Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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How Do Managers Control Technology-Intensive Work?
Get PDFTechnology pervades every aspect of the modern business enterprise and demands new strategies for work management. Advances in internet and computing technologies, the emergence of the “knowledge worker”, globalization, resource scarcity, and intense competition have led corporations to accomplish their strategic goals and objectives through the implementation of projects. Project success is assured by the effective use of financial and human resources, a project management (PM) framework backed by senior management, and controls spanning the PM spectrum of initiation; planning; implementation; monitoring, measurement, and control; and closing. As an essential function of management, ‘control’ may be accomplished through a PM Plan, a project-matrix organization, competent and motivated people, and appropriate management tools and techniques. A PM Plan conforming to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) framework incorporates controls for the key PM elements and, implemented properly, can assure project succes
Collaborative Environments in RD&I Institutions of the Brazilian Agricultural Sector
Get PDFResearch, development and technological innovation (RD&I) companies promote inter- and intra-organizational interactions based on the formation of research nets. This arrangement prioritizes the use of competencies of both people and institutions, stimulating the generation of new knowledge and competencies, and consequently technological innovation. The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa, responsible for knowledge generation and technological innovation in the Brazilian agricultural sector, has put a lot of effort into the establishment of a collaborative environment which allows the exchange of information, knowledge and experience among researchers and promote new knowledge, competencies and technological innovation. The present paper discusses conceptual bases and presents a model of collaborative environment established by the above-mentioned corporation in order to favor the learning and the production of innovative solutions in agricultural research nets
Aviation Industry – Mitigating Climate Change Impacts Through Technology and Policy
Get PDFThis paper reviews the challenges facing the aviation industry and what is it doing about reducing its environmental footprint. The paper concludes that aviation industry needs to look past their traditional business model and move to a model that allows them to operate in a new global business environment which puts emphasis on environmental alignment of business goals. In the interim, the aviation industry continues to explore the issues related to alternative fuels, more efficient engine technology, better traffic management and policy mechanisms (such as emissions trading and carbon offsets) with some degree of success. The paper strongly recommends the involvement of governments in establishing ground rules to help global aviation industry to mitigate climate change risks
The Co-evolution of Business Incubators and National Incubator Networks in Emerging Markets
Get PDFThe study proposes a three stage model of the development of business incubation practices in emerging markets. The model addresses the diffusion of incubation practices to new markets, the institutionalization of those practices and the co-evolution of incubators and national networks of incubation. The model is based on interviews conducted in Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Brazil. New incubators in emerging markets often face strong cultural norms and institutional impediments to helping entrepreneurs start new businesses. As incubation becomes better established in a country, incubators provide more advanced technical, legal and market-based advice. Networks of incubators form to share specialized services across many incubators, to allocate government funding to incubators, and to lobby for public and private support of innovation
Modelos de Negocio en las Empresas de Biotecnología: Análisis Comparativo entre España y los Países Líderes
No full textoai:oai.jotmi.org:article/164The new political principles of the Venezuelan educational system, which are intended to promote the community work toward an entrepreneurship education, place an emphasis on family-school-community integration, citizenship participation, empowerment of the local identity, and the promotion of the endogenous development. An ethnographic research was conducted in La Quebrada rural setting, Urdaneta County, Trujillo state, Venezuela, to analyze the educational counselor’s functions in order to apply these policies. Among the study’s foundings, the following are highlighted: The importance of community work to promote the endogenous development, the recognition of the investigator and the social promoter roles that have to be developed by the educational counselors into the communitarian context, and the encouragement of agriculture, tourism and ecotourism, as potentials for the community development. Keywords: entrepreneurship education, communitarian work, endogenous development, educational counselor, communitarian projects.En el emergente sector de la biotecnología en España, los modelos de negocio todavía no están definidos. No obstante, en un país considerado un referente para el sector como es Canadá, despuntan ya con cierta claridad dos modelos dominantes. Nuestro trabajo empírico corroborará las significativas diferencias que separan el tejido empresarial biotecnológico español de su homónimo canadiense, en la gran mayoría de variables que definen los modelos de negocio más implantados. Nuestro trabajo concluye que el sector biotecnológico español avanza por un camino distinto y divergente del marcado en Canadá, uno de los países que se sitúan a la vanguardia en esta industria.Biotechnology is still an emergent industry in Spain with no business models well defined yet. However, in Canada, a leading country for this industry, three models can be already depicted, two of them clearly dominant.
