Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
Not a member yet
1015 research outputs found
Sort by
Brazilian new patterns of an industrial, technological and foreign trade policy.
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to deepen the discussion about the unavoidable way Brazil has to go through in order to construct a modern industrial and technological policy, based on knowledge and technological innovation, which will work as a stimulator of economic development. The different theories about this subject (SCHUMPETER, 1985; PAVITT, 1998; FREEMAN, 1995; KRUGMAN, 1995; COUTINHO & FERRAZ, 1994; MATIAS-PEREIRA & KRUGLIANSKAS, 2005), so as the principles set by the Brazilian Development Ministry (“Diretrizes de Política Industrial, Tecnológica e de Comércio Exterior”), give support in the search for defining a new model of industrial, technological policy and foreign trade for the country. The strategic role of industrial policy seems to be very evident, if it takes on its co-ordination work involving the productive agents, which are responsible for crucial decisions, such as those related to investments and/or innovation, in a context of great incertitude about the consequences of their decisions in the future. Finally, the conclusion arising from this discussion demonstrates that it is crucial for the country to define a modern industrial policy, which could be able to integrate the incentive to innovation as well as to exports, in order to serve as a tool to foster development. The paper also argues that the feasibility to this policy depends on Government’s ability in supplying agents with a favorable context towards adequate regulation, purchasing policy, availability on financing facilities and fiscal incentives.El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es discutir acerca de la inevitable manera en que Brasil se ha dirigido hacia la construcción de una política moderna industrial y tecnológica, basada en el conocimiento y la innovación tecnológica, la que funciona como un estimulante para el desarrollo económico. Las distintas teorías acerca de este tema (SCHUMPETER, 1985; PAVITT, 1998; FREEMAN, 1995; KRUGMAN, 1995; COUTINHO & FERRAZ, 1994; MATIAS-PEREIRA & KRUGLIANSKAS, 2005), como también los principios declarados por el Ministerio de Desarrollo Brasilero (“Diretrizes de Política Industrial, Tecnológica e de Comércio Exterior”), apoyan la búsqueda por un nuevo modelo industrial, la política tecnológica y los tratados internacionales hechos en el país. El rol estratégico de la política tecnológica aparentemente es evidente, si se toma en su trabajo coordinado de los distintos agentes involucrados, los que son responsables de decisiones cruciales, tales como las relacionadas con la inversión y/o la innovación, en un contexto de gran incertidumbre acerca de las consecuencias de éstas decisiones en el futuro. Finalmente, la conclusión vislumbrada de ésta conclusión demuestra que es crucial para un país definir una política industrial moderna, la cual puede ser útil para integrar el incentivo a la innovación como también a las exportaciones, con el objetivo de servir como herramienta para gestar el desarrollo. Este trabajo además discute que la factibilidad de dicha política depende de una capacidad de gobierno con respecto a los agentes proveedores con un contexto favorable, apuntando a la regulación adecuada, a la política de compra disponibilidad de infraestructuras financieras y a los incentivos fiscales.The objective of this paper is to deepen the discussion about the unavoidable way Brazil has to go through in order to construct a modern industrial and technological policy, based on knowledge and technological innovation, which will work as a stimulator of economic development. The different theories about this subject (SCHUMPETER, 1985; PAVITT, 1998; FREEMAN, 1995; KRUGMAN, 1995; COUTINHO & FERRAZ, 1994; MATIAS-PEREIRA & KRUGLIANSKAS, 2005), so as the principles set by the Brazilian Development Ministry (“Diretrizes de Política Industrial, Tecnológica e de Comércio Exterior”), give support in the search for defining a new model of industrial, technological policy and foreign trade for the country. The strategic role of industrial policy seems to be very evident, if it takes on its co-ordination work involving the productive agents, which are responsible for crucial decisions, such as those related to investments and/or innovation, in a context of great incertitude about the consequences of their decisions in the future. Finally, the conclusion arising from this discussion demonstrates that it is crucial for the country to define a modern industrial policy, which could be able to integrate the incentive to innovation as well as to exports, in order to serve as a tool to foster development. The paper also argues that the feasibility to this policy depends on Government’s ability in supplying agents with a favorable context towards adequate regulation, purchasing policy, availability on financing facilities and fiscal incentives
La Gestión Tecnológica en América Latina. Un Desafío Inconcluso
