BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
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LOCALIZATION OF GFDD4-1 EXPRESSED PROTEIN IN Physcomitrella patens CELLS
Get PDFThe expression of a new dehydration-related gene of Physcomitrella patens, GFDD4-I, was traced for its localization in the plant cells. This revelation is useful to predict the possible roles of the protein in plant tolerance to environmental stress. This gene was fused to gfp marker gene and transfected into the plant protoplasts. Under a confocal laser microscope, it was detected that the GFDD4-1 protein associated with the OFF started to generate at the cell periphery and developed more intensively inwards to cytoplasm, forming vesicles and cystemal structures or network. The protein might be membrane protein which may involve directly in membrane maintenance or cellular protection against stress conditions. Key words : Protoplast transformation, protein localization, dehydration-related gene, GFP, Physcomitrella paten
EFFECT OF 3, 5, 3\u27-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) HORMONE ON NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF THE MUSCLE AND THE GROWTH OF GIANT GOURAMY, OSPHRONEMUS GOURAMY LAC.
Get PDFThis experiment was conducted to study the effect of 3, 5, 3\u27-triiodothyroninc (Tj) hormone on nucleic acid and protein content of the muscle and the growth of giant gouramy, Osphronemus gouramy Lac. Five experimental diets, which contain isocaloric diets, but different in T3 hormone level were used in this experiment (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg T3 hormone/kg diet). The experimental diets were tested to three different groups offish for sixty days feeding trial. Fish body weight in groups I, II, and III were 0.39-0.42 g/fish; 19.11 -21.99 g/fish, and 37.52-40.79 g/fish, respectively. The results showed that the highest RNA, DNA concentration and RNA/DNA ratio of the muscle were produced by 10.0 mg T3 hormone/kg diet for group I and II; and 2.5 mg T3 hormone/kg diet for group III. Similar results also were found for the protein content of the whole body, protein retention, and the daily growth rate of the fish. Key words :  Osphronemus gouramy/Ti hormone/nucleic acid/protcin/growt
IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF ANGIOPTERIS EVECTA USING SPORES
Get PDFTechniques of establishing Angiopleris evecta plants in vitro were studied. Soaking of A. evecta spores in water for 24 hours markedly reduced spore contamination. Soaking of the spores in 1 -2 % of sodium hypochlorite for less than 5 minutes allowed satisfactory disinfestation without affecting spore viability. Lower concentration of minerals (1/4 MS), presence of charcoal in the medium and exposure of the spores to light were crucial for spore germination and gainetophytc development of A. evecta. Keywords:  Angiopleris evecta I King fern / spore / MS medium / bleach / light / tissue culture / sporophyte / gamctophyt
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MONASCUS FUNGI BASED ON INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION
Get PDFA molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer region has been carried out to reveal the relationship among 16 strains of Monascus spp. A primer set comprised primer ITS1 and ITS4 was used to amplify this region in which they were cloned and scqucnccd. We also compared the sequence result with M. purpureus AF458473, M.ruber AF458470, M. kaoliang AF451859, M. araneous AF458471 and M. pilosus AF451856 and one outgroup species Thermoascus crustaceus U18353. The result showed that 16 Monascus spp. were divided into two large clades while M. ruber AF458470 was basically separated from all those Monascus. One of the two large clades included the seven M. purpureus strains, M. purpureus AF458473, M. araneosus AF458471 and M. kaoliang AF451859. Another large cladc included the six Monascus sp. strains which typically have whitish colonies, the three M. ruber strains and M.pilosus AF451856. However, even outstanding morphological differences possessed by several white Monascus and one whitish M. purpureus strain, all Monascus strains were suggested to be very closely related with similarity >99% almost 100%. Although this ITS analysis could not discriminate cultural and morphological differentiation of Monascus strains studied, yet there is still little genetic variation within these strains. Key words : Molecular genetics/Monascus spp./fung
SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES PRODUCED BY EUPENICILLIUM JAVANICUM AND ASPERGILLUS NIGER NRRL 337 ON PALM OIL FACTORY WASTES
Get PDFThe use of palm kernel cake (PKC) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), substances from palm oil factory wastes, for monogastric is limited by their high cellulose and mannan contents. Hydrolytic enzymes have been supplemented to increase the nutrient digestibility. The maximal digestibility was obtained in the synergistic action of all enzyme components including B-D-endoglucanase (CMCase), B-D-glucosidase, B-D-mannanase, p-D-mannosidase, and oc-D-galactosidase. Two kinds of enzymes produced by Eupenicillium javanicum and Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 on the submerged culture containing 3% coconut meal were selected to hydrolyze PKC or dry POME. Enzyme from E. javanicum contained higher CMCase, B-D-mannanase, and a-D-galactosidase activities, while that from A. niger NRRL 337 contained more p-D-glucosidase and p-D-mannosidase activities. Saccharification (hydrolytic) activities of enzyme mixtures on PKC and POME were determined at pH 5.0, the optimal pH for p-D-mannanase from E. javanicum, and at 5.4 the optimal pH for a-D-galactosidase from E. javanicum and P-D-glucosidase from A. niger NRRL 337. The enzyme proportions of E. javanicum and A. niger NRRL 337 were 100 : 0, 80 : 20, 60 : 40, 40 : 60, and 0 : 100%. The highest Saccharification activity on both substrates was observed on the mixture of 80% A. niger NRRL 337. The pH levels did not significantly affect Saccharification activity. Fiber components in PKC were more digestable than in POME. Further analysis on the reducing sugar components using thin layer chromatography showed that more monomers were produced in the 60 or 80% of A. niger NRRL 337. The glycosidases of A. niger NRRL 337 played more important role in the Saccharification activity. Keywords:       Synergistic activity/ palm kernel cake/palm oil mill effluent/ Eupenicillium javanicum/ Aspergillus niger NRRL 33
THE LIGHT GRADIENTS INSIDE SOYBEAN LEAVES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE CURVATURE FACTOR OF THE LIGHT RESPONSE CURVES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Get PDFABSTRACT Light gradients within leaves are not included in the model of Farquhar, although a steep light gradient does exist within leaves. For a bifacial leaf, the model shows good agreement with measured data, but for an isobilateral leaf the model may underestimate photosynthesis measured by conventional gas exchange. Isobilateral leaves easily developed when plants were grown in growth chambers where some light were reflected from the growth chamber metal base onto the lower surface of the leaves during growth, resulting in adjustment of the photosynthetic capacity inside the leaves. This could also happen in the field when canopy is very sparse and lower surface of leaves was exposed to reflected light from soil surface. Complications occurred when fitting the light response curves of the electron transport rate, due to the interaction between the quantum yield of electron transport (a2) and the curvature factor (Θ). It is suspected that there may be an interaction with the light gradient within the leaf. This manuscript discusses the effect of a light gradient inside a soybean leaf on the estimation of Θ. It is shown in the manuscript how the light curves of the isobilateral leaves (at different degree) responded when measured using conventional gas exchange and how it affected the estimation of Θ and the electron transport capacity, Jmax. An experiment was conducted to prove the hypothesis that this “out of ordinary†estimate of Θ (and hence Jmax) was due to the unmatched distribution of photosynthetic capacity with distribution of absorbed light.  Keywords : light gradient / photosynthetic capacity (Jmax) / curvature factor (Θ) / gas exchange  Â
KARYOMORPHOLOGY OF THE PHILIPPINE ROCK GOBY, Glossogobius giuris (GOBIIDAE) FROM LAKE TAAL AND SOME RIVERS OF CAVITE, LUZON ISLAND
