BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
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6 – BENZYLAMINOPURINE INDUCES HIGH-FREQUENCY MULTIPLICATION IN VULNERABLE Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham.: A POTENTIAL EX VIVO CONSERVATION TOOL
No full textA rapid high-frequency multiplication protocol is designed for Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, an endemic species to the Western Ghats of India. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Taxa mentions this species as vulnerable due to multiple underlying causes. The Plant is extensively used in traditional and tribal medicine. The species has suffered habitat loss due to uncontrolled use for tribal medicine leading to a 30% loss in the last decade. This study is planned with a specific objective to conserve the species, and this is the first-ever report of micropropagation of Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham using in vitro multiplication. An efficient rapid protocol for Micropropagation is developed using rhizome bud explants. The explants are transferred from MS basal medium onto the MS medium fortified with BAP, KN, TDZ at a varying concentration range. The maximum shoot induction is observed in MS medium enriched with BAP 2mg L-1resulting in 9.66 ±2.08 number of shoots per explant with a shoot length of 6.40 ±0.36cm. The root induction response is studied by aseptically transferring the shoots onto MS medium fortified with NAA, IBA, and IAA at varying concentration. Maximum root length and root number is recorded in MS supplemented with 1- Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) at 0.5 mg L-1. However, a 100 % root induction frequency is observed in all the samples under study. The rooted plantlets are removed from the culture flasks and transferred into hardening media containing 1:1:1 ratio of Sand: Soil: Cocopeat. The hardened plants are healthy and disease-free and showed a 92% survival after acclimatization
OPTIMIZATION OF KINETIN CONCENTRATIONS AND MEDIUM COMPOSITIONS FOR CITRUS SHOOT MULTIPLICATION FROM COTILEDONARY NODE
Get PDFPlant regeneration post-genetic transformation play an important an role in genome editing activities that should be optimized via several factors such as the composition of the medium and the concentration of plant growth regulators. This study aimed to optimize the kinetin concentrations and medium compositions for shoot multiplication originating from cotyledon node explants of several local citrus cultivars. The cotyledonary nodes from three citrus cultivars (Batu 55, Siam Madu, and Proksi-1 Agrihorti) were incubated in MS medium with Morel and Wetmore vitamins (VMW) supplemented with several kinetin concentrations (0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and 1 mg/L). The best kinetin concentrations for number of shoots variable were then combined with MT medium. The results showed that kinetin concentration at 0.8 mg/L gave the best number of shoot in Batu 55 cultivar as well as 1 mg/L concentration in Siam Madu and Proksi-1 Agrihorti cultivars. The combination 1 mg/L kinetin with Murashige and Tucker (MT) medium showed the best number of shoots, percentage of shoot formation, number of leaves, number of nodes, and shoot length in this study. This medium composition could be further used for shoot multiplication in genetic transformation in those three citrus cultivars, including genome editing activities in development of new improved citrus varieties
ENHANCEMENT OF TOMATO GROWTH AND BIOCONTROL OF FUSARIUM SOLANI ROOT ROT DISEASE BY STREPTOMYCES ROCHEI BT02
Get PDFThis study investigated the dual role of Streptomyces rochei BT02 in promoting tomato growth and suppressing Fusarium solani, the causative agent of tomato root rot disease. Various assays were conducted to evaluate the plant growth-promoting attributes of strain BT02 including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, biofilm formation, and siderophore production. Under in vitro conditions, strain BT02 exhibited plant growth-promoting characteristics such as cellulose degradation, phosphate solubilization, IAA synthesis, biofilm formation, and siderophore production. Application of strain BT02 significantly improved tomato seed germination (26.7%), with enhanced sprout and radicle lengths and seed vigor (38.6%). Greenhouse experiments revealed substantial increases in plant height, leaf and branch numbers, inflorescence, and flower number, emphasizing the positive impact of strain BT02 on overall plant growth. The BT02 strain demonstrated antagonistic efficacy of 45.3 to 58.9% against Fusarium solani, as evidenced by the dual culture and agar well diffusion methods. Under greenhouse conditions, strain BT02 significantly reduced disease incidence and demonstrated control efficacy of 41.6% against Fusarium solani, highlighting its biocontrol potential. This study provides insights into the mechanisms employed by Streptomyces rochei BT02 to enhance plant growth and suppress root rot disease, paving the way for its application as a biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture
DISTRIBUTION OF THE THALLOID LIVERWORT GENUS MARCHANTIA (MARCHANTIACEAE) IN NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA
Get PDFARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- The survey method was successful in identifying the species Marchantia and mapping their distribution in North Sumatra- Eight taxa of Marchantia confirmed in North Sumatra, M. emarginata subsp. cuneiloba has the most widely distributed species. - Species distribution linked to environmental factors like elevation, humidity, rainfall, soil types, slope, solar intensity, and types of land coverABSTRACTMarchantia is one of the large genus complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiophyta). The species of Marchantia has a wide distribution throughout the world, and occupies a variety of substrates. Studies on the presence and distribution of Marchantia species are still limited in North Sumatra. Therefore, the research was carried out to inventory the species of Marchantia and map their distribution in North Sumatra. Survey method was used to inventory the species of Marchantia, covering 9 locations, namely: Aek Nauli Forest, Bukit Barisan National Forest Park, Bukit Lawang, Resort Cinta Raja, Dolok Tinggi Raja Nature Reserve, Sibayak Mountain, Sicike-cike Natural Park, Silima-lima waterfall, and Taman Eden 100 Natural Park. