Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment of Oleaginous Crops for Biodiesel Production in Brazil
No full textSocio-environmental impact assessments were carried out on oleaginous crops for biodiesel production under the context of expanding demand in five regions of Brazil. The study brought together representatives of the main interest groups in Delphi-type workshops. Major impacts are related with increases in demand for inputs, resources, and energy, with potential risks on water quality and habitat conservation. In some instances, management practices may improve soil quality, favoring habitats recovery. Crop intensification is expected to bring important contributions for farmer capacitation, income generation and sources diversity, as well as improved management and administration. Institutional especially designed local productive arrangements offer the best options for fostering sustainable development and avoiding environmental degradation risks, under the scenario of expanding demand on oleaginous crops for biodiesel production.La evaluación de impacto socio-ambiental se llevó a cabo con respecto a la producción de cultivos oleaginosos destinados a biodiesel bajo el contexto de expandir la demanda en cinco regiones de Brasil. El estudio vincula los representativos de los principales grupos de interés en talleres del tipo Delphi. Impactos mayores están relacionados con los incrementos en la demanda para los ingresos, recursos y energía, con riesgo potencial en la calidad del agua y la conservación de hábitat. En algunas instancias, las prácticas de gestión pueden mejorar la calidad de los suelos, favoreciendo la recuperación de los hábitats. La intensificación de los cultivos se espera brinden importantes contribuciones para la capacitación de los granjeros, generación de ingresos y fuentes de diversidad, como también una mejora en la gestión y la administración. Acuerdos de producción local institucional especialmente diseñados ofrecen las mejores opciones para el impulso del desarrollo sustentable evitando los riesgos de degradación ambiental, bajo éste escenario de expansión de la demanda de cultivos oleaginosos para la producción de biodiesel.Socio-environmental impact assessments were carried out on oleaginous crops for biodiesel production under the context of expanding demand in five regions of Brazil. The study brought together representatives of the main interest groups in Delphi-type workshops. Major impacts are related with increases in demand for inputs, resources, and energy, with potential risks on water quality and habitat conservation. In some instances, management practices may improve soil quality, favoring habitats recovery. Crop intensification is expected to bring important contributions for farmer capacitation, income generation and sources diversity, as well as improved management and administration. Institutional especially designed local productive arrangements offer the best options for fostering sustainable development and avoiding environmental degradation risks, under the scenario of expanding demand on oleaginous crops for biodiesel production
Grid Information Technology as a New Technological Tool for e-Science, Healthcare and Life Science
Get PDFNowadays, scientific projects require collaborative environments and powerful computing resources capable of handling huge quantities of data, which gives rise to e-Science. These requirements are evident in the need to optimise time and efforts in activities to do with health. When e-Science focuses on the collaborative handling of all the information generated in clinical medicine and health, e-Health is the result. Scientists are taking increasing interest in an emerging technology – Grid Information Technology – that may offer a solution to their current needs. The current work aims to survey how e-Science is using this technology all around the world. We also argue that the technology may provide an ideal solution for the new challenges facing e-Health and Life Science.Hoy en día, los proyectos científicos requieren poderosos recursos de computación capaces de manejar grandes cantidades de datos, los cuales han dado paso a la ciencia electrónica (e-ciencia). Estos requerimientos se hacen evidentes en la necesidad de optimizar tiempo y esfuerzos en actividades relacionadas con la salud. Cuando la e-ciencia se enfoca en el manejo colaborativo de toda la información generada en la medicina clínica y la salud, da como resultado la salud electrónica (e-salud). Los científicos se han interesado cada vez más y más en una tecnología emergente, como lo es la Tecnología de información en red, la que puede ofrecer solución a sus necesidades cotidianas. El siguiente trabajo apunta a examinar como la e-ciencia es empleada en el mundo. También se discute que la tecnología puede proveer una solución ideal para encarar nuevos desafíos en e-salud y Ciencias de la Vida.Nowadays, scientific projects require collaborative environments and powerful computing resources capable of handling huge quantities of data, which gives rise to e-Science. These requirements are evident in the need to optimise time and efforts in activities to do with health. When e-Science focuses on the collaborative handling of all the information generated in clinical medicine and health, e-Health is the result. Scientists are taking increasing interest in an emerging technology – Grid Information Technology – that may offer a solution to their current needs. The current work aims to survey how e-Science is using this technology all around the world. We also argue that the technology may provide an ideal solution for the new challenges facing e-Health and Life Science