Get PDFArticle in Spanish
Latin America it is inserted in an environment principally unfair that have effect in the production of science and technology, hence in the technology management. In this corner of the continent, it exist trends to compare to more industrialized countries, such as the ones of the north hemisphere (USA, Canada and European countries) in technology and innovation issues, nevertheless, the origin and the development of it depend on key factors that mark the differences. It must be consider that a well made technology management is based in the local production through State public policies, that boost the development of technology at long term and that Hill be suitable for each country reality. Good technology managers are not useful, if does not exist the necessary conditions for innovation production and development of cutting edge technology inside the country. For this, it is required tools that allow a technology platform and this way a technology.América latina se encuentra inserta en un ambiente sumamente dispar en lo que atañe a la producción de ciencia y tecnología y por ende a la gestión tecnológica de la misma. En esta parte del continente existe la tendencia a compararse con países más industrializados, sobretodo aquellos del hemisferio norte (Estados Unidos, Canadá, Europa) en materia de tecnología e innovación, sin embargo, tanto el origen como el desarrollo de estas, dependen de factores claves que marcan las diferencias según se trate de una región u otra. Hay que considerar, que una buena gestión tecnológica, se basa antes que nada en la producción local de la misma a través de políticas públicas de Estado, que fomenten el desarrollo de la tecnología a largo plazo y que sean acordes a la realidad de cada país. De nada sirve tener buenos gestores tecnológicos, si no se generan las condiciones necesarias de producción de innovación y de tecnología de frontera adentro. Para ello, se requieren herramientas que garanticen una plataforma y permitan un despegue tecnológicoAmérica latina se encuentra inserta en un ambiente sumamente dispar en lo que atañe a la producción de ciencia y tecnología y por ende a la gestión tecnológica de la misma. En esta parte del continente existe la tendencia a compararse con países más industrializados, sobretodo aquellos del hemisferio norte (Estados Unidos, Canadá, Europa) en materia de tecnología e innovación, sin embargo, tanto el origen como el desarrollo de estas, dependen de factores claves que marcan las diferencias según se trate de una región u otra. Hay que considerar, que una buena gestión tecnológica, se basa antes que nada en la producción local de la misma a través de políticas públicas de Estado, que fomenten el desarrollo de la tecnología a largo plazo y que sean acordes a la realidad de cada país. De nada sirve tener buenos gestores tecnológicos, si no se generan las condiciones necesarias de producción de innovación y de tecnología de frontera adentro. Para ello, se requieren herramientas que garanticen una plataforma y permitan un despegue tecnológic
SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research 40th Aniversary as a World Leader in Research, Consultancy and Teaching in Science, Technology and Innovation Policy
No full textThe following video shows Dr. Paul Nightingale, Senior Lecturer form Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) University of Sussex, guest lecturer in the Technology Management Master Degree Program at University of Talca dictate the seminar called "SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research 40th Aniversary as a world leader in research, consultancy and teaching in science, technology and innovation policy". The filming was made on campus Santiago of University of Talca on July 20th 2006.El siguiente video muestra al Dr. Paul Nightingale, Senior Lecturer de la unidad de investigación en políticas en ciencia y tecnología SPRU de la Universidad de Sussex en Inglaterra, profesor invitado al programa de Magíster en Gestión Tecnológica de la Universidad de Talca realiza el seminario titulado "SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research 40th Aniversary as a world leader in research, consultancy and teaching in science, technology and innovation policy". La filmación fue realizada en el campus Santiago de la Universidad de Talca el día 20 de Julio de 2006.The following video shows Dr. Paul Nightingale, Senior Lecturer form Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) University of Sussex, guest lecturer in the Technology Management Master Degree Program at University of Talca dictate the seminar called "SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research 40th Aniversary as a world leader in research, consultancy and teaching in science, technology and innovation policy". The filming was made on campus Santiago of University of Talca on July 20th 2006
Redes Informais de Mentoria no Ambiente de Incubadoras de Base Tecnológica: o Apoio ao Desenvolvimento da Carreira Empreendedora
