Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Interactions and Cooperation in Local Production Systems: An Analysis of Inhibiting Factors Related to Specificities of Small Enterprises
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to present some organizational and environmental factors that inhibit interactions and cooperation among several types of actors in a local production system (LPS) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To this end an exploratory study was carried out in an embryonic LPS of farming machinery and equipment factories located in West Paraná State, Brazil. The assessment of cooperation and interaction relations in the LPS led to the identification of inhibiting factors, which were correlated to specificities of the participating enterprises. Empirical evidence demonstrated that the inhibiting factors that impacted joint interactions and actions the most are of an organizational nature and strongly related to characteristics intrinsic to the size of the enterprises under consideration.The purpose of this article is to present some organizational and environmental factors that inhibit interactions and cooperation among several types of actors in a local production system (LPS) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To this end an exploratory study was carried out in an embryonic LPS of farming machinery and equipment factories located in West Paraná State, Brazil. The assessment of cooperation and interaction relations in the LPS led to the identification of inhibiting factors, which were correlated to specificities of the participating enterprises. Empirical evidence demonstrated that the inhibiting factors that impacted joint interactions and actions the most are of an organizational nature and strongly related to characteristics intrinsic to the size of the enterprises under consideration.The purpose of this article is to present some organizational and environmental factors that inhibit interactions and cooperation among several types of actors in a local production system (LPS) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To this end an exploratory study was carried out in an embryonic LPS of farming machinery and equipment factories located in West Paraná State, Brazil. The assessment of cooperation and interaction relations in the LPS led to the identification of inhibiting factors, which were correlated to specificities of the participating enterprises. Empirical evidence demonstrated that the inhibiting factors that impacted joint interactions and actions the most are of an organizational nature and strongly related to characteristics intrinsic to the size of the enterprises under consideration
Biogenéricos: Un Estudio de Vigilancia Tecnológica para el Caso de la Situación en Chile
Get PDFThe activities to know the market of a technological product must know not only the exclusively economic analyses but to consider the technological existing information. The present work was approached as a study of case for the application of some tools of technological alertness to determine the possibility of producing medicines of biotechnological base in Chile. Of the information that exist, is clear that the biogenerics in general are very sophisticated and need for the elaboration, a long period of management, of technical and clinical precise and sophisticated controls and significant amounts of investment in research and development. In Chile, 100 % of the imported biotechnological products are finished products and that does not exist exportation of biotechnological products from Chile. In Chile yet does not have sufficient technological aptitude to include all the stages that are needed to place a biotechnological product on the market.Las actividades para conocer el mercado de un producto tecnológico deben conocer no solo los análisis exclusivamente económicos sino que considerar la información tecnológica existente. El presente trabajo se abordó como un estudio de caso para la aplicación de algunas herramientas de vigilancia tecnológica para determinar la posibilidad de producir medicamentos de base biotecnológica en Chile. De la información recogida se desprende que los biogenéricos en general son muy sofisticados y requieren para su elaboración, un largo período de gestión, de controles técnicos y clínicos precisos y sofisticados y montos significativos de inversión en investigación y desarrollo. En Chile, el 100% de los biofármacos importados son productos terminados y que no existe exportación de biofármacos desde Chile. Se concluye que Chile aún no tiene suficiente capacidad tecnológica para abarcar todas las etapas que se requieren para colocar un producto biotecnológico en el mercado.Las actividades para conocer el mercado de un producto tecnológico deben conocer no solo los análisis exclusivamente económicos sino que considerar la información tecnológica existente. El presente trabajo se abordó como un estudio de caso para la aplicación de algunas herramientas de vigilancia tecnológica para determinar la posibilidad de producir medicamentos de base biotecnológica en Chile. De la información recogida se desprende que los biogenéricos en general son muy sofisticados y requieren para su elaboración, un largo período de gestión, de controles técnicos y clínicos precisos y sofisticados y montos significativos de inversión en investigación y desarrollo. En Chile, el 100% de los biofármacos importados son productos terminados y que no existe exportación de biofármacos desde Chile. Se concluye que Chile aún no tiene suficiente capacidad tecnológica para abarcar todas las etapas que se requieren para colocar un producto biotecnológico en el mercado
A Review of the Economic Construction of Innovation
