BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
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cDNA ENCODING GROWTH HORMONE FROM HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis)
No full textGrowth hormone (GH) that plays an important role in growth, reproduction, seawater adaptation, and immune function was isolated and sequenced from humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis. The cDNA was isolated from pituitary using RT-PCR. The 618 bp open reading frame encodes a 205 amino acid (aa) protein, which represents an 18 aa signal peptide followed by a 187 aa mature GH polypeptide. The fragment contained conserved domain of somatotropin–1, somatotropin–2, casein kinase II phosphorylation, protein kinase C phosphorylation, N–myristoylation and N–glycosilation. The similarity of deduced protein of humpback grouper GH was 65.0 - 89.5% with other fishe
ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUTS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE DELIVERY CHAINS IN WONOGIRI REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
No full textAs a part of an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project on management of aflatoxin in Indonesia and Australia (PHT 97/017), a survey on pre- and postharvest handling of peanuts at farmer, collector retailer levels, including Aspergillus flavus  infection and aflatoxin B1 contamination of peanuts collected in Wonogiri regency, Central Java, was conducted during the harvest period of the wet (February 2003) and dry (June 2003) seasons. Interviews using questionnaires, with farmers, collectors and retailers concerning pre- and post-harvest handling of peanuts were carried out. The moisture contents and physical quality of the peanut kernels were also determined. During the wet and dry seasons, fresh pod samples were collected from farmer fields (24 samples), dry raw pod samples from collector (24 samples) and raw kernel samples from retailer levels (54 samples). Thus, during each season 102 samples of various kinds of peanuts were collected for analysis. The A. flavus infection in kernel samples of peanuts collected from retailers were the highest, followed by samples collected from collectors and farmers. The A. flavus infection in kernel samples collected during the dry season was in general lower than in the wet season. It was alarming to note that all most all samples of raw kernel samples collected from retailers were infected by A. flavus during the wet and dry seasons. In general aflatoxin B1 levels in peanut samples collected in the wet season were higher than the dry season. During the wet and dry seasons, the aflatoxin B1 contents in retailer samples were the highest, followed by those collected from collectors and farmers. During the wet season, around 4, 17 and 33% of peanut samples collected from farmers, collectors and retailers, were respectively contaminated with more than 15 ppb of aflatoxin B1. During the dry season, around 42 and 74% of peanut samples collected from collectors and retailers, were respectively contaminated with more than 15 ppb of aflatoxin B1, while aflatoxin levels in wet raw pod samples collected from farmers were less than 15 ppb. In 2003 Codex Alimentarius Commission has determined a maximum level of total aflatoxins in peanuts intended for further processing at 15 ppb
WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (Ppleurotus fFlorida) MUTANT WITH ALTERED ANTIOXIDANT CONTENTS
No full textRadiation using gamma ray (60Co) at 0.75 KGray with dose velocity of 1.149 KGray/hour on white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) mycelia yielded several mutants. Based on isozyme analysis using two enzyme markers such as esterase (EST) and acid phosphatase (ACP) showed that 3 putative mutants (PO-3, PO-4 and PO-5) among 5 mutants are positive. Even though the isozyme patterns indicated that those 3 putative mutants are positively mutated, only PO-5 showed higher productivity compared to control (PO-K) which is reflected by significantly higher number of fruit bodies, higher fresh weight and dry weight yield of three successive flush periods. It was assumed that the mutation which occurred in PO-3 and PO-4 may affect other trait(s) of the white oyster mushroom. Antioxidant analysis of those mutants indicate that mutant PO-4 has significantly higher antioxidant content compared to control (PO-K) and the two other mutants (PO-3 & PO-5). This finding leads to the possible applica¬tion of white oyster mushroom as a natural antioxidant source
APPLICATION METHOD OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES FOR THE CONTROL OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE FR. CAUSING BROWN GERM AND SEED ROT OF OIL PALM