Get PDFThis study describes the structure of the incubated entrepreneurs’ networks. More specifically, it shows the embedded mentoring relationships in the network structures as part of the entrepreneurial career development. It is a case study that involved technological based incubators of Recife - Brazil. The mentoring informal networks are analyzed in order to show the individuals relevant positions. For the mentoring functions evaluation, an instrument was built and validated. Sociograms were constructed by means of Ucinet and Netdraw. The analysis enable the identification of the actors that perform important roles to the mentoring informal networks maintenance and expansion, as well as important roles to the relationships dynamics. The findings give evidence that the entrepreneurs’ networks structures are based on mentors’ social roles diversity and on strong ties. The theoretical and practical implications for the incubated entrepreneurs’ network construction are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.El siguiente estudio describe la estructura de las redes de emprendedores incubados. Específicamente, muestra las relaciones de mentores en la estructura de red como parte del desarrollo de una carrera emprendedora. Es el estudio de caso que involucra a los incubadores de base tecnológica de Recife-Brasil. Las redes de mentoring informal son analizadas con el objetivo de mostrar las posiciones individuales relevantes. Para la evaluación de funciones del mentoring, un instrumento fue construido y validado. Sociogramas fueron construidos mediante Ucinet y Netdraw. El análisis permite la identificación de los actores que desempeñan papeles importantes en la mantención y expansión de las redes de mentoring informal, como también roles importantes en la dinámica de las relaciones. Los hallazgos muestran evidencia de que las estructuras de redes de emprendedores están basadas en la diversidad de los roles sociales de los mentores y sus estrechos lazos. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para la construcción de redes de emprendedores incubados, además se realizan sugerencias para una futura investigación.Este estudo descreve como se estruturam as redes informais dos empresários participantes das incubadoras de empresas de base tecnológica. Mais especificamente, mostra o imbricamento existente entre a estrutura das redes de relações dos empresários e os processos de mentoria buscados pelos empresários para o desenvolvimento da carreira empreendedora. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que envolveu sete incubadoras de base tecnológica do Recife - Brasil. São analisadas as interligações da rede informal de mentoria para mostrar a construção destas relações no contexto das incubadoras. Para a medição das funções da mentoria, um instrumento de medida foi construído e validado. Faz-se uso da teoria dos grafos e dos softwares Ucinet e Netdraw para o mapeamento das redes. A análise possibilitou a identificação dos atores que desempenham papéis relevantes à manutenção e expansão das redes informais de mentoria, bem como papéis relevantes à dinâmica do fluxo destas relações. Os achados mostraram que a estruturação das redes dos empresários incubados é baseada na diversidade de papéis sociais dos mentores e nos laços fortes. Com base no mapeamento destas redes, são feitas discussões teóricas e sugestões para pesquisas futuras
El Desafío de Gestionar el Conocimiento Científico
Get PDFArticle in Spanish The challenge of manage the scientific knowledge The optimal commercialization of scientific findings is an interesting issue to several technology managers and also to developers of public policies. This implies a special challenge due unfortunately to the not necessarily the good scientific ideas are translated to business. To achieve this, researchers in the future must have skills in science, technology and finances, to confront the demands and requirements projected ina a knowledge based economy.Artículo en Español
La comercialización óptima de hallazgos científicos es un tema de interés para muchos gestores tecnológicos en el mundo y también para quienes desarrollan políticas públicas. Lo anterior implica un especial desafío debido a que por desgracia, las buenas ideas científicas no necesariamente se traducen en buenos negocios. Para lograr esto, los futuros investigadores deberán tener a su disposición una mezcla de ciencia, tecnología y finanzas para afrontar las demandas y requerimientos que se proyectan en una economía basada en el conocimiento.Article in Spanish
The challenge of manage the scientific knowledge
The optimal commercialization of scientific findings is an interesting issue to several technology managers and also to developers of public policies. This implies a special challenge due unfortunately to the not necessarily the good scientific ideas are translated to business. To achieve this, researchers in the future must have skills in science, technology and finances, to confront the demands and requirements projected ina a knowledge based economy
Cooperation Agreements in Biotechnology Companies: An Advantage for the Acquisition of New Capabilities and Growth?