No full textTheorists have employed two conflicting approaches in order to understand the economic concept of innovation: the classical theory of static equilibrium where innovation is interpreted as being exogenous to the economic system, and the dynamic equilibrium theory of endogenous technological change. Despite progress in studies and inquiries on the second model, research in and teaching of economics remain dominated by the first approach. This review discusses the differences between science, technology and innovation and implications of dynamic equilibrium theory in understanding the economy and wealth creation processes.El concepto económico de la innovación ha sido tratado desde dos enfoques antagónicos: el de la teoría clásica del equilibrio estático donde la innovación es interpretada como un elemento exógeno al sistema económico, y el de la teoría del equilibrio dinámico del cambio tecnológico endógeno. A pesar del avance en los estudios del segundo modelo, la investigación y la enseñanza de la economía continúa siendo dominada por el primer enfoque. En la presente revisión se discute las diferencias entre ciencia, tecnología e innovación, y las implicaciones de la teoría del equilibrio dinámico para entender la economía y los procesos de creación de riqueza.Theorists have employed two conflicting approaches in order to understand the economic concept of innovation: the classical theory of static equilibrium where innovation is interpreted as being exogenous to the economic system, and the dynamic equilibrium theory of endogenous technological change. Despite progress in studies and inquiries on the second model, research in and teaching of economics remain dominated by the first approach. This review discusses the differences between science, technology and innovation and implications of dynamic equilibrium theory in understanding the economy and wealth creation processes
Introduction of an Evaluation Tool to Predict the Probability of Success of Companies: The Innovativeness, Capabilities and Potential Model (ICP)
Get PDFSuccessful innovation requires management and in this paper a model to help manage the innovation process is presented. This model can be used to audit the management capability to innovate and to monitor how sales increase is related to innovativeness. The model was developed from a study of companies in the high technology cluster around Munich and validated using statistical procedures. The model was found to be effective at predicting the success or otherwise of the innovation strategy pursued by the company. The use of this model and how it can be used to identify areas for improvement are documented in this paper.Successful innovation requires management and in this paper a model to help manage the innovation process is presented. This model can be used to audit the management capability to innovate and to monitor how sales increase is related to innovativeness. The model was developed from a study of companies in the high technology cluster around Munich and validated using statistical procedures. The model was found to be effective at predicting the success or otherwise of the innovation strategy pursued by the company. The use of this model and how it can be used to identify areas for improvement are documented in this paper.Technology strategy, collaboration and competitio
Chinese Cultural Implications for ERP Implementation
Get PDFImplementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in a global environment can be fragmented due to the internal enterprise culture, which is representative of societal culture. In China, this is especially true due to the nationalistic culture of business. The way ERP systems are perceived, treated, and integrated within the business plays a critical role in the success or failure of the implementation. When a Western developed ERP system is implemented in a country where the culture differs greatly from that of the developer, implementation may require localization in order to be successful. In doing so, strategic benefits of ERP systems may be diminished. This research paper looks into the characteristics of Chinese localization by Western vendors and the implications to the Chinese enterprise. Keywords: ERP, Chinese Cultural Implications, Societal Culture, StrategyImplementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in a global environment can be fragmented due to the internal enterprise culture, which is representative of societal culture. In China, this is especially true due to the nationalistic culture of business. The way ERP systems are perceived, treated, and integrated within the business plays a critical role in the success or failure of the implementation. When a Western developed ERP system is implemented in a country where the culture differs greatly from that of the developer, implementation may require localization in order to be successful. In doing so, strategic benefits of ERP systems may be diminished. This research paper looks into the characteristics of Chinese localization by Western vendors and the implications to the Chinese enterprise.
Keywords: ERP, Chinese Cultural Implications, Societal Culture, StrategyImplementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in a global environment can be fragmented due to the internal enterprise culture, which is representative of societal culture. In China, this is especially true due to the nationalistic culture of business. The way ERP systems are perceived, treated, and integrated within the business plays a critical role in the success or failure of the implementation. When a Western developed ERP system is implemented in a country where the culture differs greatly from that of the developer, implementation may require localization in order to be successful. In doing so, strategic benefits of ERP systems may be diminished. This research paper looks into the characteristics of Chinese localization by Western vendors and the implications to the Chinese enterprise.
