Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Análisis de los Factores que Influyen en el Éxito de la Transferencia Tecnológica desde los Institutos Tecnológicos a las PyMEs: los Casos de España y Brasil
Get PDFThis article seeks to analyze a number of factors which may influence de process of technology transfer from technological institutes to enterprises. Taking as a reference a literature review and adding up our own knowledge regarding the subject, we have developed a model of technology transfer. This model has been applied to two samples of Spanish and Brazilian technological institutes. The main objective lies in identifying those factors that may have a greater influence on the scientific and financial success of those institutes. It has been carried out a thorough data analysis with the assistance of statistical tools such as: Bivariate Correlation Analysis, Multivariate Analysis and Multiple Regression Stepwise Method. The results show some similarities as well as differences when comparing the two samples. Our results clearly indicate that the Spanish institutes exhibit a greater experience and especialization on cooperative research with comercial companies. However, even within the same country there are different patterns of especialization: some institutes focus on their own research and others seek to satisfy the needs of companies.Este artículo analiza una serie de factores que afectan al éxito en la función de transferencia tecnológica desde los institutos especializados al sector empresarial. Teniendo como base la literatura existente y añadiendo conocimientos propios, hemos construido un modelo de Transferencia y Comercialización de Tecnología. El modelo fue aplicado a una muestra de ITs brasileños y españoles y la información obtenida fue tratada con el objetivo de identificar los factores que tienen una mayor influencia en el éxito financiero y científico. Fue realizado un riguroso análisis de los datos a través de instrumentos estadísticos como: Análisis de Correlación Bivariada; Análisis Multivariante; y el Método Stepwise de Regresión Múltiple. Los resultados obtenidos muestran similitudes y diferencias al comparar las dos muestras analizadas. De entrada, se demuestra claramente la mayor experiencia relativa y especialización de los ITs Españoles en investigación cooperativa con las empresas. Pero dentro del mismo país podemos identificar diferentes formas de actuación: unos institutos con mayor vocación científica y otros fundamentalmente direccionados a atender las necesidades de las empresas.This article seeks to analyze a number of factors which may influence de process of technology transfer from technological institutes to enterprises. Taking as a reference a literature review and adding up our own knowledge regarding the subject, we have developed a model of technology transfer. This model has been applied to two samples of Spanish and Brazilian technological institutes. The main objective lies in identifying those factors that may have a greater influence on the scientific and financial success of those institutes. It has been carried out a thorough data analysis with the assistance of statistical tools such as: Bivariate Correlation Analysis, Multivariate Analysis and Multiple Regression Stepwise Method. The results show some similarities as well as differences when comparing the two samples. Our results clearly indicate that the Spanish institutes exhibit a greater experience and especialization on cooperative research with comercial companies. However, even within the same country there are different patterns of especialization: some institutes focus on their own research and others seek to satisfy the needs of companies
Competências em Internacionalização e Inovação em Biotecnologia no Brasil
Get PDFThis paper draws on results of research carried out on Brazilian biotechnology businesses evolution, from 2001 to 2004. The study is aimed at identifying elements of international market orientation and innovation. The empirical research updates information on biotechnology companies’ in state of Minas Gerais (MG). Using clusters, or ‘local productive arrangements’ perspectives, two characteristics of enterprises are observed: 1) the building up of internationalization competences; 2) the technological innovation potentials. A detailed questionnaire was applied to entrepreneurs and executives of a 42 sample of 75 operating companies identified. Results evidenced orientation towards internationalization, export growth, intention to export, creation of competence to cope with internationalizing. As for entrepreneurial development, despite negative company growth, new entrant companies are registered with higher innovation potentials and abilities to global products. Such new entrants are receiving venture capital investments, which indicate larger volumes of financial and organizational resources.This paper draws on results of research carried out on Brazilian biotechnology businesses evolution, from 2001 to 2004. The study is aimed at identifying elements of international market orientation and innovation. The empirical research updates information on biotechnology companies’ in state of Minas Gerais (MG). Using clusters, or ‘local productive arrangements’ perspectives, two characteristics of enterprises are observed: 1) the building up of internationalization competences; 2) the technological innovation potentials. A detailed questionnaire was applied to entrepreneurs and executives of a 42 sample of 75 operating companies identified. Results evidenced orientation towards internationalization, export growth, intention to export, creation of competence to cope with internationalizing. As for entrepreneurial development, despite negative company growth, new entrant companies are registered with higher innovation potentials and abilities to global products. Such new entrants are receiving venture capital investments, which indicate larger volumes of financial and organizational resources.A evolução de empresas de biotecnologia brasileiras, no período 2001-2004 é avaliada em seu posicionamento relativo à orientação a mercados internacionais e inovação. A pesquisa realizada atualiza as informações sobre empresas de biotecnologia existentes em Minas Gerais e, através da abordagem de arranjos produtivos locais (APLs), avalia desenvolvimentos relativamente a: 1) formação de competências para internacionalização; 2) modificações em intensidade inovadora. Questionário foi aplicado a empresários e executivos em uma amostra de 42 empresas selecionadas de 75 empresas operantes, identificadas. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam orientação à internacionalização, crescimento de exportações e intenções de exportar e avanço de capacitação para atuação internacional. Quanto ao desenvolvimento empresarial, o setor teve diminuição do número de empresas no período, mas registra-se surgimento de novas entrantes, com potencial de inovação tecnológica e geração de produtos mundiais. As novas entrantes vêm sendo investidas por venture capital, o que indica maior volume de recursos financeiros e organizacionais
Transferencia tecnológica, ¿Qué podemos aprender de la experiencia internacional?