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the distribution of the species. The results showed that there were eight taxa of Marchantia confirmed in North Sumatra, namely, M. acaulis, M. emarginata subsp. emarginata, M. emarginata subsp. cuneiloba, M. geminata, M. paleacea subsp. paleacea, M. polymorpha, M. treubii, and Marchantia sp. The most widely distributed species of Marchantia is M. emarginata subsp. cuneiloba, found in 7 study locations. Species with the least distribution are M. treubii and Marchantia sp., each species found only in one location. Marchantia spp. in North Sumatra spread at an altitude of 77 to 1976 m alt, occupying habitats with 6 types of soil (orthic acrisol, humic andosol, humic acrisol, and humic cambisol), with rainfall of 1800-3600 mm/year. Marchantia species are found on sloping plains to steep, in various habitat, namely secondary forest, primary and secondary forest borders, dryland farming, primary and plantation borders, and plantations. The results of this study are important for the conservation of Marchantia spp. in North Sumatra considering the many benefits of the species
A NEW RECORD OF THE CREEPING CUCUMBER, Melothria pendula L. (Cucurbitaceae) FROM HALMAHERA, NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA
Get PDFArticle Highlights- Botanical inventory in Halmahera island, North Maluku has found the species Melothria pendula for the first time.- In Indonesia, the species Melothria pendula is previously known only from Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Lesser Sunda Island.- DNA barcodes for the species Melothria pendula from Indonesia firstly deposited in NCBI GenBank.
AbstractThis study was conducted to explore Melothria pendula on Halmahera Island. Previously, the species is known to occur in Bali, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Java (Indonesia), Malay Peninsula, Sabah (Malaysia), as well as the Philippines. Results of this study improved insights into the current knowledge about geographic distribution of Melothria. Moreover, the description of the species, habitat, critical taxonomic notes, color plates, distribution map, and DNA barcode were also presented in this study
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROBING AND CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY FOR GENDER DETERMINATION IN RETICULATED PYTHONS (Malayopython reticulatus)
Get PDFArticle Highlights- Accurate gender identification supports effective breeding programs and ensures snakes\u27 welfare.- This study emphasizes that probing is more reliable and efficient than contrast radiography for gender determination in reticulated pythons.- The probing method proved to have 100% accuracy in determining the gender of reticulated pythons, outperforming contrast radiography, which only achieved 75% accuracy.
AbstractReticulated pythons, like most snakes, do not exhibit noticeable sexual differences, which makes gender determination necessary. Probing and contrast radiography were chosen as methods to determine sex and to compare their accuracy. Six reticulated pythons with body lengths of 128-167 cm, tail lengths of 5.4-9.6 cm, and body diameters of 1.4-3.4 cm were examined twice by probing and contrast radiography. The results showed that probing had 100% accuracy, with probe lengths ranging from 1.37-3.60 cm for male snakes and 0.3-0.76 cm for female snakes. Contrast radiography had 75% accuracy, with the hemipenis appearing as a white silhouette and female snakes appearing colorless. The accuracy rates highlight the effectiveness of probing over contrast radiography for reliable gender determination in reticulated python
ANTIMALARIAL MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY TRADITIONAL HEALERS IN BENGKULU PROVINCE OF INDONESIA
Get PDFArticle Highlights- This research provides information on the use of medicinal plants for treating malaria among ethnic groups in Bengkulu Province.- This research was part of RISTOJA (Research on Medicinal Plants), national research conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.- Several compounds found in medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the Bengkulu Province have been scientifically proven to be effective as antimalarial medication.AbstractMalaria is a disease with a high mortality rate and is still a significant problem in Indonesia and globally. One of the provinces in Indonesia that uses a diversity of medicinal plants to treat malaria is Bengkulu Province. This research aims to inventory and evaluate the use of medicinal plants as malaria drugs in Bengkulu Province. The research methods used were observation, interviews, and the collection of samples. Respondents were traditional healers from seven ethnic groups in Bengkulu. Plant species, use value (UV) parameters, fidelity level (FL), family use value (FUV), relative frequency of citation (RFC), and plant parts value (PPV) were analyzed. This study found 32 specific herbal concoctions and identified the use of 47 plant species in 28 families used by 20 healers in 6 ethnic groups of Bengkulu. The species Carica papaya, Peronema canescens, and Tinospora crispa have the highest use value, fidelity level, and relative frequency of citation. The Lamiaceae and Caricaceae families have the highest family use value (0.15). The leaves (43.9%) and barks (13.6%) were the most frequently utilized parts of medicinal plants to overcome malaria. Decoction was the method most widely used by traditional healers in Bengkulu to prepare conventional medicine formula
ENDEMISM AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF TREE SPECIES OF FRESHWATER SWAMP FOREST, PERAK TENGAH, MALAYSIA
No full textARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS- Approximately 3,364 tree individuals with a diameter at breast height (dbh) of 10.0 cm and above were assessed in the Perak Tengah freshwater swamp forest. - The study has recognised 58 species identified are new to Perak.- 72 tree species are listed as endemic, and 194 species are listed in the Red List of Threatened Species by The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).- This study mphasize the need to preserve ecology and mitigate threats.