Keywords: ERP, Chinese Cultural Implications, Societal Culture, Strateg
Alcanzando el Éxito a través de la Sinergia entre las Tecnologías de la Información y la Cadena de Valor: El Caso de las PYME en el Cluster Minero de Antofagasta
Get PDFLa literatura sobre innovación y tecnología sugiere que las TI juegan un rol crítico para alcanzar el éxito organizacional. Otros estudios sostienen que el apoyo de las TI a la cadena del valor ha sido de gran importancia para obtener un desarrollo organizacional sostenible. Este artículo proporciona los fundamentos para determinar el nivel de apoyo de las TI al Desarrollo de las PYMEs del sector minero en Antofagasta, Chile. El instrumento de medición fue desarrollado y enviado a 107 PYMEs de la región. Los resultados demuestran que las TI contribuyen a la cadena de valor de las compañías en el nivel de apoyo, básicamente en las actividades de administración y recursos humanos. Además, este estudio sugiere que las compañías que reciben apoyo en más de una actividad primaria de la cadena de valor son escasas, sin embargo una alta proporción de las compañías no usan TI en este nivel.The innovation and technology literature suggests that Information Technology (IT) play a critical rol of achieving organizational
success. Other studies also sustain that the support of IT to the value chain has been of great importance to obtain a sustainable
organizational development. This paper provides the foundation for the assessment of the level of support of IT to the SMEs
technological development at the cooper mining industry in the Antofagasta region, Chile. An measurement instrument was developed
and sent to a 107 SMEs in the Antofagasta Region. The results show that IT contributed to the company value chain at
the support level basically at the management and Human Resources activities. Additionally, this study suggest that the companies
receiving support in more than one primary activity of the value chain are scarce however a high proportion of companies
don’t received any support at this level of the value chain.La literatura sobre innovación y tecnología sugiere que las TI juegan un rol crítico para alcanzar el éxito organizacional. Otros estudios sostienen que el apoyo de las TI a la cadena del valor ha sido de gran importancia para obtener un desarrollo organizacional sostenible.
Este artículo proporciona los fundamentos para determinar el nivel de apoyo de las TI al Desarrollo de las PYMEs del sector minero en Antofagasta, Chile. El instrumento de medición fue desarrollado y enviado a 107 PYMEs de la región. Los resultados demuestran que las TI contribuyen a la cadena de valor de las compañías en el nivel de apoyo, básicamente en las actividades de administración y recursos humanos. Además, este estudio sugiere que las compañías que reciben apoyo en más de una actividad primaria de la cadena de valor son escasas, sin embargo una alta proporción de las compañías no usan TI en este nivel
How Relevant and Useful is the Concept of National Systems of Innovation?
Get PDFThis paper aimed to provide an analytical and theoretical discussion of the national innovation systems perspective. In doing so, first, we sketched out some of the economists’ main endeavours in theorizing about the relationship between technological development and economic progress over the past several decades. Second part of the presentation was concerned with identifying and describing the driving forces behind innovations; that was, an economic actor’s desire to gain and sustain competitive advantages. In the third part of the discussion, we presented major theoretical accounts put forward by the authors of national systems of innovation focusing on the question of which institutional elements shape the behaviours and interactions of economic actors in terms of innovative performance. Then we reflected on some of the major policy implications enshrined in the study of national innovation systems.This paper aimed to provide an analytical and theoretical discussion of the national innovation systems perspective. In doing so, first, we sketched out some of the economists’ main endeavours in theorizing about the relationship between technological development and economic progress over the past several decades. Second part of the presentation was concerned with identifying and describing the driving forces behind innovations; that was, an economic actor’s desire to gain and sustain competitive advantages. In the third part of the discussion, we presented major theoretical accounts put forward by the authors of national systems of innovation focusing on the question of which institutional elements shape the behaviours and interactions of economic actors in terms of innovative performance. Then we reflected on some of the major policy implications enshrined in the study of national innovation systems.This paper aimed to provide an analytical and theoretical discussion of the national innovation systems perspective. In doing so, first, we sketched out some of the economists’ main endeavours in theorizing about the relationship between technological development and economic progress over the past several decades. Second part of the presentation was concerned with identifying and describing the driving forces behind innovations; that was, an economic actor’s desire to gain and sustain competitive advantages. In the third part of the discussion, we presented major theoretical accounts put forward by the authors of national systems of innovation focusing on the question of which institutional elements shape the behaviours and interactions of economic actors in terms of innovative performance. Then we reflected on some of the major policy implications enshrined in the study of national innovation systems
Determinants of RFID Adoption in Supply Chain among Manufacturing Companies in China: A Discriminant Analysis
