Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Knowledge Management: An Analysis from the Organizational Development
Get PDFThis research develops a theoretical framework on the implications of the organizational characteristics on the knowledge management (KM). The organizational characteristics are handled in this work as constructs, as they are complex concepts. This paper is based on a theoretical research, considering original and classic articles on KM. From a broad theoretical-conceptual research, the paper presents as a result five organizational constructs that support the KM process: human resources, team work, organizational culture, organizational structure and development and absorption of knowledge. The article presents the implications of these constructs in relation to the four phases of the KM process (acquisition, storage, distribution and use of knowledge)
Complejidad, Transición y Desarrollo. Una Agenda Convergente para las Políticas de CT+I en Latinoamérica
Get PDFThe paper presents the progress of a theoretical analysis developed to create a framework between social studies of science and technology and the economics of innovation and technological change. The framework aims to formulate for Latin America a question about the scope of the ST & I policies. This question, involves from the framework, that ST & I policies must be approached from a multidimensional: narrative, critical and explanatory. But that in turn resume the momentum of political praxis implicit in the tradition of Latin American thought science, technology and society. These hybrid research efforts, arising from the framework, must exist by political praxis articulatory emergency. These emergency spaces recognize the plurality of theoretical and political positions, which in turn raise the horizon of action shape spaces for developing new sociotechnical configurations capable of orienting the multidimensional sense development (social inclusion, economic development and structural change)
Performance Evaluations of Technology Transfer Offices of Major US Research Universities in 2012/2013
No full textBy analyzing the highlights of the major activities reported by the technology transfer offices (TTOs) of twenty US major universities, the performances of TTO activities are quantitatively assessed and the associated scores are compared with each other. The key performance indicators, which govern the success of the university technology transfer, are specifically selected and examined. Two normalized metrics, overall performance metric (OPM) and patenting control ratio (PCR), which are the representing combined indicators for the TTO performance, are developed and demonstrated. The two metrics are evaluated for each university selected and compared to specifically provide a comprehensive overview of how good is the TTO of a university as compare to those of its peers. Finally, the factors for a successful TTO are described and the major unsolved issues are also discussed
Developing and Managing Cross-Functional Teams: A Multi-Case Study of Brazilian Manufacturing Companies
Get PDFThe growth of industries and the strong economic base in Brazil require improvements and adaptations in business processes. Cross-functional teams (CFT) may help to companies achieve these improvements. This research looks at characterizing CFT according to application processes, structures, objectives and impacts, considering the context of demand planning and related processes. In-depth interviews with 22 managers were performed in three Brazilian manufacturing companies. A framework to characterize CFT and respective impacts is proposed, including elements such as: procedures, context and goals, power distribution, impacts on cross-functional integration, impacts on teams\u27 performance and on organization\u27s performance. One significant managerial finding is that effective and efficient CFTs need balanced distribution of power among members by effectively establishing and structuring the team. By doing this, managers may observe positive impacts on inter-functional integration and in firm\u27s results. Moreover, teams should permanently perform joint planning to predict unfavorable situations, improve communication and mutual understanding
Humanitarian Logistics: a Clustering Methodology for Assisting Humanitarian Operations
Get PDFIn this paper, we propose a methodology to identify and classify regions by the type and frequency of disasters. The data on the clusters allow you to extract information that can be used in the preparedness phase as well as to identify the relief items needed to meet each cluster. Using this approach, the clusters are formed by using a computing tool that uses as the input the history data of the disasters in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, with a specific focus on: windstorms, hail, floods, droughts, landslides, and flash floods. The results show that the knowledge provided by the clustering analysis contributes to the decision making process in the response phase of Humanitarian Logistics (HL)
Strategic Implications of Water Usage: an Analysis in Brazilian Mining Industries
Get PDFThis study aims at identifying the practices of water use management and the business performance in industries in the Brazilian mineral sector. To this end, a descriptive and quantitative study was developed, using the survey method, in industries associated with the Brazilian Mining Institute – IBRAM. The water use management practices were identified based in a model addressing the following aspects: water accounting, risk assessment, direct operations, supply chain, and stakeholders engagement. The business performance was measured from a model involving the following dimensions: economic, environmental and social. Among the results, the risks assessment involved and the direct operations practices stand out, in order to reduce the amount of water used and waste discharges. The need for greater engagement of industries with the stakeholders and the supply chain, through a more integrated and collaborative management, was also evident
The Implementation of TQM in R&D Environments
Get PDFResearch & development has been identified as a key element to achieve competitive advantage, particularly in contexts of change and especially for technology-based companies. Nowadays, organizations are aware that quality, and quality management as a consequence, represents an important strategic stimulus, thus assuming a fundamental role in the business strategies implementation. This article, aiming at outlining the practices that managers believe are critical for achieving quality management in applied research and development, examines the adoption of total quality management within R&D based organizations, and its impact in terms of performance. This is a qualitative research from a multicase study on eleven companies. Data were collected through open interviews, using a semi-structured script, with R&D managers and employees from each company. Our study supports the hypothesis that TQM practices positively impact the performance of an organization. Implications for managers and for academics can be derived from the study
Does Service Innovation Matter in High-Tech Industry
Get PDFService innovation has been found to be a major driver of innovation performance in service contexts. But this issue raises questions concerning the extent to which the relationship between market orientation and innovation performance holds in the high-tech industry. Relatively little research has examined how market orientation contributes to innovation performance through service innovation. We here report an empirical study of 235 Taiwanese high-tech firms to examine the influence of market orientation on service innovation and innovation performance. A noteworthy finding is that the impacts of customer orientation and competitor orientation on innovation performance are fully mediated by service innovation. However, service innovation does only partially mediate the relationship between inter-functional orientation and innovation performance. The findings of this study should help managers consider appropriate service innovation in high-tech industry
High Income Inequality as a Structural Factor in Entrepreneurial Activity
Get PDFStatistical tests on a panel of data from 54 countries over the 2004–2009 period support the proposition that high income inequality and entrepreneurial activity share a positive linear relationship. In a novel approach, the dependent variable is defined from two independent and uncorrelated perspectives: (1) the World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Snapshot, which measures new business entry density based on secondary official sources; and (2) the Total Early Stage Entrepreneurial Activity of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project, which is a survey-based measure of formal and informal entrepreneurial participation rates. The empirical strategy is based on the logic that economies with increasing concentrations of wealth tend to encourage entrepreneurial activity because entrepreneurs accumulate more income than workers. Following the disequalizing model, once this inequality appears, it is reinforced in successive generations. The intuition behind this outcome is that a certain level of initial capital is required to establish a new enterprise, which implies that the probability of becoming an entrepreneur increases if an individual has inherited wealth
Comunicar Conocimientos vs. Organizar el Conocimiento: la Gestión del Gen-preneur en el Aula.
Get PDFThere have been countless tests made to confirm that creativity is a critical skill for entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial training (Schmidt, J. et al. 2012), even more, practices on divergent thinking increases the entrepreneurial skills of students to generate a greater number and range of ideas, but not, their approaches to solve problems in a creative way. Our goal is to show that entrepreneurship is a facet of creativity and that the "hidden" entrepreneur in the learner, will need to observe and confirm the existence of sufficient external constraints -context and social network- to release its entrepreneurial attitude, furthermore it will be essential, that teachers adopt an innovative approach that enables a suitable context, in this way almost intuitively, and vocational - show student behaviors associated with entrepreneurial attitudes. In our study, we found out that the implementation of an innovative teaching contributes to facilitate the transmission of the entrepreneurial spirit and improves the use of gen-preneur in class