The Innovators’s Social Network
Get PDFThe concept of innovation has evolved significantly over the last decade. It now appears that inherent successful innovation can be explained by the influence of the social networks and social capital. Originally based on tangible forms of capital and the necessity of technology pull and push, innovation management is now integrated in a larger system. The innovator’s social network contains knowledge and information obtained from multiple connections in the social capital embedded in organisational and Inter-organisational network. This study shows the impact of inter-organisational, personal and business network in different sectors. The impact of the different networks on start-ups and mature companies, and how this is related to different performance levels in mature companies, is also outlined.The concept of innovation has evolved significantly over the last decade. It now appears that inherent successful innovation can be explained by the influence of the social networks and social capital. Originally based on tangible forms of capital and the necessity of technology pull and push, innovation management is now integrated in a larger system. The innovator’s social network contains knowledge and information obtained from multiple connections in the social capital embedded in organisational and Inter-organisational network. This study shows the impact of inter-organisational, personal and business network in different sectors. The impact of the different networks on start-ups and mature companies, and how this is related to different performance levels in mature companies, is also outlined.The concept of innovation has evolved significantly over the last decade. It now appears that inherent successful innovation can be explained by the influence of the social networks and social capital. Originally based on tangible forms of capital and the necessity of technology pull and push, innovation management is now integrated in a larger system. The innovator’s social network contains knowledge and information obtained from multiple connections in the social capital embedded in organisational and Inter-organisational network. This study shows the impact of inter-organisational, personal and business network in different sectors. The impact of the different networks on start-ups and mature companies, and how this is related to different performance levels in mature companies, is also outlined
A Model of Organizational Trajectories to Innovation Management
Get PDFThe multiple-case study research in three industrial companies - located in Brazil- about organizational changing, comparing cases of lean production system implementation, revealed a suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of organizational innovation.
The model tries to account for both continuous changes and discontinuities in organizational innovation. Continuous changes are related to secondary innovation, which doesn’t break an organizational paradigm, while discontinuities are associated with a new trajectory, since a primary innovation adopted by the whole organization.
Then, the innovative lean process associated with secondary innovation was inadequate to change the organizational trajectory and it explains the cyclical decisions. On the other hand, the lean production system related to primary innovation, assumes the role as a new trajectory, influencing changes in total organization.
The greatest difference found in the companies for innovative diffusion process, was the aspect of spread the organizational principles or a simple set of management’s tools.La investigación de un estudio de caso múltiple en tres compañías industriales, localizadas en Brasil, acerca del cambio organizacional, compara los casos del sistema de implementación de producción limpia, revelando la interpretación sugestiva de determinantes y direcciones de la innovación organizacional.
El modelo intenta contabilizar cambios y discontinuidades en la innovación organizacional. Cambios continuos son relacionados a innovación secundaria, lo que no rompe con el paradigma organizacional, mientras las discontinuidades están asociadas a una nueva trayectoria, desde la adopción de la innovación primaria por el total de la organización.
Así, el proceso innovativo asociado con la innovación secundaria fue inadecuado para cambiar la trayectoria organizacional y explica las decisiones cíclicas. Por otro lado, el sistema de producción esta relacionado a la innovación primaria, y se asume que tiene un rol en la nueva trayectoria, influenciando cambios en el total de la organización. La gran diferencia encontrada en las compañías destinadas a procesos de difusión innovativa, fue el aspecto de la diseminación de los principios organizacionales o el simple grupo de herramientas de gestión.The multiple-case study research in three industrial companies - located in Brazil- about organizational changing, comparing cases of lean production system implementation, revealed a suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of organizational innovation.
