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Food Security and Crises: Analyses of Disruptions in Food Systems
Full text linkFood security remains a critically important issue, addressing one of the most fundamental human needs and characterized by a challenging cyclical pattern. Despite significant advances, each time stability seems within reach, new crises emerge to undermine progress. However, the efforts to enhance food security yield remarkable benefits, lifting millions of families from malnutrition and ensuring their daily access to sufficient and nutritious food. The importance of these efforts cannot be overstated, especially in light of recurrent crises. The COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine have escalated global challenges, contributing to a significant increase in undernourishment worldwide. In 2022, there were approximately 120 million more undernourished individuals than in 2019. Including both moderate and severe food insecurity, there is a surplus of almost half a billion people compared to 2019 (FAO et al., 2023). In 2024, amidst strong uncertainties in economic, geopolitical, and climate prospects, it's critical, without resorting to pessimism, to analyze the interplay between crises and food security. Such analyses can be vital not only to enhance our understanding and address current challenges but also to build greater resilience against future shocks
„What Affects the Entrepreneurial Intention?” – Understanding and Analysing Factors of Entrepreneurial Intention of Nascent Entrepreneurs Influenced by Family Business Background
Full text linkIt is not easy to identify a single research gap for an article-based doctoral dissertation, as each paper aims to address a different research problem. In addition, the articles in an article-based dissertation are written and published at different times. At the same time, the focus of this research stream changes several times during the completion of the doctoral programme. In some cases, what was considered a significant research gap in the past may be satisfactorily addressed a few years later. The purpose of my dissertation is to fill a research gap by developing a framework of the phenomenon of entrepreneurial intention that examines the relationship between family business background and specific factors of entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial motivation
Előre a szocialista úton? A Kínai Kommunista Párt hegemón diskurzusának változatai Dengtől Xiig
Full text linkA modern kínai politika manapság elsősorban Kína gazdasági jelentősége miatt kerül előtérbe, az
azonban az ázsiai fejlesztőállamokkal kapcsolatos tapasztalatok birtokában is kuriózumnak számít, hogy a Kínai Népköztársaság 1949-es kikiáltása óta a kommunista párt vezetése alatt áll. A Népköztársaság megalakulását és a fennállásának első 25 évét leginkább Mao Zedong 毛泽东1 diktatórikus uralmával szokás jellemezni, amelynek az alapjául szolgáló, a marxizmus-leninizmust a kínai helyzetre alkalmazó Mao Zedong-i eszme (Mao Zedong sixiang 毛泽东思想) a mai napig megtalálható a kínai alkotmányban és a Kínai Kommunista Párt (KKP) alapszabályában. A KKP lényegében Mao Zedong eszméjének és a marxista hagyomány örököseként definiálja magát.
A Kínai Népköztársaság egyúttal mára a bruttó hazai össztermék (GDP) nominális értéke alapján a világ második legnagyobb gazdaságává nőtte ki magát, valamint a bruttó világtermékhez (vásárlóerő-paritáson) a legnagyobb arányban hozzájáruló gazdasággal rendelkező országgá vált.2 Kína páratlan gazdasági fejlődése az 1978-ban bevezetett, Deng Xiaoping 邓小平 nevéhez köthető reformpolitikával indult el. Deng „reform és nyitás” programjának köszönhetően „szocialista piacgazdaság” néven egy határozottan kapitalista jegyeket mutató gazdasági rendszer bontakozott ki a népköztársaságban. Ennek megfelelően 1978 után fokozatos politikai reformra került sor, amelynek keretei között a KKP forradalmi pártból „modernizációs párttá” (Zhang 2008), majd a századfordulóra „kormányzó párttá” (Fewsmith 2021; Vogel 2018; Joseph 2014) alakult át. Ezek alapján a kínai kommunizmus atyja, Mao Zedong szellemi öröksége és politikai munkássága, valamint a Kína jelene közötti folytonosság megkérdőjelezhetőnek tűnik. Felmerül tehát, hogy hogyan lehetséges, hogy a gazdasági rendszer szubsztanciális változása, a termelési feltételek átfogó átalakítása, valamint az egyre jelentősebb világpiaci jelenlét ellenére a kínai politikai berendezkedés szocialista maradt? Hogyan őrizte meg – és őrzi a mai napig – e változó viszonyok között a legitimitását a Kínai Kommunista Párt?
