitative data from local Surveys with qualitative interviews to explore men’s perceptions of modern contraceptive use. quantitative data was analyzed using Descriptive with the aid of Scientific Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings were presented in percentages, graphs, tables, and charts. The findings reveal that men with higher level of awareness modern contraceptive are more likely to use condoms, whereas those with limited religious leaders encounter substantial obstacles. A sample of 356 respondents participated in the study. The study concludes with recommendations for the government to strengthen policies and programs that promote male involvement in family planning through culturally sensitive and gender-transformative approaches.
Keywords: Men’s perception, Modern Contraceptive use, Tarime District, Tanzania Mixed- Methods Approach, Outreach Campaigns