Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Evaluating R&D Program of the Brazilian Electricity Sector through Industrial Property Indicators
Get PDFThe Law 9,991/2000 can be considered a milestone in the history of the ANEEL R&D Program, which was created to stimulate the technological development of the Brazilian Electricity Sector. Around R$ 4.5 billion were already invested in the program, covering more than 6,000 projects. Considering the amount of resources involved, the present study aimed to evaluate the results of this program, after the Law 9,221/2000, using industrial property indicators as a measure of performance. The research was based on a survey of the applications for patents and industrial designs, filed in the Brazilian Patent Office (INPI), by the 117 companies operating in the electricity generation segment. The findings showed: the companies that had at least one patent or industrial design application filed in the INPI after the Law 9,991/2000; the type of protection requested; and if the content of the application was related to the goals of the program
Design Driven Innovation Practices in Design-preneur led Creative Industry
Get PDFDesign driven innovation has emerged to be an alternative way to generate sustainable competitive products or services. Previous research has recently revealed succesful practices of design driven innovation in various industries. However, little has been known about the creative companies that practice design driven innovation, especially in developing countries. This research investigates the existence and practices of design-driven innovation in the Indonesian creative industry. Based on interviews with the design-preneurs of the creative industry, one of the results of this study reveals how the Indonesian creative industry creates new meanings that are embedded into new products. Based on the identification, a framework to create new meaningsis resulted which consists of a set of key processes, such as sensing, sensemaking, specifying, setting up and storytelling. The practical contribution of this research is that this identified framework can be adopted by any creative companies interested in improving their innovation capability
How to Justify Purchase of an iPad: Users of the Latest Launch
Get PDFContemporary technology innovation is increasingly based on convergence and the multiple uses of products. This change is detailed in the literature about new product development, as well as that on systems integration. This article focuses on the factors that determine the justification for using advanced technology products in which the perceived value of the product is not based on its functionality, as much as on its hedonistic or social value as an “all-in-one” product. In this study, consumer behaviors toward the Apple iPad are analyzed using netnographic evidence taken from internet postings by the consumers themselves. Since Apple initially marketed the iPad as a revolutionary product, with integrated services and features, our analysis concentrates on how consumers perceived these new, innovative features, in an effort to justify their purchase of the product. Our findings indicate that consumers’ justifications are based not only on the iPad’s functionality, but also its hedonic traits, and its similarity to the previously released innovative product, the iPhone
Is R&D Enough to Take Advantage from External Knowledge? Focusing on Coordination Mechanisms
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of research and development (R&D) and coordination mechanisms (such as decentralization in decision-making and formalization of organizational processes) in the transformation of external knowledge into innovation results. We use survey data for performing standard ordinary least squares regressions in a representative sample of firms from the Spanish Ceramic Tile Industry. The results suggest that R&D is an important moderator influencing the relationship between acquiring external knowledge and innovation outcomes. Second, formalization tends to have a detrimental effect in the transformation of external knowledge into innovation outputs. Third, there are differences if it is discriminated between exploratory and exploitative innovations. This study contributes to external knowledge sourcing research that insofar has only taken account of R&D, neglecting the role of coordination mechanisms, in the exploitation of this knowledge. Moreover, this study is relevant to organization theory. To date, this literature has focused on the direct effect of coordination mechanisms on innovation. We show that the latter can be contingent on external knowledge processes. Lastly, we add to both literature streams by showing the different nature of the results when considering exploratory or exploitative innovations
Políticas para el Desarrollo de Sistemas de Innovación en México
Get PDFIn 2011, the Mexico-State Council of Science and Technology in alliance with the Inter-American Development Bank and the National Council of Science and Technology implemented a program to promote collaborative networks among firms for improving competitiveness trough innovations. Target firms belong to priority manufacturing and services sectors This paper deals with the analysis of the program, State of Mexico’s innovation capacities are described, the institutional framework and the main actors are also analyzed. The results show that SMEs had lack of experience in innovation but they increased their investment in innovation projects. Based on that analysis we conclude that success of innovation policies is highly dependent on previous experience and learning abilities of firms. Finally, we draw some recommendations for building capacities at the firm level as well as for strengthening innovation policies aimed at involving and technically upgrading SME
Can Latin America Move Forward after a Lost Decade in Technical Change? …Looking at Opportunities for Knowledge-based Change in Times of Increasing Uncertainty