E kérdések a posztszocializmus történelmi tapasztalata felől közelítve persze rögtön egy a fortiori tisztázandó problémát implikálnak: ti., hogy egyáltalán beszélhetünk-e szocializmusról a kortárs Kína esetében? A kínai szocializmus sajátossága, hogy a fennálló rendszer és a társadalmi célokat szervező vízió eltávolodik egymástól, a hétköznapi politikai gyakorlatot elsősorban az aktuális körülmények befolyásolják, a rendszer fokozatosan levetkőzi a létező szocialista rendszerek jegyeit; ugyanakkor a társadalmi folyamatok hosszú távú célkitűzéseit továbbra is a szocializmusból vezetik le. Arif Dirlik (1989) a Kínai Népköztársaság jellemzésére a posztszocializmus fogalmát javasolja, amely értelmezésében a szocializmus egy sajátos állapotára utal abban a történeti helyzetben, amelyben a szocializmus politikai metaelmélete háttérbe szorul; a ténylegesen létező szocializmusban a fejlődés lehetősége a kapitalista világrend feltételeihez és igényeihez való alkalmazkodásban3 artikulálódik; a szocializmus betagozódik a nemzeti kontextusba; ugyanakkor az államvezetés továbbra is fenntartja azt az ideológiai premisszát, hogy a reformfolyamat nem kapitalista restaurációhoz vezet. Ez az állapot alapvetően posztkapitalista, vagyis rendszerszintű törekvések jellemzik a kapitalista fejlődés korábbi (különösen a fejlődő országok köréből származó) tapasztalatok alapján beazonosított tökéletlenségeinek kijavítására és negatív hatásainak ellensúlyozására. Nem hagyhatjuk figyelmen kívül továbbá, hogy a kínai rendszer továbbra is őrzi a létező szocializmus keretrendszerének bizonyos jegyeit – a mezőgazdasági földterület a vidéki kollektívák, a városi földterület pedig az állam kizárólagos tulajdona; az állam monopolizálta az erőforrások kitermelését és elosztását; az állami tulajdonú vállalatok dominálnak a kulcsfontosságú stratégiai ágazatokban (távközlés, kőolajkitermelés, légi közlekedés, autóipar; energiaipar; vasút, hajózás) (Csanádi 2016); a bankrendszer állami tulajdonban van, a jüan árfolyamáról meghozott döntések az ország szuverén döntései (Amin 2016) – végső soron ezek a maradványok megőrzik a szocialista átalakulás lehetőségét (Amin 2016; Arrighi 2008; Dirlik 1989). Ennek megfelelően a disszertációm arra az alapvetésre épül, hogy a kínai rendszer posztszocializmusként jellemezhető
Promoting Gender Equality Through Gender-responsive Public Procurement
Full text linkThis thesis explores the potential of gender-responsive public procurement (GRPP) as a strategic tool to promote gender equality and empower women-owned businesses (WOBs) across public and intergovernmental sectors. Through four interconnected studies, the research examines the evolution of gender-related themes in procurement literature, the applicability of short supply chains (SSCs) in public procurement, the role of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) in advancing GRPP, and the barriers and opportunities for WOBs in public procurement systems. Using a mixed-methods approach, including literature reviews, semi-structured interviews, and case studies, the thesis identifies systemic challenges such as limited access to resources, complex procurement processes, and sectoral segregation that hinder WOB participation. It also highlights innovative strategies like e-procurement, certification, supplier diversity programs, and goal-based approaches to foster inclusivity. Key findings reveal that while GRPP holds significant potential to address gender disparities, its implementation remains uneven, with structural barriers and fragmented policies limiting its effectiveness. The research emphasizes the importance of capacity-building initiatives, transparent procurement frameworks, and stakeholder collaboration to create an inclusive ecosystem for WOBs. By integrating gender considerations into procurement practices, the public sectors can leverage their purchasing power to advance gender equality, promote supplier diversity, and contribute to sustainable development goals. This thesis contributes to the growing body of literature on GRPP by providing actionable insights and practical recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers aiming to create equitable and inclusive procurement systems worldwide
Understanding hybrid regimes: How are they maintained and operated?
