BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
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LICHEN SPECIES DIVERSITY AS BIOINDICATOR OF AIR QUALITY IN THE GUNUNG BIBI FOREST, MOUNT MERAPI NATIONAL PARK
No full textARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- The study identified 36 lichen species from 14 different families.- The lichen composition differed between stations, indicating disparities in air quality.- Station II (1600-1700 masl) had better air quality than Station I (1600-1700 masl), which had a higher diversity index value and more lichen coverage. - Nitrogen emissions from farming may reduce the non-nitrophilic lichen diversity and abundance.- The diversity and abundance of lichen is affected by air temperature, humidity, light intensity, and the type of bark.ABSTRACTThe Mount Merapi ecosystem is distinguished by its considerable biodiversity potential, which has led to its designation as a national park and the protection of its unique ecological characteristics. A notable example of the Mount Merapi ecosystem is the Gunung Bibi forest, which has been designated as a Sanctuary Zone within the Mount Merapi National Park, with the primary objectives of biodiversity conservation, habitat preservation, and ecosystem protection. However, the Gunung Bibi forest is susceptible to the repercussions of volcanic eruptions and the pressure of agricultural activities from the surrounding area, which may potentially impact its air quality. Given the geographical area of the forest, the most efficient method for air quality monitoring is the use of lichens diversity as bio-indicators. This study aims to analyze the relationship between lichen species diversity and air quality in the Gunung Bibi forest area of Mount Merapi National Park, and the factors that influence it. Data collection was carried out by dividing the area into two research stations based on altitude. Data collection was carried out using a purposive sampling method with analysis including lichen abundance, lichen thallus cover area, and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index measurement. Based on the research conducted, the results of lichen species diversity found at the research site include 36 species from 13 different families. The lichen composition at the two stations differs, indicative of disparities in air quality. Station II (1600-1700 masl) exhibited indications of better air quality in comparison to Station I (1500-1600 masl), which was distinguished by a higher diversity index value, as well as a greater lichen thallus covering area. The difference in air quality between the two research stations is probably due to nitrogen emissions from agricultural activities, which limit the diversity and abundance of non-nitrophilic lichen species Environmental factors affecting lichen species diversity and abundance are air temperature, humidity, light intensity, and bark type of lichen substrate
INTEGRATING TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN TELUK BINTUNI DISTRICT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Full text linkHIGHLIGHTS- Traditional knowledge plays a crucial role biodiversity conservation. - In Teluk Bintuni District, local regulations support the integration of traditional knowledge, promoting collaboration for sustainable resource management. - The study highlights the need for community engagement, capacity building, and education to effectively utilize traditional ecological.- Successful conservation initiatives require collaboration to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship and social inclusivity, ultimately fostering sustainable development. ABSTRACTTraditional knowledge is vital for wildlife management and forest conservation in tropical regions and is passed down through generations. Thus, this research was designed to identify the challenges and opportunities encountered in implementing Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) during regional development, particularly in relation to natural resource management in Teluk Bintuni District. The data were collected through interviews with local people and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving government officials, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and local figures. The results revealed that the government had enacted Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2019 to recognize the customary rights of seven tribes, i.e., the Kuri, Wamesa, Irorutu, Sebyar, Simuri, Sougb, and Moskona tribes, thereby protecting traditional communities. The regulations emphasize the prioritization of people\u27s rights in development, supported by the establishment of LMA Tujuh Suku (a Traditional Community Institution of Seven Tribes). The tribes have been utilizing TEK to deal with social and environmental issues, integrating the issues into development procedures to foster conservation and economic growth. The challenges, such as poor infrastructure, political instability, and low community engagement, hinder effective implementation. The strengths include accessible natural resources and international funding for conservation. The study highlighted the importance of education, stakeholder collaboration, and technology in documenting and incorporating TEK into conservation planning through participatory research, capacity building, and adaptive management.