Get PDFCooperation agreements in biotechnology allow us to observe the complexity surrounding alliances. The market globalization, the exorbitant costs of R&D and the rapid changes in technology, are arguably amongst the principal reasons that push companies to establish cooperation agreements. Biotechnology companies use this instrument to develop external features in the search for resources and missing expertise. This paper sets out to identify if such cooperation agreements in biotechnology companies are an advantage in themselves, sufficient for the acquisition of new capabilities and if they help the growth of these companies. For this approach, a private database of companies in the two most advanced countries in this sector: United States and United Kingdom, will be used.Los acuerdos de cooperación en Biotecnología nos permiten observar la complejidad de las alianzas. La globalización del Mercado, los excesivos costos de I+D y los rápidos cambios en la tecnología, son discutiblemente las principales razones de porque las compañías son conducidas a establecer acuerdos de cooperación. Las compañías biotecnológicas usan este instrumento para desarrollar características externas en búsqueda de recursos y expertise inexistente. El siguiente documento identifica si aquellos acuerdos de cooperación son una verdadera ventaja en las compañías biotecnológicas, si éstos son suficientes para la adquisición de nuevas capacidades y si éstos son efectivamente beneficiosos para dichas compañías. Para ésta aproximación, una base de datos privada de dos de los países más avanzados en éste sector fueron consultadas: Estados Unidos y Reino Unido.Cooperation agreements in biotechnology allow us to observe the complexity surrounding alliances. The market globalization, the exorbitant costs of R&D and the rapid changes in technology, are arguably amongst the principal reasons that push companies to establish cooperation agreements. Biotechnology companies use this instrument to develop external features in the search for resources and missing expertise. This paper sets out to identify if such cooperation agreements in biotechnology companies are an advantage in themselves, sufficient for the acquisition of new capabilities and if they help the growth of these companies. For this approach, a private database of companies in the two most advanced countries in this sector: United States and United Kingdom, will be used
¿Que es la Gestión de la Innovación y la Tecnología (GInnT)?
No full textThis paper reviews the Management of Innovation and Technology (MIT) literature to identify areas, themes and questions for applying at the organization level, also a number of implications for managers. The authors analyze the concepts involved, and discussed the underpinnings of these three dimensions and their relations. It is highlighted the most interest areas of this field of knowledge and their strategic implications at micro level. A synthetic review of this information was the base to make a proposal of schemes of MIT for their application at enterprises; as well they make specific recommendations for the small and medium enterprises.This paper reviews the Management of Innovation and Technology (MIT) literature to identify areas, themes and questions for applying at the organization level, also a number of implications for managers. The authors analyze the concepts involved, and discussed the underpinnings of these three dimensions and their relations. It is highlighted the most interest areas of this field of knowledge and their strategic implications at micro level. A synthetic review of this information was the base to make a proposal of schemes of MIT for their application at enterprises; as well they make specific recommendations for the small and medium enterprises.This paper reviews the Management of Innovation and Technology (MIT) literature to identify areas, themes and questions for applying at the organization level, also a number of implications for managers. The authors analyze the concepts involved, and discussed the underpinnings of these three dimensions and their relations. It is highlighted the most interest areas of this field of knowledge and their strategic implications at micro level. A synthetic review of this information was the base to make a proposal of schemes of MIT for their application at enterprises; as well they make specific recommendations for the small and medium enterprises
O Posicionamento Competitivo Como Ferramenta de Apoio à Transferência de Tecnologias