Our empirical fieldwork, based on practically the whole population of Dedicated Biotechnological Firms in Spain, is intended to figure out the significant disparities encountered in the Spanish biotechnology firms in comparison to their Canadian counterparts, in most of the indicators and variables shaping the business models. Our study concludes the Spanish biotechnological industry overwhelmingly compiles services-based companies with low to medium innovative levels. This profile diverges from the most commonly displayed by this industry in Canada
Women in Professional IT Jobs in the UK: Old Wine in New Bottles?
No full textA first aim of this article is to give a current picture of women’s employment in the IT sector in the UK, focusing on occupational sex segregation and on the gender pay gap. This shows that women’s low representation in the sector as a whole and in specific professional roles continues to be a persistent issue. We also review the literature that explains women’s position in IT employment, focusing particularly on new research that points up the importance of the ‘hybrid’ technical/soft skills jobs that employers believe are new opportunities for women. Whilst these may be new opportunities, we question whether they are good opportunities. There are implications, therefore, for both employees and employers.A first aim of this article is to give a current picture of women’s employment in the IT sector in the UK, focusing on occupational sex segregation and on the gender pay gap. This shows that women’s low representation in the sector as a whole and in specific professional roles continues to be a persistent issue. We also review the literature that explains women’s position in IT employment, focusing particularly on new research that points up the importance of the ‘hybrid’ technical/soft skills jobs that employers believe are new opportunities for women. Whilst these may be new opportunities, we question whether they are good opportunities. There are implications, therefore, for both employees and employers.A first aim of this article is to give a current picture of women’s employment in the IT sector in the UK, focusing on occupational sex segregation and on the gender pay gap. This shows that women’s low representation in the sector as a whole and in specific professional roles continues to be a persistent issue. We also review the literature that explains women’s position in IT employment, focusing particularly on new research that points up the importance of the ‘hybrid’ technical/soft skills jobs that employers believe are new opportunities for women. Whilst these may be new opportunities, we question whether they are good opportunities. There are implications, therefore, for both employees and employers
Disappearing Women: A Study on Women Who Walked Away from their ICT Careers
No full textWomen continue to leave the UK ICT sector in disproportionate numbers, yet little research has documented the processes of this phenomenon. The ‘Disappearing Women’ project, draws on ten in-depth qualitative autobiographical interviews with women who have left (disappeared) the ICT workplace, vowing never to return. The majority of existing studies, in this area, concentrate on women who remain in the ICT workplace, this study, found the ‘disappearing’ who had been overlooked and effectively silenced and allowed their voices to be heard. It is these women who once found, were able to facilitate a more in-depth understanding of why women were leaving the ICT sector, and indifferent working conditions encountered that became determining factors in leaving the ICT sector.Women continue to leave the UK ICT sector in disproportionate numbers, yet little research has documented the processes of this phenomenon. The ‘Disappearing Women’ project, draws on ten in-depth qualitative autobiographical interviews with women who have left (disappeared) the ICT workplace, vowing never to return. The majority of existing studies, in this area, concentrate on women who remain in the ICT workplace, this study, found the ‘disappearing’ who had been overlooked and effectively silenced and allowed their voices to be heard. It is these women who once found, were able to facilitate a more in-depth understanding of why women were leaving the ICT sector, and indifferent working conditions encountered that became determining factors in leaving the ICT sector.Women continue to leave the UK ICT sector in disproportionate numbers, yet little research has documented the processes of this phenomenon. The ‘Disappearing Women’ project, draws on ten in-depth qualitative autobiographical interviews with women who have left (disappeared) the ICT workplace, vowing never to return. The majority of existing studies, in this area, concentrate on women who remain in the ICT workplace, this study, found the ‘disappearing’ who had been overlooked and effectively silenced and allowed their voices to be heard. It is these women who once found, were able to facilitate a more in-depth understanding of why women were leaving the ICT sector, and indifferent working conditions encountered that became determining factors in leaving the ICT sector
Examining the Relative Influence of Risk and Control on Intention to Adopt Risky Technologies
Get PDFFor technologies such as electronic commerce, mobile payments, internet and mobile banking etc. customers are concerned about security issues that arise as a result of adoption of these technologies. However, in practice, we find that customers forgo their considerations of risk in the technology, if the benefits of using the technology overpower the risks involved in using the technology. Understanding their relative roles in technology adoption will help technology developers focus their efforts on either of them to improve technology adoption. Results of this study reveal that in adopting a technology, customers are guided more by the perception of control rather than by the perception of risk. Implications for theory and practice are discussed