Get PDFBiological seed treatment promotes to save the environment from toxic chemicals in the agricultural practices. Schizophyllum commune is one of the important seedborne pathogenic fungi causing brown germ and seed rot of oil palm which required effective and efficient treatÂment based on environmental friendly approaches. Anti-microbial substances are extracted from antagonistic bacteria of B. multivorans and M. testaceum after mass production in the liquid media. Application method of anti-microbial substances for the control of Schizophylllum commune was done by seed dipping for 30 minutes and vacuum infiltration at 400 mm Hg. vac. for 2 min. in supernatant of anti-microbial substances diluted in sterilized distilled water with concentraÂtion ratio of 1:4. Application method using anti-microbial substances from antagonistic bacteria inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungus, enhanced seed germination, and without causing any abnormal growth of oil palm seedlings
CHARACTERIZATION OF STREPTOMYCES sp. 45I-3 XYLANASE
No full textStreptomyces sp 45I-3 producing xylanase was isolated from Kalimantan soil sample. Crude enzyme (produced by centrifuging the culture at 14000 rpm for about 5 minutes) and purified xylanase has an optimum condition at pH 5 and 50 oC. Crude xylanase have half-life time of 2 hours 9 minute at 50 oC, whereas purified xylanase has half-life time of 12 hours. The molecular mass of purified xylanase was determined to be 43.2 and 39.2 kDa
RECOVERY OF MORE THAN 10 YEARS-DRYING Monascus CULTURES AND ITS PURIFICATION METHODS FROM FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION
Get PDFThis study was carried out to understand the recovery capability of more than 10 years- drying Monascus cultures. A new simple purification technique from fungal contamination using ethanol-soaking treatment was also reported as a part of this study. The result showed that all drying cultures were recovered well and retained their characters such as good growth, pigmenÂtation and production of fruit bodies (ascomata), sexual spores (ascospores) and asexual spores. Several cultures showed its good growth in 20% ethanol medium. This study also reported sucÂcessful purification of cultures from fungal contamination using ethanol-soaking treatment. This self-drying method, therefore, could be suggested as a good long-term preservation method for Monascus cultures. Moreover, purification method from fungal contamination soaked in ethanol 70% or 95% was successfully effective
THE PRESERVATION OF MILK WITH THE ADDITION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND AROMATIC SUPPLEMENTS PRODUCED IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThe preservation of milk with additional antibacterial and aromatic supplements, produced in Indonesia, was investigated. Organoleptic performances of milk with the addition of 10% supplements, made as juices, were tested by panellists, and the total bacteria, protease activities, lipase activities and acidities, were detected by total plate counts, azocasein method, modified dole extraction and base-acid titration, respectively. Out of the 27 supplemented skim and whole milk samples, 15 whole milk samples and 10 skim milk samples were selected as acceptable, based on their better organoleptic performances, their lower bacterial counts, protease and lipase activiÂties, and their acidities percentages which were not significantly different, compared to that of control, at 5 days after the expiry date (
THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL MADE FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FIBRES
No full textThe objectives of this study were to characterize cut oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres to focus on the manufacturing of environmentally friendly thermal insulation material from these fibres for building purposes
THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLASTIC PACKAGING MATERIALS: THEIR EFFECTS ON MOULD INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUTS.
No full textDEVELOPMENT OF MUD CRAB (SCYLLA OLIVACEOUS HERBST) OOCYTE AFTER IN VITRO CULTURE WITH THORACIC GANGLION EXTRACTS OF ESTUARINE CRABS (NEOEPISESARMA LAFONDI JACQUINOT AND LUCAS)
No full textThorax ganglion was reported as a source of stimulating hormone for gonad development. The aim of this research was to study the development of mud crab (Scylla olivaceous) oocytes cultured in in vitro medium supplemented with thoracic ganglion extracts of Neopisesarma lafondi. Immature crabs with 110 mm carapace width were collected from the mouth of Bawana Marana Rivers, Maros Regency of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pieces of ovarian tissues from those crabs were incubated within 24 hours in culture medium (Medium-199 with 100 IU/ml Penicilin-G) supplemented with 2 mg/ml thoracicganglion extract. Result showed that the diameter of mud crab oocytes was increased in congruent with the incubation time. The development was prominent after in vitro incubation for 8 hours (