Get PDFThe present article has as objective to verify if the concept of competitive positioning is being used for the National Center of Research of Wheat (Embrapa Wheat) in the actions of transference of the generated technologies. To reach the objective considered in this study, the procedures used for the transference of the technologies generated for the company in the period of 2002 had been analyzed the 2004. As it has supported to the documentary analysis, it was used referencial theoretician on strategical marketing and competitive positioning. Through this analysis the company was evidenced that needs to improve its abilities to absorb, of more didactic form, the information proceeding from the market and, ahead of this, it leaves to use the positioning concept as foundation for the actions of transference of the generated innovations.El siguiente artículo tiene por objetivo verificar si el concepto de posicionamiento competitivo utilizado por el Centro Nacional de Investigación del Trigo (Embrapa Wheat) en las acciones de transferencia de las tecnologías generadas. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se consideró en éste estudio, los procedimientos utilizados para la transferencia de tecnologías generadas para la compañía en el período 2002-2004. Lo que es apoyado por un análisis de documentos, que fueron empleados como referencia teorética en el marketing estratégico y el posicionamiento competitivo. A través de éste análisis la compañía evidencia la necesidad de mejorar sus habilidades de absorber, de una manera más didáctica, la información procedente desde el mercado y, mediante esto, dejar de emplear el concepto de posicionamiento como fundamento para sus acciones de transferencia de las innovaciones generadas.O presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar se o conceito de posicionamento competitivo está sendo utilizado pelo Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo (Embrapa Trigo) nas ações de transferência das tecnologias geradas. A transferência, se conceituada como um processo através do qual o cliente se apropria e se habilita a usar uma determinada tecnologia, necessita que haja um correto posicionamento, para que imprima resultados. Para atingir o objetivo proposto neste estudo, foram analisados os procedimentos utilizados para a transferência das tecnologias geradas pela empresa através do projeto que norteou as atividades da Área de Comunicação e Negócios da Embrapa Trigo no período de 2002 a 2004. Este projeto buscou promover a satisfação dos clientes da empresa através da transferência das tecnologias geradas em ações de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Como suporte à análise documental, foi utilizado referencial teórico sobre marketing estratégico e posicionamento competitivo. Através da análise constatou-se que a empresa necessita aprimorar suas habilidades para absorver, de forma mais didática, as informações provenientes do mercado e, diante disso, a empresa deixa de utilizar o conceito de posicionamento como alicerce para as ações de transferência das inovações geradas
Análisis de Eficiencia de Institutos Tecnológicos de España y Brasil: Una Aplicación del Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA)
Get PDFThe technology transfer from technological institutes to enterprises is a subject of increasing interest for the development of Innovation National Systems. For the purpose of fostering technology transfer, it becomes crucial to identify those technological institutes of relatively high performance. Likewise, it is interesting to show the characteristics of those organizations as well as the way by which they use inputs to produce the expected outputs. The DEA model constructs an efficient frontier with those observations of relatively best perfomance; it shows for each inefficient unit what are the reasons behind such a low perfomance; and finally, it determines efficiency targets for each inefficient unit. This article seeks to identify the efficiency frontier from a sample of Spanish and Brazilian technological institutes and what may be the paths to improve the current performance. Our results inform about the standard characteristics of a technological institute operating in the frontier; the priorities among production targets: and the great difference in efficiency levels within the sample. Our conclusions show that there may be a significant scope for improvement and the need of practice review in the process of technological transfer.La transferencia y comercialización de tecnología desde los Institutos Tecnológicos (ITs) a las empresas es un tema de gran interés para el desarrollo de los sistemas nacionales de innovación. La identificación de aquellos institutos que consiguen la máxima eficiencia en su papel de transferir tecnología a las empresas, las caracteristicas de estos institutos y cómo utilizan sus inputs (ej. presupuestos, investigadores, recursos para transferencia tecnológica, dotación de personal administrativo, etc.) para la consecución de unos outputs (ej. número de contratos de transferencia tecnológica, número de publicaciones, etc), resulta interesante cuando se desea impulsar el proceso de transferencia y comercialización de tecnologia de un sector, una región o un país. La evaluación DEA construye una frontera de eficiencia con aquellas observaciones de mayor rendimiento relativo. La técnica de “Análisis Envolvente de Datos” (DEA) localiza