Get PDFLos procesos de transferencia tecnológica, son fundamentales en la consolidación de la innovación, entendiendo este último concepto como “la conversión de ideas en productos, procesos o servicios que tienen éxito en el mercado” (Jacob et al, 2001). Es por esto que la definición, desarrollo e implementación de estructuras e instrumentos adecuados que apoyen la transferencia de conocimiento y tecnología hacia la industria, en conjunto con condiciones del entorno económico y social, son claves en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los países o regiones en particular.Los procesos de transferencia tecnológica, son fundamentales en la consolidación de la innovación, entendiendo este último concepto como “la conversión de ideas en productos, procesos o servicios que tienen éxito en el mercado” (Jacob et al, 2001). Es por esto que la definición, desarrollo e implementación de estructuras e instrumentos adecuados que apoyen la transferencia de conocimiento y tecnología hacia la industria, en conjunto con condiciones del entorno económico y social, son claves en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los países o regiones en particular.Los procesos de transferencia tecnológica, son fundamentales en la consolidación de la innovación, entendiendo este último concepto como “la conversión de ideas en productos, procesos o servicios que tienen éxito en el mercado” (Jacob et al, 2001). Es por esto que la definición, desarrollo e implementación de estructuras e instrumentos adecuados que apoyen la transferencia de conocimiento y tecnología hacia la industria, en conjunto con condiciones del entorno económico y social, son claves en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los países o regiones en particular
Experiências de Apoio à Inovação Tecnológica Setorial
Get PDFSince 1999, Brazil has made use of an important instrument to support Science, Technology & Innovation (ST&I) which is the sector-specific funds policy that currently supports twelve sectors of the economy. Experiences that consider investment of federal research funds have been employed since the 1980´s. The Fifth Generation Project, in Japan, the Alvey Program, in the United Kingdom, and the Small Business Innovation Research Program, in the United States, are some examples found abroad. In Brazil, before the Sector Funds policy has been created the Program of Scientific and Technological Support, dedicated to improving the development of high priority sectors. This article deals with some of these important programs, showing that such experiences did not happen without a theoretical basis, since the sector-specific funds already been diffused through the economic literature, which has Nelson and Winter (1982), Dosi (1982) and Pavitt (1984) as precursory.Since 1999, Brazil has made use of an important instrument to support Science, Technology & Innovation (ST&I) which is the sector-specific funds policy that currently supports twelve sectors of the economy. Experiences that consider investment of federal research funds have been employed since the 1980´s. The Fifth Generation Project, in Japan, the Alvey Program, in the United Kingdom, and the Small Business Innovation Research Program, in the United States, are some examples found abroad. In Brazil, before the Sector Funds policy has been created the Program of Scientific and Technological Support, dedicated to improving the development of high priority sectors. This article deals with some of these important programs, showing that such experiences did not happen without a theoretical basis, since the sector-specific funds already been diffused through the economic literature, which has Nelson and Winter (1982), Dosi (1982) and Pavitt (1984) as precursory.Desde 1999, o Brasil conta com um importante instrumento de apoio à CT&I, que é a política dos Fundos Setoriais, que apóia doze setores específicos da economia.