INFLUENCE OF TAURINE ON LARVAL EYE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GOLDEN RABBITFISH (Siganus guttatus)
No full textARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Taurine improves eye development in golden rabbitfish larvae- Enhanced growth performance with taurine-enriched rotifers- Taurine positively impacts fish eye and body growthABSTRACTGolden rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is an emerging species for aquaculture industry, despite constrains faced on commercial scale of seed production due to the high mortality during the first-feeding stage. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of taurine through enrichment of rotifers as live-feed on eye development and growth performance of larval golden rabbitfish. Observation of eye development was carried out by measuring eye diameter of the larva and development of the retina based on histology assessment. Growth performance was measured for absolute growth and fin development of the larvae and survival rate. The results showed that taurine-enriched rotifer generally provided better performances for eye development and growth of larval golden rabbitfish compared with control (without taurine). Increase of taurine dose up to 0.050 g/L resulted in an increase of eye diameter, absolute growth, fin development and survival rate. Further increased increment of the taurine tended to decrease the values of the measured parameters. The eye diameter of larval golden rabbitfish fed with 0.050 g/L taurine-enriched rotifer was significantly wider (106.1±9.8 µm) (P < 0.05) compared with control (58.2±14.3 µm), but did not significantly differ from other doses of taurine (P > 0.05). Body width of larvae fed with 0.050 g/L taurine-enriched rotifer was significantly higher (127.3±14.6 µm) (P < 0.05) compared with control (98.8±18.3 µm). In regard to eye development, growth performances (total length, fin development and survival rate), dose of taurine for rotifer enrichment fed to larval golden rabbitfish Siganus guttatus was 0.050 g/L
RECENT COLLECTION OF THE POISONOUS MUSHROOM, Clarkeinda trachodes (Berk.) FOR INDONESIA
Full text linkClarkeinda trachodes is an interesting agaric and has been acknowledged as one of the poisonous mushrooms worldwide. This species has mentioned to be found in tropical regions of Asia, including Indonesia. However, no clear record has been found regarding the primary information and herbarium collection of this species in Indonesia. During our regular mushroom foraging at IPB University campus forest Indonesia, the basidiomata of Clarkeinda was encountered. The current study aimed to confirm the taxonomical position of our specimens based on morphological and molecular evidence. Fresh basidomata was observed on the macro- and micromorphological features. The molecular analysis and phylogenetic tree construction were done based on ITS 1/2 sequence. The combination of morphological and molecular evidence confirmed our specimen as C. trachodes. Morphologically, Clarkeinda trachodes BO24637 can be determined by a large basidiocarp of Agaricales, prominent pellicle on disc pileus, notable ring, reddish brown context and stipe when injured, and truncate apex of basidiospores. The BLAST result showed that our specimen has a high similarity to C. trachodes as the top hits. In addition, the phylogenetic tree constructed by ITS sequence committed specimen BO24637 as C. trachodes with 100% BS value. The current study resolves a clear and accessible document of C. trachodes in Indonesia. In addition, we provided the morphological and molecular information as well as herbarium collection of C. trachodes in Indonesia, which can be used for future study of this species
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF SPINY LOBSTER, Panulirus homarus JUVENILES FED WITH DIFFERENT FORMULATED FEEDS
Full text linkArticle Highlights- Indonesia has remarkable natural resources of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus and an exceptional opportunity to establish the largest lobster aquaculture industry in the world.- However, culturing lobsters still relies on natural feeds (trash fish of fresh fishery by-catch) which are inefficient and environmentally unsustainable.- Developing formulated feed based on locally available ingredients is invaluable for replacing natural feeds to support sustainable lobster culture.- Formulated feed made of local fish meal provided the best growth of juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus homarus compared to imported fish meal.
AbstractSeveral studies suggested that good growth performance and survival of lobster juveniles can be achieved by feeding the lobsters with formulated feeds. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the growth and survival of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus juveniles fed with different diets having profiles based on a basal diet formulation and (2) to compare the growth of lobsters fed with an identical formulated feed with variations only in sources of fish meal and dry matter content. The feeding experiment was designed following a completely randomized design (CRD) with five diet treatments and five replicates for each treatment. Five experimental diets were prepared in this experiment, i.e., Diet A (basal diet prepared as moist pellets); Diet B (moist pellets with the same formulation as Diet A, using local fish meal); Diet C (moist pellets with the same formulation as Diet A, using imported fish meal); Diet D (dry pellets with the same formulation as Diet A, using imported fish meal); and Diet E (fresh fish). Juveniles of spiny lobster with an average weight of 3.00±0.07 g were allocated in 25 net cages (60 x 60 x 60 cm) placed in a circular HDPE canvas tank (7.5 m in diameter) at a density of 15 lobsters/cage in a flow-through seawater system. The juveniles were fed with the experimental diets twice/day for 12 weeks. The experiment showed that the best growth was observed in juveniles fed with moist feed containing local fish meal (Diet B) with the final weight reaching 18.74±2.30 g. Moist feed containing imported fish meal (Diet C) resulted in a higher survival rate (46.66%), and the lowest survival rate (13.33%) was obtained from juveniles fed with fresh fish (Diet E)
PLANT REGENERATION THROUGH PROTOCORM-LIKE BODIES DERIVED FROM STEM THIN LAYER OF Anubias barteri var. Nana Petite
Full text linkArticle Highlights- Effective induction of PLBs from stem thin layer and shoot regeneration using specific BAP and auxin combinations.- Significant role of potato extract in enhancing shoot regeneration.- Highest shoot regeneration rate achieved with 3 mg/L BAP concentration.