The model tries to account for both continuous changes and discontinuities in organizational innovation. Continuous changes are related to secondary innovation, which doesn’t break an organizational paradigm, while discontinuities are associated with a new trajectory, since a primary innovation adopted by the whole organization.
Then, the innovative lean process associated with secondary innovation was inadequate to change the organizational trajectory and it explains the cyclical decisions. On the other hand, the lean production system related to primary innovation, assumes the role as a new trajectory, influencing changes in total organization.
The greatest difference found in the companies for innovative diffusion process, was the aspect of spread the organizational principles or a simple set of management’s tools
Utilização de Resíduos Agro-Industriais em Processos Biotecnológicos como Perspectiva de Redução do Impacto Ambiental
Get PDFThe increasing concern about the environment has been mobilizing some market segments. Several governmental bodies and industries are preparing to apply an environment policy that diminishes the negative impacts to the nature. The industrial residue, after being generated, needs an adjusted destination, since, beyond creating potential environment problems, the residues represent losses of raw materials and energy, demanding significant investments in the pollution controlling treatments. The food industry produces a series of residues of high value of (re)utilization. Many works study the residues bioutilization such as the crushed sugar cane for protein enrichment of animal ration. In this work it will be presented a study of a possible usage of the crushed sugar cane for the production of Spirulina with satisfactory protein increment results when compared with other results gotten in literature.The increasing concern about the environment has been mobilizing some market segments. Several governmental bodies and industries are preparing to apply an environment policy that diminishes the negative impacts to the nature. The industrial residue, after being generated, needs an adjusted destination, since, beyond creating potential environment problems, the residues represent losses of raw materials and energy, demanding significant investments in the pollution controlling treatments. The food industry produces a series of residues of high value of (re)utilization. Many works study the residues bioutilization such as the crushed sugar cane for protein enrichment of animal ration. In this work it will be presented a study of a possible usage of the crushed sugar cane for the production of Spirulina with satisfactory protein increment results when compared with other results gotten in literature.A crescente preocupação com o meio ambiente vem mobilizando vários segmentos do mercado. Inúmeros órgãos governamentais e indústrias estão se preparando para aplicar uma política ambiental que diminua os impactos negativos à natureza. O resíduo industrial, depois de gerado, necessita de destino adequado, pois, além de criar potenciais problemas ambientais, os resíduos representam perdas de matérias-primas e energia, exigindo investimentos significativos em tratamentos para controlar a poluição. A indústria de alimentos produz uma série de resíduos de alto valor de (re)utilização. Muitos trabalhos estudam a bioutilização de resíduos tais como o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para enriquecimento protéico de ração animal. Neste trabalho será apresentado um estudo sobre a possível utilização do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para produção de Spirulina com resultados de incremento protéico bastantes satisfatórios quando comparados com outros resultados obtidos na literatura
La Insoportable Levedad de la Innovación
Get PDFHace casi un año y medio aproximadamente publicamos en Internet un proyecto tendiente a difundir en tres idiomas literatura asociada a la gestión de la tecnología y la innovación. Al principio invitamos a publicar a nuestros amigos, colegas y profesores. Luego este proyecto comenzó a tener forma, surgieron las primeras propuestas, se implementaron mejoras, se crearon secciones y poco a poco se fueron sumando editores comprometidos a trabajar y difundir una disciplina considerada clave y emergente en todos los sistemas nacionales de innovación: La Gestión Tecnológica.Hace casi un año y medio aproximadamente publicamos en Internet un proyecto tendiente a difundir en tres idiomas literatura asociada a la gestión de la tecnología y la innovación. Al principio invitamos a publicar a nuestros amigos, colegas y profesores. Luego este proyecto comenzó a tener forma, surgieron las primeras propuestas, se implementaron mejoras, se crearon secciones y poco a poco se fueron sumando editores comprometidos a trabajar y difundir una disciplina considerada clave y emergente en todos los sistemas nacionales de innovación: La Gestión Tecnológica.Hace casi un año y medio aproximadamente publicamos en Internet un proyecto tendiente a difundir en tres idiomas literatura asociada a la gestión de la tecnología y la innovación. Al principio invitamos a publicar a nuestros amigos, colegas y profesores. Luego este proyecto comenzó a tener forma, surgieron las primeras propuestas, se implementaron mejoras, se crearon secciones y poco a poco se fueron sumando editores comprometidos a trabajar y difundir una disciplina considerada clave y emergente en todos los sistemas nacionales de innovación: La Gestión Tecnológica
