Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Assessing the Impacts of Market Failures on Innovation Investment in Uruguay
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the effects of financial and nonfinancial obstacles to innovation on Uruguayan firms. We contribute to the literature by including the role of systemic and institutional factors affecting the different stages of the innovation process. The empirical analysis is based on four waves of national innovation surveys covering firms in the industry and services sector. In line with recent studies, we confine our analysis to the relevant sample of potentially innovative firms. Our results show that market, financial, knowledge, and context obstacles are the most important factors reducing innovation propensity and the amount invested in innovation activities. The effects are similar for firms in the industry and services sectors. We do not find evidence that institutional factors hamper innovation. Investment in equipment and investment in R&D and other intangible activities are affected differently by obstacles. On the other hand, innovation outcomes are affected mainly by financial and market-related barriers. We do not find evidence that obstacles to innovation have a significant impact on labor productivity
Spinning Out of Control? How Academic Spinoff Formation Overlooks Medical Device Regulations
Get PDFThis paper investigates the impact of the medical device regulatory framework on the academic spinoff formation process and contributes to knowledge in the domain by expanding and deepening our understanding of its underlying routines and capabilities. A detailed case study focusing on academic spinoff formation in the Irish medical device industry was conducted and found that the consideration given to the medical device regulatory framework significantly lags behind that given to other commercialisation activities. This trend has potential to both significantly delay spinoff formation and negatively impact its potential success and survival. Findings indicate that incorporating expert regulatory knowledge earlier within the process may enhance the spinoff activities within universities, particularly funding, research and capital investment
Minimum Qualitative Variables to Value Patents by Technology-Based Firms
Get PDFSince the 1990’s, intangible assets such as patents have taken on importance in organizations and, as a result, several stakeholders are increasingly concerned about protecting, valuating, commercializing and negotiating technologies developed by patenting processes. This study aims to establish Minimum Qualitative Variables (MQVs) to support the valuation of patents by technology-based firms. The method to determine the MQVs was qualitative and based on a correlation matrix between MQVs identified in the literature and those suggested by experts. The results indicate that identifying such variables, especially the legal kind, is crucial to the valuation process because they suggest the possibility of producing and commercializing the technology in a given geographical context
University Research Centres: Organizational Structures and Performance
Get PDFCurrently, there are different types of University Research Centres (URCs) around the world. This research is focused on organizational structure and its influence on better research performance in URCs. In this case, URCs located in Aragon, Spain have been studied. A data set was extracted from their STI (Science, technology and innovation) indicators from 2000 to 2016. Using a self-built data base, constructed from reports, web pages and the university’s data set, this information was analysed using a mixed-method approach, which involves data panel analysis and case studies, as a way of determining how these institutions are organized and how these influences on their performance. As a result, those URCs which showed a complex structure emerged has the best performers. This kind of structure similar to corporate governance at URCs promote better research performance within each URC
When Size Matters: Trends in Innovation and Patents in Latin American Universities
Get PDFThis paper characterizes the trends in technological innovation and intellectual property in four Latin American countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru). Toward this aim, we collected a database of patents granted at the national and university levels in combination with information from a variety of sources to construct a set of plausible explanatory variables. Based on panel data at the national level, we verify that the number of patents granted to universities is strongly associated with the share of resources, as a percentage of GDP, invested in science and technology. At the university level, we find that institutions with more scientific publications and larger enrolment size tend to be granted more innovation patents. To some extent, the evidence presented in this paper indicates that both the absolute and relative sizes of resources invested in scientific and technological research at the university level are subject to economies of scale: a greater amount of resources invested in technological research is associated with increasing levels of innovation and patenting activity
Defense System, Industry and Academy: The Conceptual Model of Innovation of the Brazilian Army