Experiências de apoio setorial governamental têm sido aplicadas desde os anos 80. O Fifth Generation Project, do Japão, o Alvey Program, do Reino Unido e o Small Business Innovation Research Programm, dos Estados Unidos são alguns exemplos no exterior.
No Brasil, antes dos Fundos Setoriais, havia sido criado o Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, dedicado a incentivar o desenvolvimento de setores prioritários. Este artigo discorre sobre alguns desses importantes programas, mostrando que tais experiências não se deram num vácuo teórico, visto que o conceito de setorialidade já vinha sendo difundido na literatura econômica, tendo como precursores Nelson e Winter (1982), Dosi (1982) e Pavitt (1984)
Gestão do Conhecimento Tecnológico: Desafios e Oportunidades no Brasil
Get PDFTechnological innovation is today considered the highest impact component of the changes that are happening within companies. However, in spite of the technology to be recognized thoroughly as being essential to the competitiveness, technology management has been representing one of the most difficult activities among the managers\u27 attributions. This paper analyzes the behavior of companies from Minas Gerais state in relation to "importing knowledge from outside of the company". This activity focuses the external assets of the companies, which are represented by the company connections with its environment, including relationships with partners, competitors, suppliers, customers, professional associations, R&D institutes, universities and the community in general. It is presented the results of a survey based on a questionnaire sent through the internet and answered by participating companies. They show that the participating companies are attentive to the technological atmosphere in which they are inserted.Technological innovation is today considered the highest impact component of the changes that are happening within companies. However, in spite of the technology to be recognized thoroughly as being essential to the competitiveness, technology management has been representing one of the most difficult activities among the managers\u27 attributions. This paper analyzes the behavior of companies from Minas Gerais state in relation to "importing knowledge from outside of the company". This activity focuses the external assets of the companies, which are represented by the company connections with its environment, including relationships with partners, competitors, suppliers, customers, professional associations, R&D institutes, universities and the community in general. It is presented the results of a survey based on a questionnaire sent through the internet and answered by participating companies. They show that the participating companies are attentive to the technological atmosphere in which they are inserted.A inovação tecnológica é considerada hoje a componente de maior impacto nas mudanças que estão ocorrendo no âmbito das empresas. Entretanto, apesar da tecnologia ser amplamente reconhecida como sendo essencial à competitividade, a gestão da tecnologia tem representado uma das atividades mais difíceis dentre as atribuições dos gerentes. Este artigo analisa o comportamento de empresas mineiras frente à “importação de saber de fora da empresa”, que representa uma das atividades geradoras de conhecimento tecnológico propostas por Barton (1998). Esta atividade focaliza os patrimônios externos, que representam as ligações entre a empresa e seu ambiente, incluindo relações com parceiros, concorrentes, fornecedores, clientes, associações profissionais, institutos de P&D, universidades e a comunidade em geral. São apresentados os resultados de uma pesquisa onde as empresas participantes responderam a um questionário enviado através da internet. Os resultados encontrados apontam para o fato das empresas participantes estarem atentas ao ambiente tecnológico em que estão inseridas. Este fato é fundamental dado o caráter sistêmico e interativo do processo de inovação. Os resultados sinalizaram também a utilização, pelas empresas, do know how de fontes tecnológicas externas para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e processos. O trabalho representa um avanço no sentido de se conhecer um pouco da realidade das empresas brasileiras quanto aos processos geradores do conhecimento e, por conseqüência, permitir a criação de instrumentos indutores
Ética Managerial: a Ética nas Organizações Empresariais
Get PDFThe present article has for objective to present the ethics meanings, its application and importance in the enterprise organizations. Century XX was marked by deep transformations in the most diverse fields of the activity human being, also perceived in its finish a concern with the enterprise ethical behavior. Was transferred to charge it of the companies a bigger concern with the quality of its products and the way that these organizations treated its diverse public, the intern and the external one. The ethical behavior in an organization does not have to be to result only of a requirement of the market, but of spontaneous behavior. The importance that the organizations possess in the present time made with that many scholars called our time of Managerial Age, therefore its paradigm is the company, who influences the society.El siguiente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar el significado de ética, su aplicación e importancia en las organizaciones empresariales. El siglo XX estuvo marcado por profundas transformaciones en los diversos ámbitos de la actividad humana, y también se percibe hacia su final la preocupación de la empresa por su comportamiento ético. Este ha sido llevado a cabo por compañías con una implicación con la calidad de sus productos y la manera en que estas organizaciones tratan a su público interno y externo. El comportamiento ético en una organización no tiene que