Food Processing Innovation: A Case Study with Pressurized Passion Fruit Juice
Get PDFTropical fruit juice production shows an annual increase in volume of 15 to 20% in Brazil. Growing demand for processed fruit pulp arouses juice industry interest to search for novel technologies. High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) is an innovative technology which allows juice production with improved sensory characteristics compared to pasteurization, meeting consumer demands for fresh-like foods. Despite recognized advantages of pressurized products described in the literature, a positive consumer attitude towards them is required to guarantee their success in today’s competitive global market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of packaging attributes on consumer expected liking and purchase intention of passion fruit juice. One hundred and twenty consumers evaluated twelve prototypes for expected liking and purchase intention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Conjoint and Cluster Analyses. Results showed that information about benefits of used technology (HHP) presented on the package played an important role on consumer attitude, suggesting a positive contribution to his/her satisfaction, a key point for the food industry.Tropical fruit juice production shows an annual increase in volume of 15 to 20% in Brazil. Growing demand for processed fruit pulp arouses juice industry interest to search for novel technologies. High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) is an innovative technology which allows juice production with improved sensory characteristics compared to pasteurization, meeting consumer demands for fresh-like foods. Despite recognized advantages of pressurized products described in the literature, a positive consumer attitude towards them is required to guarantee their success in today’s competitive global market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of packaging attributes on consumer expected liking and purchase intention of passion fruit juice. One hundred and twenty consumers evaluated twelve prototypes for expected liking and purchase intention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Conjoint and Cluster Analyses. Results showed that information about benefits of used technology (HHP) presented on the package played an important role on consumer attitude, suggesting a positive contribution to his/her satisfaction, a key point for the food industry.Tropical fruit juice production shows an annual increase in volume of 15 to 20% in Brazil. Growing demand for processed fruit pulp arouses juice industry interest to search for novel technologies. High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) is an innovative technology which allows juice production with improved sensory characteristics compared to pasteurization, meeting consumer demands for fresh-like foods. Despite recognized advantages of pressurized products described in the literature, a positive consumer attitude towards them is required to guarantee their success in today’s competitive global market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of packaging attributes on consumer expected liking and purchase intention of passion fruit juice. One hundred and twenty consumers evaluated twelve prototypes for expected liking and purchase intention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Conjoint and Cluster Analyses. Results showed that information about benefits of used technology (HHP) presented on the package played an important role on consumer attitude, suggesting a positive contribution to his/her satisfaction, a key point for the food industry
Traditional Knowledge and Access to Genetic Resources Critical Elements towards a National Policy and Legislation for Chile
Get PDFTraditional knowledge, hereinafter TK, is a broad concept that is deeply rooted in the life of billions of people, especially within the indigenous communities that have developed it either in the North or in the South. TK has multiple manifestations in several fields, from medicinal uses of plants and herbs, to artistic creations. Bio-prospective activities during the 90 have brought the TK problematic to the international fora: the indigenous communities, South Governments, NGO’s and some other groups have complained against the everlasting misappropriation of TK. Since genetic resources are scarce in the North, TK has been reaching increasing value for transnational companies and Universities research groups who have turned their interest to it as a critical source of their R+D projects to advance their business and academic agendas. This work addresses the problematic of TK as well as the Access to