Full text linkWhile there have been periods of autocratization before, the
current crisis of democracy—or, as it is often called, the “third wave of autocratization (Lührmann & Lindberg, 2019)— has some important characteristics setting it apart from previous ones. Likewise, while autocracies have always been around throughout human history, hybrid regimes that are gaining ground today systematically differ from “classical” autocracies. First, current episodes of autocratization tend to be subtle and gradual. Coups and overt election frauds are much less frequent than they used to be in the 20th century (Bermeo, 2016). Rather, in the majority of cases, democratically elected politicians
purposefully dismantle democratic institutions, sometimes with
relatively broad popular support (Diamond, 2021). Second, the
emerging hybrid regimes tend to maintain a democratic façade, as they claim to be the true champions of the people (Guriev & Treisman, 2022). While these regimes limit citizens' freedoms and political rights, they typically refrain from overt repression and violence. These aspects have important implications and pose significant challenges to research (I will come back to this point later). The global crisis of democracy has also become a pivotal issue in public and political discourse in many countries over the past years. In a similar vein, it has become one of the most researched topics in the social sciences and in particular, in political science. In spite of the large volume of research conducted in this area, much remains to be explored
Zöld címke – A környezetbarát viselkedés pszichológiai hátterének és ösztönzésének vizsgálata magyar mintán [védés előtt]
Full text linkJelen kutatás három szempontból is újszerű a témában végzett korábbi vizsgálatokhoz képest. Egyrészt, a környezetvédelmi címkézéssel kapcsolatos felmérések kivétel nélkül Nyugat-Európában, az Egyesült Államokban, illetve Kínában készültek (Cornelissen et al., 2007; Cornelissen et al., 2008; Eby et al., 2019; Jin & Oh, 2025; Lacasse, 2016; Van der Werff et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2021), míg Kelet-Közép-Európában, így Magyarországon sem végeztek kutatásokat a témában. Mivel a régió teljesen eltérő történelmi, gazdasági és politikai háttérrel rendelkezik, ezért korántsem triviális, hogy a más országokban kapott eredmények itt is megállják a helyüket.
Másrészt, a módszerrel kapcsolatos korábbi vizsgálatok során jellemzően kísérleti manipulációval érték el, hogy a vizsgálati személyek a környezetbarát megoldást válasszák vagy környezettudatosnak érezzék magukat, majd ezután alkalmazták a környezetvédelmi címkézést (pl.: Cornelissen et al., 2007; Jin & Oh, 2025; Lacasse, 2016, Van der Werff et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2021). Én ezzel szemben konkrét, specifikus, az egyének által a múltban valóban gyakorolt környezetbarát cselekedetekkel kapcsolatban alkalmaztam az eszközt (hazai termék fogyasztás és energiatakarékosság) annak érdekében, hogy a kutatás során levont tanulságok minél inkább alkalmazhatók legyenek a gyakorlatban is.