Get PDFIn view of the current global context, which challenges are facing science- and technology-based developments and cooperation in a way to contribute for policies that stimulate localized learning, innovation and endogenous development in Latin America?This broad question has motivated the work behind the Special Issue introduced by this paper, which considers the development of case studies in selected Latin America regions. The analysis lead us to argue that value-based networks have the potential to make both public policies and markets more effective, promoting learning trajectories for the inclusive development of regions. But they require effective public investments to keep attracting and qualifying human resources, together with long-term developments towards technical industries and export capacity for emerging markets worldwide. Our analysis argues about the unique potential for further developing Latin America through strategic international, knowledge-based ventures, exploring the emerging role the internationalization of universities and scientific institutions may play at a global level. Above all, they require the systematic observation of science and technical change in international comparison, as well as a relational infrastructure for collective action, at an international level, in a context much influenced by a dynamic of change and a necessary balance between the creation and diffusion of knowledge towards the endogenous development of all parts involved. The role of Latin America Universities and science policies based on international cooperation are considered to be particularly important in this process
Technological Interfaces of the Brazilian Shipbuilding and Offshore Industry
Get PDFThe recent challenges of the Brazilian naval and offshore industry have generated a unique opportunity for studies on technological innovation and economic development. This paper presents the recent developments and future prospects of this industry under the theoretical framework of ‘technological interfaces’. Technological interfaces are defined as the thread of knowledge and technology necessary for establishing a transaction between two or more agents. It is both a theoretical construct and a tool for better understanding industrial coherence and dynamics. The development project of ship and platform construction in Brazil, unveils a potential dynamic similar to large national projects, such as the U.S. space project in the 50s. By establishing scientific parameters of analysis for the study, it is possible to generate a broader diagnosis of the technological interface matrix of the industry, but mainly it is possible to map the framework of operational gaps and the needs for technical-scientific development
Controversies about the Process of Technology Transfer from Public Research Institutions in Brazil: The Case of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa.
Get PDFThis article investigates the process of technology transfer in the Embrapa - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, one of the most important center for tropical agricultural technology in the world. Our research is survey-based, and a questionnaire was applied to the employees working at strategic and operational level of a research unit of Embrapa. The results demonstrate that the technology transfer from Embrapa needs instruments, standards and standardized strategies. The lack of standardization of the can lead to disjointed actions among professionals and researchers, and may to make the Embrapa is seen in a fragmented form. Is important to explore new alternatives to treat simultaneously the issues of planning, research and development, transfer and communication in order to reset the current model, such as the use of Dual - use of technology transfer, characterized by a strong interaction between the chain production and potential users of the technology
Relación entre el Dinamismo Percibido, la Postura Tecnológica y los Resultados de Innovación
Get PDFUna de las principales elecciones estratégicas de la empresa es su postura tecnológica, entendida como su propensión innovadora y el momento de introducción de cambios tecnológicos en el mercado. Este trabajo, centrado en el sector de las energías renovables en España, plantea que en entornos en los que el dinamismo percibido por los directivos es alto y la apreciación del cambio mayor, las empresas tienen una mayor tendencia hacia el liderazgo tecnológico (entrada pionera) en detrimento de posturas más conservadoras o de seguimiento tecnológico (entrada tardía). Los resultados del análisis, que se ha llevado a cabo mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales basado en la técnica de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS), muestran que, efectivamente, el dinamismo percibido está positivamente relacionado con el liderazgo tecnológico, y que esta relación provoca un fuerte efecto sobre los resultados de innovación en términos de generación de nuevas tecnologías tanto en productos como en procesos
The Balanced Scorecard: Innovative Performance Measurement and Management Control System
Get PDFThe paper presents an overview of studies that have described the emergence of innovative performance measurement systems. It is dedicated to the issue of potential implementation of Balanced Scorecard as a strategic management control system in Czech small and medium-sized enterprises. The framework is based on literature review and analysis about traditional management control systems, their pros and cons, and modern methods of performance measurement, such as Balanced Scorecard. Numerous publications discuss its potential advantages and recommend its implementation. On the other hand, there exist huge limitations for small and medium-sized enterprises, such as time, organization and money. Benefits resulting from successful Balanced Scorecard implementation must overweigh the costs of designing, implementing, and using it. Therefore, the paper is supposed to motivate researchers to conduct more large scale studies in the area of innovative performance measurement systems implementation in different business sector and areas