Get PDFThis article intends to identify the technological parks existing in the headquarters of military regions of the Brazilian Army, with the premise that these habitats are capable of forming nuclei of governance of technological innovation. The problem is that since the year of 2016, the Brazilian Army created the Defense, Industry and Academy System (SisDIA) of Innovation, a conceptual model of the Triple-Helix, aiming to promote the development of innovations taking advantage of the Army presence in all regions of the country. For that, methodologically, it was chosen to conduct a research with an exploratory, qualitative and descriptive approach, and the case study of the Brazilian Army. It was possible to conclude that through SisDIA and the implantation of governance nuclei of innovation in the Brazilian Army, inserted in technological parks, there will be a possibility of interaction between the Triple-Helix (government-industry-academy), in a collaborative way, intending to reinforce the scientific and technological expression of the actors involved and to boost the development in social and economic dimensions according to regional potentialities
Given Enough Eyeballs, All Crimes are Shallow – The Organizing of Citizen Collaboration to Solve an Online Detective Story
Get PDFThis paper theorizes about the organizing of online citizen collaboration. The setting is an Internet forum where people started their own investigations about a crime of animal cruelty. The concepts of commons-based peer production and generativity are utilized to analyse the complex organizing mechanisms of voluntaristic online collaboration in practice. Three general functions are introduced – operational, managerial, and noise – which are intertwined and together make up important basis for organizing generativity
E-Commerce C2C en Chile: Incorporación de la Reputación y de la Confianza en el TAM
Get PDFEl comercio electrónico en Chile ha ido creciendo de manera considerable en el último tiempo. Sin embargo, aún está lejos de alcanzar su potencial. Dadas las ventajas que el comercio electrónico ofrece para mejorar la competitividad de las pequeñas y medianas empresas globalmente, resulta vital mejorar el conocimiento de aquellos factores que pueden incrementar su uso. En la presente investigación se emplea el Modelo de Aceptación de la Tecnología (TAM) como base para analizar el comercio electrónico Consumidor-a-Consumidor (C2C) en Chile, una de las formas de compra online más importantes de ese país. Como antecedentes adicionales, se incluyeron la reputación de la plataforma web como la confianza del consumidor. Datos de 468 compradores chilenos reales proporcionaron importantes resultados acerca de los factores explicativos del uso de estas plataformas en Chile, así como también de las relaciones entre las variables estudiadas. Con esto, hemos proporcionado importantes contribuciones teóricas y prácticas
A Co-evolution Framework towards Stable Designs from Radical Innovations for Organizations Using IT
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically explore how organizations can enable radical product innovations to cumulate as stable designs. Radical product innovations are organizational responses to external triggers that cause transitions. To manage in transitions, it is necessary for radical product innovations to cumulate as stable designs. Organizations ability to co-evolve with the environment does influence innovations to cumulate as stable designs; to examine this, the author selected public procurement that uses IT as radical product innovation with pronounced environmental influence, government’s interventionist approach. The author used multiple case-study and obtained diverse analytic and heuristic views. From the cases, the author noted that actors did consider local and contingent factors only that resulted in certain radical innovations cumulating as stable designs. As an initial starting point, such actions are appropriate but organizational actions to expand their initial actions with a co-evolutionary framework that considers social contexts
A Multifold Perspective of Knowledge Sharing and Virtual Teams: The Development of An IMOI Model
Get PDFKnowledge has been recognized as an asset for the competitive advantage of organizations. Finding avenues for augmenting the organization’s value represents a continuous endeavor for managers. Although business tendencies emphasize the core role of teams in the development and implementation of knowledge management strategies, there is limited research on how virtual teams may contribute to the acquisition and distribution of knowledge through sharing dynamics. Accomplishing this shift in perspective requires comprehension of the necessary components leading to these opportunities in virtual teams. This review employs a systems thinking approach and develops an input-mediator-outcome-input (IMOI) model to guide the identification of the factors that organizations must possess to promote and facilitate knowledge-sharing strategies. By building this model based on a literature review from various fields, this study provides practitioners with a multidisciplinary scheme to strengthen the organizational structure and promote innovations based on the exploration and exploitation of this essential resource