Harmadrészt, a környezetvédelmi címkézés hatékonyságának tesztelése mellett a kommunikációs eszköz potenciális célcsoportját is azonosítani kívántam, szintén a kutatás gyakorlat-orientáltságát szem előtt tartva. Mivel empirikus kutatások alapján a címkézés a mérsékelt erősségű értékek és attitűdök esetében tud különösen hatékony lenni (Carrico et al., 2015; Eby et al., 2019; Van Vugt, 2001), ezért a társadalom olyan szegmenseit kívántam azonosítani demográfiai és politikai dimenziók mentén, amelyek nem utasítják el a klímaváltozással kapcsolatos törekvéseket, de az átlagosnál alacsonyabb környezetvédelmi elkötelezettséggel bírnak, illetve közel áll hozzájuk címkézés tárgyaként szolgáló környezetbarát cselekedet
Migration and Political Discourse: Comparing the Visegrad Group and European Union Institutional Narratives [védés előtt]
Full text linkOver the last decade, migration has been a significant topic of debate among European politicians, political parties, academics and journalists. With the mass arrival of third-country nationals to the European Union, many different arguments, proposals, and approaches to managing migration have emerged. The complex nature of the issue, coupled with the high influx of irregular arrivals, has led to intensified disagreements both within and between member states and the European Union's decision-making institutions. This study analyses the temporal and thematic alignment between the securitisation discourse of the Visegrad Group and major terrorist events and the following change in the EU-level discourse on the migration crisis, particularly the European Council, Council of the EU, and European Commission. In addition, the study evaluates the consistency of communication among European Union institutions. Furthermore, the study considers three interrelated frameworks to examine these dynamics: securitisation, agenda setting and the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). Additionally, this study contributes to the academic literature by analysing the collective response of the Visegrad Group and the shift in the discourse of the European Council, Council of the EU and European Commission. Our analysis shows that the Visegrad Group's communication focused predominantly on security rather than humanitarian issues. Also, this study suggests that the high politics route offers a valuable framework for understanding how the securitisation narrative developed from the Visegrad Group to the European Union institutions during the migration crisis. Lastly, the European Council, Council of the EU, and European Commission demonstrated discursive alignment with the Visegrad Group's securitisation framing, particularly in late 2015 and autumn 2016
The Role of Kazakhstan in the Eurasian Economic Union Development Process: Discussing Eurasianism through the Kazakhstani External Policy Prism [védés előtt]
Full text linkWhile extensive work has been conducted on analyzing the emergence of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) as a potential competitor to the European Union, generating scientific inquiries about its structure and objectives, there is less work being done on examining whether this new economic union will remodel the economic relations within the Member-States and shape the economic landscape of the Eurasian continent. There is no doubt that unions can bring together diversified States with independent internal affairs, various foreign policy goals, and different economic indexes. The understanding of how these States with diversified characteristics can generate unique and common policies through proportionate contributions is crucial in the field of international relationships.
The theoretical framework is connected to institutionalism theories as the study concerns the creation of the EEU. Considering the prevalence of interstate dynamics, the study will also integrate discussions on small states and their strategies. For a more in-depth and comprehensive argument, it will analyze the motivations and mechanisms incentivizing the member states to join the EEU and how the concept of Eurasianism shapes their integration path and policy directions.
This research will further focus on Kazakhstan's involvement in the EEU and its impact on the country’s geopolitics, dealing with various interests due to its geographical proximity and abundant natural resources. As the competition between the Western and Eastern policies intensifies, the country encounters growing challenges in determining its geopolitical alignment.
It also attempts to investigate how Kazakhstan has emerged as the driving force behind the formation of the EEU, the origination of this idea, and the motivations behind Kazakhstan's pursuit of its foreign policy. The research is targeted at reaching a better understanding of Kazakhstan's place in the international arena and its efforts to shape regional dynamics. According to experts, Kazakhstan has the potential to elevate the power of cooperative diplomacy within the Central Asia region and to safely enter the world's geopolitical system (Supyaldiyarov et al., 2024). By examining Kazakhstan's contributions and assessing the impact of the EEU on its economic growth, this research is oriented toward the expansion of the existing scope of knowledge and the provision of a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Meanwhile, scholars emphasize that the geopolitical order in Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, has been influenced by fluctuating relations between the US and Russia (Bohr, 2004). This condition has pushed the Central-Asian States to navigate among the complexities of balancing sovereignty and the influence of stronger powers. Despite the fact that these States are exercising the solid sovereignty and freedom to remain neutral and pick their partners, the geopolitical context and strategic geographical location put them amidst overlapping interests and competing global powers (Perini, 2023).
According to the results of this study, the EEU member-states pursue specific national objectives while joining the Eurasian integration, mainly due to the limited national resources and locational disadvantage. Such activities are more typical for small states with political and economic capabilities, relying accordingly on group actions (Keohane, 1960). Thus, they utilize integration organizations to safeguard their interests and foster a collective identity in the global community.