Get PDFThe growth of China’s economy hinges to a large extent on the ability of the industry to operate more efficiently and effectively in the global supply chain system. China’s manufacturing companies should pay attention to adopt more efficient supply chain technologies to provide better services for their customers. China has initially carried out research and development and industrialization of technology related to RFID and begun to apply in some areas in recent years. This article studies the determinant factors of the RFID adoption by manufacturing companies in China. The population of this study is manufacturing companies in China that are registered under Federation of China Manufacturers. A questionnaire survey is conducted to study the adoption of RFID by China’s manufacturing industry. This study reveals that the environment, organization, technology and product have the impact on the adoption of RFID in China. Organization should be given strategic attention to improve employee participation in adopting RFID as a strategic tool.The growth of China’s economy hinges to a large extent on the ability of the industry to operate more efficiently and effectively in the global supply chain system. China’s manufacturing companies should pay attention to adopt more efficient supply chain technologies to provide better services for their customers. China has initially carried out research and development and industrialization of technology related to RFID and begun to apply in some areas in recent years. This article studies the determinant factors of the RFID adoption by manufacturing companies in China. The population of this study is manufacturing companies in China that are registered under Federation of China Manufacturers. A questionnaire survey is conducted to study the adoption of RFID by China’s manufacturing industry. This study reveals that the environment, organization, technology and product have the impact on the adoption of RFID in China. Organization should be given strategic attention to improve employee participation in adopting RFID as a strategic tool.The growth of China’s economy hinges to a large extent on the ability of the industry to operate more efficiently and effectively in the global supply chain system. China’s manufacturing companies should pay attention to adopt more efficient supply chain technologies to provide better services for their customers. China has initially carried out research and development and industrialization of technology related to RFID and begun to apply in some areas in recent years. This article studies the determinant factors of the RFID adoption by manufacturing companies in China. The population of this study is manufacturing companies in China that are registered under Federation of China Manufacturers. A questionnaire survey is conducted to study the adoption of RFID by China’s manufacturing industry. This study reveals that the environment, organization, technology and product have the impact on the adoption of RFID in China. Organization should be given strategic attention to improve employee participation in adopting RFID as a strategic tool
Managing Bioplastics Business Innovation in Start Up Phase
Get PDFFostering innovation in a mature company can often seem like a swim upstream—the needs of the existing business often overwhelm attempts to create something new. Mature companies understand that to compete today they need to innovate. But finding sources of innovation while still paying attention to the current business can be a struggle. Open innovation has played an important role to drive the new business in 21th century. Academic research commercialization may be challenged by the faculty members’ academic routines, institutional priorities, and faculty retention. In order to undertake applied research, university scientists must spend a certain amount of time each period to keep up with the latest scientific developments and absorb new ideas. Because almost all faculty members have teaching responsibilities, many of them fear that participation in the protection and commercialization of Intellectual Property Rights is time consuming. There are lots of basic researches focuses on polylactic acid (PLA), the most promising bioplastics, however that is still far behind the commercialization step. The close innovation system may take longer time to achieve excellence in its technology under fierce competition environment. This study illuminates the complexities and challenges involved in managing innovation toward specific results. These challenges seem to result, in part, from the multidisciplinary nature of R&D work, it associated with risks, uncertainty and non-linear processes. One of the finding in this study is that many of the factors that drive innovative bioplastic industry are derived in collaboration with technology push and demand pull. The study’s findings contribute to our understanding of consumer attitudes towards ‘Green’ products such as bioplastics. Most critical in this respect is whether such products make economic sense for a company. This study may provide some guidelines to support development of a concrete direction for PLA under open innovation atmosphere.Fostering innovation in a mature company can often seem like a swim upstream—the needs of the existing business often overwhelm attempts to create something new. Mature companies understand that to compete today they need to innovate. But finding sources of innovation while still paying attention to the current business can be a struggle. Open innovation has played an important role to drive the new business in 21th century. Academic research commercialization may be challenged by the faculty members’ academic routines, institutional priorities, and faculty retention. In order to undertake applied research, university scientists must spend a certain amount of time each period to keep up with the latest scientific developments and absorb new ideas. Because almost all faculty members have teaching responsibilities, many of them fear that participation in the protection and commercialization of Intellectual Property Rights is time consuming. There are lots of basic researches focuses on polylactic acid (PLA), the most promising bioplastics, however that is still far behind the commercialization step. The close innovation system may take longer time to achieve excellence in its technology under fierce competition environment. This study illuminates the complexities and challenges involved in managing innovation toward specific results. These challenges seem to result, in part, from the multidisciplinary nature of R&D work, it associated with risks, uncertainty and non-linear