ABSTRACTThe forests of Peninsular Malaysia have long been recognized as a significant home of endemic species. The purpose of this study was to assess the endemism and conservation status of tree species present in the Perak Tengah freshwater swamp forest. A total of 150 plots (20 m × 20 m) were established in the study area using a random sampling design. Approximately 3,364 tree individuals with diameter at breast height (dbh) of 10.0 cm and above were enumerated in all plots. In the study area, 58 species identified are new to Perak, 72 tree species are listed as endemic, and 194 species are listed in the Red List of Threatened Species by IUCN. Thus, it is crucial to preserve the ecology and lessen the impact of threats in the Perak Tengah freshwater swamp forest, which is home to numerous endemic and endangered species
COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION OF DIFFERENT RAINFOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA
Get PDFARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- High demand for environmental services makes the park vulnerable to human activities.- Both ecosystems are well regenerated; seedling > sapling > pole > tree (inverted J)- Both ecosystems show normal diversity conditions and stable species distribution.- Growth of Maesopsis eminii needs monitoring to preserve forest purity.- Montane forests have greater biomass, carbon stocks, less anthropogenic disturbanceABSTRACTThe Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) area is one of the vital ecosystems that support the environment in West Java Province, Indonesia. It is a unique area that has multiple forest ecosystems, including lowland rainforest and montane rainforest ecosystems. Despite the GGPNP’s status as a conservation area, the high demand for the GGPNP’s environmental services makes the region vulnerable to disturbances from human activities. Several studies have been conducted in the GGPNP area (lowland and montane forest ecosystems), however, the results of this study are still necessary to explain the forest dynamics and forest carbon sequestration in this location. The objective of this research was to analyze the structure, composition, and carbon sequestration of stands in the lowland and montane rainforest ecosystems in the GGPNP area. Data processing and analyses were conducted using diversity indices, biomass-carbon stock estimation, and carbon dioxide sequestration estimation. The results showed that the GGPNP lowland and montane rainforest ecosystems were well regenerated. The number of seedlings > saplings > poles > trees and the graph showed a reverse “J” pattern. The GGPNP lowland rainforest ecosystem was dominated by Neonauclea lanceolata and had relatively higher species diversity. The GGPNP montane rainforest ecosystem was dominated by Castanopsis acuminatissima with a higher individual density, denser canopy, and more complex canopy strata. The lack of regeneration in several species of trees heightens the threat to these species’ existence in the future. Biomass, carbon stocks, and carbon sequestration in the GGPNP montane rainforest were greater than those in the GGPNP lowland rainforest. The GGPNP montane rainforest ecosystem had older forest stands, a larger average tree diameter, and lower potential for anthropogenic disturbances
A REVIEW OF MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS
Get PDFArticle Highlights- Marine Natural Products have been the most favorable source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery research.- Many biologically active chemicals with antioxidant properties can be found in the marine environment.- A systematic review on potential source of antioxidants linked to marine natural products was carried out.- Algae, fungi, sponges, mollusks, and sea cucumbers were found to be abundant sources of antioxidants.- Integrate these discoveries into practical applications for enhancing human health and well-being.
AbstractSeveral diseases have been linked to oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the creation of the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to their distinct metabolic makeup and wide range of biological adaptations, marine organisms have attracted interest as possible sources of new antioxidants. This systematic review aims to evaluate the antioxidant potential of marine natural products. To find relevant research published between 2002 and 2022, a thorough search strategy based on the PRISMA standards was used across databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Mendeley, and Science Direct. A total of 18 studies were extracted and included in the review. The results consistently showed that marine natural compounds had vigorous antioxidant activity. Algae, fungi, sponges, mollusks, and sea cucumbers were shown to be abundant sources of antioxidants in marine environments. Flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, and carotenoids are only a few types of marine natural products that have been discovered to possess strong antioxidant properties. This systematic review provides compelling evidence for the antioxidant potential of marine natural products. The research validates their potential as sources of novel antioxidants with various bioactive properties. Unlocking the full potential of marine natural products and integrating these discoveries into practical applications for enhancing human health and well-being calls for further research