resultar únicamente por un requerimiento del mercado, sino de un comportamiento espontáneo. La importancia que las organizaciones hoy en día hace que muchos académicos lo llamen la Era de la Gestión, así este paradigma es la compañía, la que influencia a la sociedadO presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os significados de ética, sua aplicação e importância nas organizações empresariais. O século XX foi marcado por profundas transformações nos mais diversos campos da atividade humana, percebeu-se também em seu final uma preocupação com o comportamento ético empresarial. Passou-se a cobrar das empresas uma preocupação maior com a qualidade de seus produtos e com amaneira que estas organizações empresariais tratavam seus diversos públicos, o interno e o externo. O comportamento ético em uma organização não deve ser resultar apenas de uma exigência do mercado, mas de comportamento espontâneo. A importância que as organizações possuem na atualidade fez com que muitos estudiosos denominassem nosso tempo de Época Managerial, pois seu paradigma é a empresa, que influencia a sociedade
A Capacitação Tecnológica e o Desempenho Exportador da Indústria Brasileira de Software: O Papel dos Investimentos em P&D
Get PDFMany studies have been analyzing the export performance of Brazilian software industry. The technological capability, however, has not been well exploited by literature. The aim of this study is verify the influence of technological capability in software - products and services - export performance. In special, the role of R&D investments. To proceed the analysis 488 enterprises of the Brazilian software industries were selected from the SEPIN/MCT database. The correlation between technological capability and export performance did not seem statistically significant. Discussions about this results and the competitiveness of software industry finishes this paper.Many studies have been analyzing the export performance of Brazilian software industry. The technological capability, however, has not been well exploited by literature. The aim of this study is verify the influence of technological capability in software - products and services - export performance. In special, the role of R&D investments. To proceed the analysis 488 enterprises of the Brazilian software industries were selected from the SEPIN/MCT database. The correlation between technological capability and export performance did not seem statistically significant. Discussions about this results and the competitiveness of software industry finishes this paper.Pesquisas têm avaliado o desempenho exportador da indústria brasileira de software, ao longo da última década. O enfoque tecnológico, contudo, ainda é pouco explorado pela literatura. Este trabalho avalia a questão da influência da capacitação tecnológica, no que concerne a investimentos em P&D, sobre o desempenho exportador da indústria de software. Foram pesquisadas 488 empresas, pertencentes à base de dados da Secretaria de Política de Informática do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (SEPIN/MCT). Revelou-se que o nível de investimentos em P&D não pareceu estar significativamente correlacionado ao desempenho exportador das empresas. Discussões acerca dessa constatação e sobre as perspectivas de competitividade da indústria brasileira de software finalizam este trabalho
The Dynamic Cooperation Network as an Instrument for the Technological management and Innovation Process: The Case of the Brazilian Aeronautic Sector
Get PDFThe articulation of the Science,Technology & Innovation actors and the development of collaborative actions are essential to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of the Brazilian aeronautic process and to maintain its global competitiveness. The present paper analyzes the dynamic cooperation network model of the Brazilian aeronautic sector based on the case study executed in joint with the Industrial Promotion and Coordination Institute (IFI) – an organization responsible for the industrial support and infrastructure programs to improve the quality and the training of this sector. As a result, this work identifies some critical factors for success related to the cooperation network model for the growth of the sector competitiveness potential.La articulación entre los actores de la Ciencia, Tecnología y la Innovación, y el desarrollo de acciones en conjunto son esenciales para realizar mejoras en la eficiencia y efectividad del proceso Brasilero de aeronáutica, y para mantener su competitividad global. El siguiente trabajo analiza el modelo dinámico de cooperación en red del sector aeronáutico Brasilero basado en el estudio de caso llevado a cabo en conjunto con el Instituto de Coordinación y Promoción Industrial (IFI)- una organización responsable del apoyo e infraestructura de programas que mejoren la calidad y la capacitación en éste sector. Como resultado, éste trabajo identifica algunos factores críticos para el éxito relacionado al modelo de cooperación en red para el crecimiento del potencial competitivo del sector.The articulation of the Science, Technology &Innovation actors and the development of collaborative actions are essential to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of the Brazilian aeronautic process and to maintain its global competitiveness. The present paper analyzes the dynamic cooperation network model of the Brazilian aeronautic sector based on the case study executed in joint with the Industrial Promotion and Coordination Institute (IFI) – an organization responsible for the industrial support and infrastructure programs to improve the quality and the training of this sector. As a result, this work identifies some critical factors for success related to the cooperation network model for the growth of the sector competitiveness potential
¿Podemos Innovar en Chile en Materia Energética?