AbstractAnubias barteri var. nana Petite, a highly valued ornamental aquatic plant in the Araceae family, faces challenges in vegetative propagation due to its slow multiplication rate. This study established a robust micropropagation protocol for rapid and efficient multiplication of A. barteri var. nana Petite. Explants were subjected to thorough sterilization, and shoot induction and multiplication were optimized using varying concentrations of Benzyl adenine (BA) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were induced from transverse thin-layer explants using combinations of BAP and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). PLB multiplication and shoot regeneration were achieved through a sequential culture protocol. In addition, the influence of potato extract on shoot regeneration and the role of Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) in root development were explored. This study demonstrated a 100% survival rate of regenerated shoots in aquariums. Ongoing research is focused on further enhancing PLB multiplication. This optimized micropropagation protocol holds promise for the large-scale production of A. barteri var. nana Petite, addressing the limitations of natural propagation
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF CELL CULTURE JATROPHA CURCAS
Full text linkJatropha curcas belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family which has potential economically. This plant has been reported to contain toxic compounds such as curcin and phorbol ester and its derivatives. These compounds may become a problem if J. curcas will be explored as a source of biofuel. In order to provide safety plants, the research on the study of phytochemical and initiation of cell and organ culture have been carried out. J curcas which has been collected from different regions in Indonesia showed to contain relatively the same profile of chemical contents. Dominant compounds that were detected by GCMS are hidrocarbon such as 2-heptenal, decadienal, hexsadecane, pentadecane, cyclooctane etc, fatty acid such as oktadecanoate acid, etthyl linoleate, ethyl stearate, heksadecanoate acid and steroid such as stigmasterol, fucosterol, sitosterol. No phorbol ester and its derivatives have been detected yet by the GCMS method. Callus and suspension cultures of J. curcas have been established to be used for further investigation.  Keywords: Jatropha curcas, phytochemical, biofuel, cell culture, steroid, hydrocarbon, fatty aci
THE GENUS MIMOSA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOM. QUADRIVALVIS L. VAR. LEPTOCARPA (D.C.) EARNEDY, A NEW SPECIES RECORD FOR THE WEED FLORA IN MALAYSIA*)
Full text linkAn exploratory floristic survey of the genus Mimosa was conducted in 1993 to ascertain species diversity and their spatial patterns of distribution in Peninsular Malaysia. A new species record of uncertain indigene, M.. quadrivalvis was recorded for the first time in restricted localities along the roadsides in Pekan Darat and Bertam, Seberang Perai, Gurun and Bedong in Kedah in addition to widely distributed and seemingly ubiquitous presence of M. invisa Mart. ex. Colla and M. pudica L. The latter two species were mostly found in open, disturbed and derelict habitats, agricultural areas and ex-mining lands. Both species exhibited largely contagious and overdispersed distribution patterns with positive peaks in pattern intensity values although regularity or underdispersed distribution patterns do manifest in certain localities. The giant mimosa, M. pigra inhabited in clustered thickets, large pockets of lands in the urban and sub-urban localities in the states of Penang, Perak, Kelantan, Kuala Lumpur and Negeri Sembilan. In other states, M. pigra was confined to a few localities in smaller patches. Except for M. quadrivalvis, the other species of Mimosa are serious weeds in the agricultural, recreational and residential and derelict areas. A key to the Mimosa species is constructed along with brief descriptions on their morphology and ecology.
Key words: Malaysia/Weed ecology/Mimosa invisa/Mimosa pigra/Mimosa pudica/Mimosa quadrivalvis/ Weeddistribution/Weed anatomy and morphology
STUDIES ON NATURAL PRODUCTS OF ALBIZIA SP.
Full text linkThe bark of Albizia lebeckioides and Albizia falcataria have been examined for their chemical constituents. A. lebeckioides has yielded the steroidal ketone, stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one, and a triterpene alcohol as the major neutral components. A. falcataria has yielded a similar triterpene and fatty ester as its major constituents. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated in bioassay against termites. The results showed that lupenone and stigmastadienone were toxic ioNeotermes dalbergiae species. In contrast these compounds were less toxic to Cryptotermes cynocephalus species. Key words: Insecticidal plants / Albizia lebeckioides I Albizia falcataria I Bark / Extracts / Chemical constituents / Toxicity / Termite
BROWN SPOT CAUSED BY CURVULARIA SPP., A NEW DISEASE OF ASPARAGUS
Full text linkThe distribution, aetiology and symptomatology of a new disease on asparagus ferns, which we have termed brown spot, is described. Descriptions of and a key to identification of the causal organisms, Curvularia brachyspora, C. eragrostidis, C. lunata and C. pallescens, are also presented. Pathogenicity tests showed that C. lunata was the dominant and most virulent of the four species. Inoculation with conidial suspensions or mycelial transfers through wounded ferns were more effective in inducing the disease than inoculations on unwounded ferns. This is the first record of C. brachyspora in Malaysia and the first report of this disease on asparagus
Key words: Malaysia/Plant diseases/Brown spotJCurvularia brachyspora/Curvularia eragrostidts/Curvularialunata/Curvularia pallescens/Asparagus