The Relationship between Information and Communication Technologies and New Organizational Forms: Reference of the manufacturing industry in the area of Carabobo, Venezuela
Get PDFThe objective of the present paper is to determine the influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Organizational Performance and the configuration of the New Organizational Forms (NOF) in a group of manufacturing companies from the region of Carabobo, Venezuela. Circumscribed in a non-experimental research context, with a transactional - correlational design, a questionnaire with eight items was designed. This instrument allowed to calculate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient in order to determine the correspondence between variables. This questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 19 companies of the manufacturing industry. Finally, it was determined that a positive influence exists of the ICT on Organizational Development and the NOF; however, it is acknowledged that the correlation on the majority of the variables studied is positive but weak. This is accounted for the existence of other variables that may also have an influence on the decisions in the organizations.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar si existe influencia de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación sobre el Desempeño Organizacional y la configuración de Nuevas Formas Organizativas en un grupo de empresas seleccionadas del sector manufacturero del Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Se llevó a cabo una investigación no experimental, con un diseño transeccional correlacional, se aplicó un cuestionario de ocho afirmaciones a una muestra aleatoria de 19 empresas del sector manufacturero del Estado Carabobo, lo cual permitió el cálculo del Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson para determinar la correspondencia entre variables. Se logró determinar que existe influencia positiva de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación sobre el Desempeño Organizacional y las Formas Organizativas, aunque se reconoce que la correlación entre la mayoría de las variables estudiadas es positiva débil, lo que hace se justifica en la existencia de otras variables que inciden sobre las decisiones organizacionales.The objective of the present paper is to determine the influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Organizational Performance and the configuration of the New Organizational Forms (NOF) in a group of manufacturing companies from the region of Carabobo, Venezuela. Circumscribed in a non-experimental research context, with a transactional - correlational design, a questionnaire with eight items was designed. This instrument allowed to calculate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient in order to determine the correspondence between variables. This questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 19 companies of the manufacturing industry. Finally, it was determined that a positive influence exists of the ICT on Organizational Development and the NOF; however, it is acknowledged that the correlation on the majority of the variables studied is positive but weak. This is accounted for the existence of other variables that may also have an influence on the decisions in the organizations
R&D Personnel Career Routes: An Exploratory Study
Get PDFThis study, aiming at investigate the alternative modes of career development for personnel belonging to R&D staff, addresses the extent to which career anchors are applicable to R&D staff and to examine the relationship among career anchors, gender and age, with the final purpose to add elements of discussion to the long-lasting debate about this matter. With this purpose in mind, we developed a questionnaire survey among 309 R&D personnel employed at firms belonging to the food machinery industry in a Northern Italy district. The results obtained from the statistical analysis indicate that the R&D personnel’s career orientations is a predictor of their career routes preferences, confirming three possible career routes in R&D labs that were highlighted in previous studies.This study, aiming at investigate the alternative modes of career development for personnel belonging to R&D staff, addresses the extent to which career anchors are applicable to R&D staff and to examine the relationship among career anchors, gender and age, with the final purpose to add elements of discussion to the long-lasting debate about this matter. With this purpose in mind, we developed a questionnaire survey among 309 R&D personnel employed at firms belonging to the food machinery industry in a Northern Italy district. The results obtained from the statistical analysis indicate that the R&D personnel’s career orientations is a predictor of their career routes preferences, confirming three possible career routes in R&D labs that were highlighted in previous studies.This study, aiming at investigate the alternative modes of career development for personnel belonging to R&D staff, addresses the extent to which career anchors are applicable to R&D staff and to examine the relationship among career anchors, gender and age, with the final purpose to add elements of discussion to the long-lasting debate about this matter. With this purpose in mind, we developed a questionnaire survey among 309 R&D personnel employed at firms belonging to the food machinery industry in a Northern Italy district. The results obtained from the statistical analysis indicate that the R&D personnel’s career orientations is a predictor of their career routes preferences, confirming three possible career routes in R&D labs that were highlighted in previous studies