Get PDFThe karyomorphology of Glossogobius giuris (Gobiidae) obtained from Lake Taal and some rivers of Cavite in Luzon Island, Philippines was described. Metaphase chromosome analysis (colchicine-sodium citrate-Carnoy\u27s fixation-Giemsa staining procedures) of the hematopoitetic cells in the anterior kidneys revealed that the diploid chromosome number was 2n=46 (46A). Fundamental Number (FN) is also 46, since all chromosomal morphology were acrocentrics without any distinguishable heteromorphic pair of chromosomes in the metaphase spreads from both dry and wet preparations. This study confirms previous reports on the chromosomal sets of G. giuris from India. Keywords : Philippines / Lake Taal / Genetics / Karyomorphology / Glossogobius giuri
IDENTIFICATION OF OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS FOR DETERMINING PELAGIC TUNA FISHING GROUND IN THE NORTH PAPUA WATERS USING MULTI-SENSOR SATELLITE DATA
Get PDFThe North Papua waters as one of the important fishing grounds in the world contribute approximately 75% of world production of pelagic tunas. These fishing grounds are still determined by hunting method. This method is time consuming and costly. However, in many areas determination of fishing ground using satellited data lias been applied by detecting the important oceanographic parameter of the presence of fish schooling such as, sea surface temperature and chlorophyl. Mostly these parameters are used integratedly. The aim of this study is to assess the important oceanographic parameters detected from multi-sensor satellites (NOAA/AVHRR, Seawifs and Topex Poisedon) for determining fishing ground of pelagic tunas in the North Papua waters at east season. The parameters include Sea Surface Temperature (STT), chlorophyl-a and currents. The availability of data from optic sensor (Seawifs: chl-a and AVHRR: Thermal) is limited by the presence of cloud cover. In that case, Topex Poseidon satellite data can be used to provide the currents data. The integration of data from multi-sensors increases the availability of the oceanographic parameters for prediction of the potential fishing zones in the study area. Key words :Â Â Identification, oceanographic parameter, sea surface-temperature, chlorophyl-a, multi sensors, pelagic tuna, North Papua-water
CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE BENZOATE DEGRADING ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE ENVIRONMENT
Get PDFThree anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, DS-1, DS-4 and Cas-13, have been examinated for themorphological and physiological properties. All strains were rod-shape cells with a swollen terminal endGram negative, motile, non-halophilic, non-alkalophilic and non-acidophilic, and capable of utilizinbenzoate aerobically and photo-anaerobically. Sequence analysis of part of 16S rRNA genes showed that DS1 and Cas-13 were closely related to Rhodopseudomonas palustris Strain 7 with a similarity of 97%, whereaDS-4 may not be closely related to the former two strains with a similarity of 78% based on the constructephylogenic tree. Spectral analysis indicated that the three bacteria had bacteriochlorophyl a and normaspirilloxanthin series. Growth in medium enriched with vitamin and supplemented with benzoate as their sole C-sources wabetter than in medium without vitamin. Benzoate degradation in medium with vitamin was accelerated. Thability to grow on benzoate without added vitamins indicated that the bacteria were able to synthesize theown vitamins. Key words: anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria/ benzoate degradation/ 16S rRNA gene
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODY TO RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DETECTION OF BACTERIAL WILT
Get PDFThe serological assay for the detection of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum RSwas able to provide information regarding the presence of the pathogen in plant materials Theresearch is was aimed to develop polyclonal antibody PAb for RS detection Bacterial wholecells of RS isolates mixed with glutaraldehyde were used to immunize New Zealand femalewhite rabbit The titre of antibody in culture supernatant was 1 1024 The PAb developed froma ground nut RS isolates reacted with infected plant samples from various locations It was ableto detect RS antigen of crude extract and pure cultures from tomato and potato plant samples45 using dot blot ELISA however the minimum detectable concentration of RS antigen was 10cellsml The PAb obtained in this study is sensitive enough to detect RS isolates in routineserological assayKey words Bacterial wilt Ralstonia solanacearum antibody dot blot ELIS