Genetic Resources and the benefit Sharing derived from it (hereinafter ABS). It intends to contribute to clarify some still obscure issues for Chile and to show some valuable international experiences to advance in the process of drafting a national strategy, policy and legislation to regulate the issues surrounding TK and AGR. The work calls for a collaborative approach between the main stakeholders to better achieve huge humanity challenges as fighting hunger and catastrophic diseases. The first part addresses the main concerns about TK from an international legal perspective, explaining different views and issues, some of them quite controversial. The second part brings up an interesting new approach to align conflicting interest in the international world, the so-called public-private partnership. The third part is an attempt to provide guidance to decision makers in Chile and eventually some other developing countries on how to face such a process having in mind the fulfillment of the principles and objectives surrounding TK and ABS. The work ends with some conclusions and thoughts regarding the matter.Traditional knowledge, hereinafter TK, is a broad concept that is deeply rooted in the life of billions of people, especially within the indigenous communities that have developed it either in the North or in the South. TK has multiple manifestations in several fields, from medicinal uses of plants and herbs, to artistic creations. Bio-prospective activities during the 90 have brought the TK problematic to the international fora: the indigenous communities, South Governments, NGO’s and some other groups have complained against the everlasting misappropriation of TK. Since genetic resources are scarce in the North, TK has been reaching increasing value for transnational companies and Universities research groups who have turned their interest to it as a critical source of their R+D projects to advance their business and academic agendas. This work addresses the problematic of TK as well as the Access to Genetic Resources and the benefit Sharing derived from it (hereinafter ABS). It intends to contribute to clarify some still obscure issues for Chile and to show some valuable international experiences to advance in the process of drafting a national strategy, policy and legislation to regulate the issues surrounding TK and AGR. The work calls for a collaborative approach between the main stakeholders to better achieve huge humanity challenges as fighting hunger and catastrophic diseases. The first part addresses the main concerns about TK from an international legal perspective, explaining different views and issues, some of them quite controversial. The second part brings up an interesting new approach to align conflicting interest in the international world, the so-called public-private partnership. The third part is an attempt to provide guidance to decision makers in Chile and eventually some other developing countries on how to face such a process having in mind the fulfillment of the principles and objectives surrounding TK and ABS. The work ends with some conclusions and thoughts regarding the matter.Traditional knowledge, hereinafter TK, is a broad concept that is deeply rooted in the life of billions of people, especially within the indigenous communities that have developed it either in the North or in the South. TK has multiple manifestations in several fields, from medicinal uses of plants and herbs, to artistic creations. Bio-prospective activities during the 90 have brought the TK problematic to the international fora: the indigenous communities, South Governments, NGO’s and some other groups have complained against the everlasting misappropriation of TK. Since genetic resources are scarce in the North, TK has been reaching increasing value for transnational companies and Universities research groups who have turned their interest to it as a critical source of their R+D projects to advance their business and academic agendas. This work addresses the problematic of TK as well as the Access to Genetic Resources and the benefit Sharing derived from it (hereinafter ABS). It intends to contribute to clarify some still obscure issues for Chile and to show some valuable international experiences to advance in the process of drafting a national strategy, policy and legislation to regulate the issues surrounding TK and AGR. The work calls for a collaborative approach between the main stakeholders to better achieve huge humanity challenges as fighting hunger and catastrophic diseases. The first part addresses the main concerns about TK from an international legal perspective, explaining different views and issues, some of them quite controversial. The second part brings up an interesting new approach to align conflicting interest in the international world, the so-called public-private partnership. The third part is an attempt to provide guidance to decision makers in Chile and eventually some other developing countries on how to face such a process having in mind the fulfillment of the principles and objectives surrounding TK and ABS. The work ends with some conclusions and thoughts regarding the matter
Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analyses (PLSA) in Bibliometric Analysis for Technology Forecasting
Get PDFDue to the availability of internet-based abstract services and patent databases, bibliometric analysis has become one of key technology forecasting approaches. Recently, latent semantic analysis (LSA) has been applied to improve the accuracy in document clustering. In this paper, a new LSA method, probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) which uses probabilistic methods and algebra to search latent space in the corpus is further applied in document clustering. The results show that PLSA is more accurate than LSA and the improved iteration method proposed by authors can simplify the computing process and improve the computing efficiencyDebido a la disponibilidad de servicios abstractos de internet y bases de datos de patentes, un análisis bibliométrico se ha transformado en una aproximación clave de sondeo de tecnologías. Recientemente, el Análisis Semántico Latente (LSA) ha sido aplicado para mejorar la precisión en el clustering de documentos. En el siguiente trabajo se muestra, un nuevo método LSA, el Análisis Semántico Probabilística Latente (PLSA), que utiliza métodos probabilísticas y álgebra para buscar espacio latente en el cuerpo generado por el clustering de documentos. Los resultados demuestran que PLSA es más preciso que LSA y mejora el método de iteración propuesto por autores que simplifican los procesos de computación y mejoran la eficiencia de cómputo.Due to the availability of internet-based abstract services and patent databases, bibliometric analysis has become one of key technology forecasting approaches. Recently, latent semantic analysis (LSA) has been applied to improve the accuracy in document clustering. In this paper, a new LSA method, probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) which uses probabilistic methods and algebra to search latent space in the corpus is further applied in document clustering. The results show that PLSA is more accurate than LSA and the improved iteration method proposed by authors can simplify the computing process and improve the computing efficienc
A Mobile Framework for Competence Evaluation: Innovation Assessment Using Mobile Information Systems
Get PDFThe environment surrounding organizations is characterized by an increasing necessity of competent personnel but with finite competence level. From the scope of the management of those human resources, one of the most crucial aspects is to be able to measure the competence level of each professional as quickly and precisely as possible. This paper introduces a tool, based on HR-XML standard, to feed competence evaluation with data or evidences that help to fit performance evaluations to the actual performance of the employees. Mobility capabilities in performance evaluation, particularly in the innovation field, involve an inventive contribution to current Competence Management Systems that, due to their lack of flexibility, hinder the full development of the capability to include evidences wherever they may take place, whether it is at work, at client’s office or in a recruitment interview.El ambiente que rodea a las organizaciones se caracteriza por la creciente necesidad de personal competente, pero con niveles de competencia finito. Desde el punto de vista de la gestión de recursos humanos, uno de los aspectos cruciales es tener la capacidad de medir los niveles de competencia de cada profesional tan rápido y preciso sea posible. El siguiente trabajo muestra una herramienta, basada en estándares HR-XML, para alimentar la evaluación de competencias con datos o evidencias que ayuden a ajustar las evaluaciones de rendimiento real de los empleados. Las capacidades de movilidad en el desempeño de la evaluación, particularmente en el campo de la innovación, considera la contribución inventiva a los Sistemas de Gestión de Competencias comunes que, debido a su falta de flexibilidad, obstaculiza el completo desarrollo de la capacidad de incluir evidencias en el lugar donde se desarrollen, como ene. Lugar de trabajo, en la oficina del cliente o en una entrevista laboral.The environment surrounding organizations is characterized by an increasing necessity of competent personnel but with finite competence level. From the scope of the management of those human resources, one of the most crucial aspects is to be able to measure the competence level of each professional as quickly and precisely as possible. This paper introduces a tool, based on HR-XML standard, to feed competence evaluation with data or evidences that help to fit performance evaluations to the actual performance of the employees. Mobility capabilities in performance evaluation, particularly in the innovation field, involve an inventive contribution to current Competence Management Systems that, due to their lack of flexibility, hinder the full development of the capability to include evidences wherever they may take place, whether it is at work, at client’s office or in a recruitment interview