Get PDFEs una pregunta pertinente dada la coyuntura nacional en materia de energía que ha implicado replantear el modelo y políticas del sector: elevados precios que se han tenido durante el año 2005 y 2006 que aumentan los costos de la economía y que han incidido en un menor crecimiento; la crisis del gas natural que sigue presentando nuevas facetas y que tensiona las relaciones con Argentina e involucra también a Bolivia de algún modo.Es una pregunta pertinente dada la coyuntura nacional en materia de energía que ha implicado replantear el modelo y políticas del sector: elevados precios que se han tenido durante el año 2005 y 2006 que aumentan los costos de la economía y que han incidido en un menor crecimiento; la crisis del gas natural que sigue presentando nuevas facetas y que tensiona las relaciones con Argentina e involucra también a Bolivia de algún modo.Es una pregunta pertinente dada la coyuntura nacional en materia de energía que ha implicado replantear el modelo y políticas del sector: elevados precios que se han tenido durante el año 2005 y 2006 que aumentan los costos de la economía y que han incidido en un menor crecimiento; la crisis del gas natural que sigue presentando nuevas facetas y que tensiona las relaciones con Argentina e involucra también a Bolivia de algún modo
Innovación Tecnológica Forestal, Desarrollos y Desafíos Científico- Tecnológicos en Chile
No full textThis article presents an analysis compared of situation of Chile in the Forestal Technological Innovation, based in the endogenous development of new knowledge and incorporating like central line of this publication the achievements reaches on the subject of forestal biotechnology by our country.
For which, it has to use the worldwide base of references of mainstream ISI, as another references of secondary character, on the basis of an aggregate of generic terms like: Innovation, technology and biotechnology; and specific terms of the sector. Detecting the main sources of worldwide knowledge and examining its coherence and relation with the scientific and technological Chilean duty.
About this article we concluded that the great quantity of forestal resources of Chile doesn\u27t bear relation with the quantity of scientific production leagued to the innovation and technology fields and particularly the biotechnology; developed around this sector. Neither itself have relation with ties established with the principal referring worldwide and its subjects areas of development.Este artículo presenta un análisis comparado de la situación de Chile en la Innovación Tecnológica Forestal, basada en el desarrollo endógeno de nuevos conocimientos e incorporando como línea central de esta publicación los logros alcanzados en materia de biotecnología forestal por nuestro país. Para lo cual, se ha recurrido a la base mundial de referencias de corriente principal ISI, así como a otras referencias de carácter secundario, en base a un conglomerado de términos genéricos como: innovación, tecnología y biotecnología; y términos específicos del sector. Detectando las principales fuentes de conocimiento a nivel mundial y analizando su coherencia y relación con el quehacer científico y tecnológico chileno. Concluyendo que la gran cantidad de recursos forestales de Chile, no guarda relación con la cantidad de producción científica ligada a los campos de la innovación, la tecnología y en particular de la biotecnología; desarrollada en torno a este sector. Tampoco se condice con nexos establecidos con los principales referentes mundiales y sus áreas temáticas de desarrollo.This article presents an analysis compared of situation of Chile in the Forestal Technological Innovation, based in the endogenous development of new knowledge and incorporating like central line of this publication the achievements reaches on the subject of forestal biotechnology by our country.
For which, it has to use the worldwide base of references of mainstream ISI, as another references of secondary character, on the basis of an aggregate of generic terms like: Innovation, technology and biotechnology; and specific terms of the sector. Detecting the main sources of worldwide knowledge and examining its coherence and relation with the scientific and technological Chilean duty.
About this article we concluded that the great quantity of forestal resources of Chile doesn\u27t bear relation with the quantity of scientific production leagued to the innovation and technology fields and particularly the biotechnology; developed around this sector. Neither itself have relation with ties established with the principal referring worldwide and its subjects areas of development