The EEU has likely been unsuccessful from an economic point of view despite entering the Russian labor market as one of the main motivating factors for member-states to join the union. On the other hand, the current geopolitical situation related to the Russian-Ukrainian war and sanctions towards Russia inevitably impacts the volume of mutual trade within the EEU. Yet, the legal status of migrant workers inside the EEU has improved, and the benefits from the harmonization of customs and trade regulations could be considerable in the long run
Navigating the COVID-19 Crisis - Entrepreneurial Finance in the EU27: State Interventions, Zombie Firms, and Sectoral Performance
Full text linkBetween 2017 and 2023, I worked in the Corporate Lending and Underwriting Department of K&H Bank, where I dealt with financial statement analysis and loan proposals on a daily basis. A central part of my job was to conduct credit risk assessment and analyze the financial situation of companies in relation to loan applications. This gave me deep experience in assessing the financial stability and performance of companies in different industries and economic situations.
In this situation, the COVID-19 crisis significantly changed commercial banks’ credit policies and guidelines, which lead financial institutions to reevaluate their credit risk appetite and conduct a screening of affected sectors (MNB, 2020a; MNB, 2020b). During my work, I gained insight into multiple industries and concluded that the crisis impacted different sectors in varying ways.
This practical experience directly inspired my research a few years later. Furthermore, while reviewing the existing literature, I noticed a lack of empirical studies examining the impact of COVID-19 on the financial performance of companies across sectors. Given my strong quantitative orientation, I aimed to address this issue through corporates’ financial data analysis. During my doctoral studies, I had access to the ORBIS financial database, which offers extensive corporate information. This database gave me the opportunity to evaluate the main financial indicators, including revenue, profitability, debt levels and interest payment obligations. By analyzing these data, my aim is to gain a deeper understanding of how the crisis financially affected businesses.
My dissertation follows a paper-based dissertation format, meaning it consists of multiple studies that are introduced in the chapters and synthesized. My doctoral research examines the financial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on businesses
The Phoenix Effect - Rising from Crisis through Digital Collaboration: How Crisis affects Social Enterprises’ Digitalization for Value Co-Creation
Full text linkRelevance of social entrepreneurs in rural destination development is also important. It is hard for rural regions to sustain communities and attract tourists. Thus, it is often social businesses that are involved in developing innovative and creative ideas, products and services. Mottiar, Boluk, and Kline (2018) carried out interviews in rural Ireland, USA and South Africa. They identified that social business leaders are like opportunists, catalysts, network architects, and have significant impact on tourism and rural development (Mottiar, Boluk, & Kline, 2018).
Another research suggested that role of social businesses is essential for empowering women of rural regions. Like other unprivileged groups, women of rural regions can also be vulnerable social groups with high risk of social exclusion and poverty. Simultaneously, research results depicted that women don’t lag far behind men with regard to creating new business ideas and following business opportunities. Fortitude, common help and sharing of business threats and obligations, which come with social business, may empower ladies in provincial zones to enter and support in innovative activities (Vidovic, Peric, & Jozanc, 2015).
Our contemporary world also empowers digitalization which is defined as a rise in the usage
of computer or digital technology by an organization, industry or country (Brennen & Kreiss, 2016). Albeit digitalization can significantly affect entrepreneurship, there is yet restricted information about its results (Elia et al., 2020). Therefore, more studies are required to see the results of digital transformation and its connection with social businesses more obviously. Furthermore, other than digitalization, social entrepreneurship also can use the process of value co-creation (Lin et al., 2019) which is the joint creation of value by the enterprise and the customers, letting them to co-construct service experience to adjust their needs (Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004).
That is why, the theoretical positioning of this thesis is not only embed to the literature of social enterprises; but also, the phenomena of digitalization or digital transformation (hereinafter DT) and value co-creation (VCC) is the other main viewpoints to be looked at. Thus, the aim of this doctoral thesis and 3 studies in it is to investigate the relationships between digitalization and value co-creation in the context of social entrepreneurship. In the initial research, social entrepreneurship, digitalization and value co-creation – three compatible streams of literature – are connected with each other