processes. One of the finding in this study is that many of the factors that drive innovative bioplastic industry are derived in collaboration with technology push and demand pull. The study’s findings contribute to our understanding of consumer attitudes towards ‘Green’ products such as bioplastics. Most critical in this respect is whether such products make economic sense for a company. This study may provide some guidelines to support development of a concrete direction for PLA under open innovation atmosphere.Fostering innovation in a mature company can often seem like a swim upstream—the needs of the existing business often overwhelm attempts to create something new. Mature companies understand that to compete today they need to innovate. But finding sources of innovation while still paying attention to the current business can be a struggle. Open innovation has played an important role to drive the new business in 21th century. Academic research commercialization may be challenged by the faculty members’ academic routines, institutional priorities, and faculty retention. In order to undertake applied research, university scientists must spend a certain amount of time each period to keep up with the latest scientific developments and absorb new ideas. Because almost all faculty members have teaching responsibilities, many of them fear that participation in the protection and commercialization of Intellectual Property Rights is time consuming. There are lots of basic researches focuses on polylactic acid (PLA), the most promising bioplastics, however that is still far behind the commercialization step. The close innovation system may take longer time to achieve excellence in its technology under fierce competition environment. This study illuminates the complexities and challenges involved in managing innovation toward specific results. These challenges seem to result, in part, from the multidisciplinary nature of R&D work, it associated with risks, uncertainty and non-linear processes. One of the finding in this study is that many of the factors that drive innovative bioplastic industry are derived in collaboration with technology push and demand pull. The study’s findings contribute to our understanding of consumer attitudes towards ‘Green’ products such as bioplastics. Most critical in this respect is whether such products make economic sense for a company. This study may provide some guidelines to support development of a concrete direction for PLA under open innovation atmosphere
Rework Impacts Evaluation Through System Dynamics Approach in Overlapped Product Development Schedule
Get PDFThis work aims to explore a novel framework to analyze the planning concepts in product development projects employing techniques to reduce the lead-time of activities, such as overlapping of a pair of each. With the System Dynamics methodology a model to evaluate the rework fraction needed to accommodate the deviations proportional to the overlapping grade of the activities. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the validity of the model. Although problems encountered during the project management are dynamic, they have been treated on a static basis, what has as result, chronic schedules delays, overruns and cost overspent persist in follow the managers’ (re)actions. In this work, we have addressed this known problem by introducing and reviewing some characteristics of the concept of rework in overlapped schedules. This consists in observe and capture the relations feedbacks among the original planned project schedule, the overlapping strategy and the inherent uncertainty in a work being done with poor information. To realize this concept, we have faced with many behaviors patterns (e.g. rework, new duration, non-conformity), and analyze the output behavior pattern, produced by the proposed model.This work aims to explore a novel framework to analyze the planning concepts in product development projects employing techniques to reduce the lead-time of activities, such as overlapping of a pair of each. With the System Dynamics methodology a model to evaluate the rework fraction needed to accommodate the deviations proportional to the overlapping grade of the activities. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the validity of the model. Although problems encountered during the project management are dynamic, they have been treated on a static basis, what has as result, chronic schedules delays, overruns and cost overspent persist in follow the managers’ (re)actions. In this work, we have addressed this known problem by introducing and reviewing some characteristics of the concept of rework in overlapped schedules. This consists in observe and capture the relations feedbacks among the original planned project schedule, the overlapping strategy and the inherent uncertainty in a work being done with poor information. To realize this concept, we have faced with many behaviors patterns (e.g. rework, new duration, non-conformity), and analyze the output behavior pattern, produced by the proposed model.This work aims to explore a novel framework to analyze the planning concepts in product development projects employing techniques to reduce the lead-time of activities, such as overlapping of a pair of each. With the System Dynamics methodology a model to evaluate the rework fraction needed to accommodate the deviations proportional to the overlapping grade of the activities. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the validity of the model. Although problems encountered during the project management are dynamic, they have been treated on a static basis, what has as result, chronic schedules delays, overruns and cost overspent persist in follow the managers’ (re)actions. In this work, we have addressed this known problem by introducing and reviewing some characteristics of the concept of rework in overlapped schedules. This consists in observe and capture the relations feedbacks among the original planned project schedule, the overlapping strategy and the inherent uncertainty in a work being done with poor information. To realize this concept, we have faced with many behaviors patterns (e.g. rework, new duration, non-conformity), and analyze the output behavior pattern, produced by the proposed model