en la curva-frontera únicamente los ITs que exhiben los niveles más altos de productividad; muestra para cada IT juzgado como ineficiente las razones de ese status; y finalmente, produce una serie de objetivos que permitirían reconducir las situaciones de bajo rendimiento. El artículo pretende mostrar una visión clara de cuales son los ITs españoles y brasileños considerados eficientes y que actuaciones pueden llevarse a cabo para invertir la situación y reducir las bolsas de ineficiencia identificadas en el sector. Los resultados informan de las características de ITs representativos de la eficiencia técnica e identifican prioridades alternativas entre objetivos. Asimismo, los resultados muestran una amplia heterogeneidad en niveles de eficiencia entre ITs y por consiguiente, un significativo ámbito de mejora y de revisión de actividades.The technology transfer from technological institutes to enterprises is a subject of increasing interest for the development of Innovation National Systems. For the purpose of fostering technology transfer, it becomes crucial to identify those technological institutes of relatively high performance. Likewise, it is interesting to show the characteristics of those organizations as well as the way by which they use inputs to produce the expected outputs. The DEA model constructs an efficient frontier with those observations of relatively best perfomance; it shows for each inefficient unit what are the reasons behind such a low perfomance; and finally, it determines efficiency targets for each inefficient unit. This article seeks to identify the efficiency frontier from a sample of Spanish and Brazilian technological institutes and what may be the paths to improve the current performance. Our results inform about the standard characteristics of a technological institute operating in the frontier; the priorities among production targets: and the great difference in efficiency levels within the sample. Our conclusions show that there may be a significant scope for improvement and the need of practice review in the process of technological transfer
The communities of practice in an innovative enterprise.
No full textThe emergence of the Web has brought proximity and favored partnership among different groups viewing to cooperate in the generation of knowledge and in the process of innovation. Among the organizational forms of cooperation, the communities of practice (COPs) have been notable as a propitious activity for joining work groups aiming at creating and sharing knowledge as well as problem solving (Wenger et al., 2002). For some authors, communities of practice have always been part of the informal structure of any organization. However, IT has made it possible to exchange knowledge and ideas at an unprecedented pace. The aim of this paper is to analyze the formation and performance of communities of practice as a tool for enterprise innovation. The methodology used in this paper is based on a case study of a multinational company whose performance as an innovative enterprise has been outstanding.La aparición de la Web ha traído la proximidad y ha favorecido la asociación entre diferentes grupos, en vista de cooperar en la generación de conocimiento y el proceso de innovación. Entre las formas de cooperación organizacional, las comunidades de práctica (COPs) han sido notorias como una actividad propicia para unir a grupos que apuntan a la creación y repartición de conocimiento, como también para resolver problemas en conjunto (Wenger et al., 2002). Para algunos autores, las comunidades de práctica tienen siempre una parte de estructura informal de cualquier organización. Sin embargo, las TICs han hecho posible el intercambio de conocimiento e ideas como anteriormente no ocurría. El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es analizar la formación y el desempeño de las comunidades de práctica como una herramienta de innovación empresarial. La metodología empleada está basada en un estudio de casos de una compañía multinacional cuyo desempeño como empresa innovativa ha sido exitoso.The emergence of the Web has brought proximity and favored partnership among different groups viewing to cooperate in the generation of knowledge and in the process of innovation. Among the organizational forms of cooperation, the communities of practice (COPs) have been notable as a propitious activity for joining work groups aiming at creating and sharing knowledge as well as problem solving (Wenger et al., 2002). For some authors, communities of practice have always been part of the informal structure of any organization. However, IT has made it possible to exchange knowledge and ideas at an unprecedented pace. The aim of this paper is to analyze the formation and performance of communities of practice as a tool for enterprise innovation. The methodology used in this paper is based on a case study of a multinational company whose performance as an innovative enterprise has been outstanding