Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Mercado Laboral, Servicios Intensivos en Conocimiento y Género: Análisis para el caso argentino
Get PDFThe gender literature exhaustively studies gender gaps in terms of income and inequality in the opportunities of access to the labor marketbetween men and women. However, these studies are carried out at the aggregate level of the economy and very rarely at the level of industries. That is why the study of gender gaps in wages and access to employment from a productive sector perspective is relevant. Furthermore, this study in the sectors of the economy with the highest remuneration. Due to this, the present work aims to focus on the study of female access to the labor market of Knowledge-Intensive Services, since the tasks performed in these sectors of the economy are those with the highest remuneration. Using data from the Permanent Household Survey of Argentina for the fourth quarter of 2020, it is found that the probability of labor insertion in Knowledge-Intensive Services is higher for men than for women, although participation is heterogeneous among the different sections.La literatura de género estudia de manera exhaustiva las brechas de género en términos de ingresos, y la desigualdad en las oportunidades de acceso al mercado laboral entre varones y mujeres. Sin embargo, estos estudios se realizan a nivel agregado de la economía, y muy pocas veces, a nivel de industrias. Es por ello, que el estudio de las brechas de género en términos salariales y de acceso laboral desde una perspectiva de sectores productivos es relevante. Más aún, dicho estudio en los sectores de la economía con mayor remuneración. Debido a esto, el presente trabajo pretende enfocarse en el estudio del acceso femenino en el mercado laboral de los Servicios Intensivos en Conocimiento, ya que las tareas que se realizan en estos sectores de la economía son las de remuneraciones más altas. Mediante los datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares de Argentina para el cuarto trimestre de 2020, se encuentra que la probabilidad de la inserción laboral en los Servicios Intensivos en Conocimiento es mayor para los varones que para las mujeres, aunque la participación es heterogénea entre los diferentes sectores
Capacities of the Research Groups at UNICAUCA, (Colombia) to Develop Spin-Off-type Undertakings
Get PDFThis paper aims to analyze the descriptive interpretations of the census applied to sixty-four research groups classified by the Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (COLCIENCIAS) for Universidad del Cauca (UNICAUCA) in the call 781 of 2017, submitting them to a quantitative evaluation using the Karl Person correlation model for pooled data, prior contextualization based on some of the conceptual referents applied by the state entity referred to classify and measure the quality and impact of the groups of I+D+i and their dynamics. From the results obtained in the crossing of variables among categories of groups and areas of knowledge compared to their aptitudes for the deployment of spin-off-type technology-based undertakings, it was possible to verify, among other relevant aspects, that the highest categorization is not a determining factor for groups that develop innovative products and have an entrepreneurial profile
English
Get PDFSharing economy is an area that has been attracting increased interest from entrepreneurs and academics, due to its notable growth. This study aims to present a quantitative panorama of studies related to the sharing economy. In order to accomplish this, the bibliometric method was applied to data extracted from the Scopus Database. It is verified that this is a relatively new field of study and that this field of research is being strongly influenced by themes such as sustainability, the internet, as well as by representative companies (e.g. Airbnb and Uber). Based on the bibliographic coupling, four clusters are visible on the mapping. These four clusters that were identified may be considered trends for research conducted in this field
Generation of Value of a Brazil Fashion Industrial Cluster: A Systemic Analysis
Get PDFCompanies that organize themselves in industrial clusters seek to amplify their capacity to generate value. However, the process of analyzing, creating and delivering value has been presented in a fragmented way. There is a lack of studies and systemic understanding. This study aims to analyze systemically the drivers and barriers for generation of value in fashion industrial cluster in the Southern Region of Brazil. The research method used to conduct this study is case study with a qualitative approach. The six elements that compose the process of analyzing, creating and delivering value were used to identify drivers and barriers for generation of value in industrial clusters and development to knowledge on clusters. The variables were interrelated the results them and formed the systemic structure. The analysis allowed concluding that the elements for generation of value described in the literature are present in the study units and it possible use this element for knowledge from clusters. However, it is necessary to analyze them systemically to obtain the desired results. This study evidenced a conceptual misalignment by participating companies regarding the true role of an industrial cluster. Strengthening among peers, in the form of exchanges of experiences and synergy among companies, does not happen in a satisfactory way. This relation among companies should be highlighted so that the cluster results are improved
English
No full textThis article presents an overview of appropriability conditions that are impacted by the Plant Variety Protection Law (LPC) in Brazil. The LPC was drafted in Brazil in 1997 after a long discussion that involved both international and national pressure for property rights regulations. The national perspective observed the sanction of this Law as an important strategy for bridging intellectual property rights and technological development. Although a new agricultural context was created by LPC, its efficiency in promoting appropriability for high yield varieties has been questioned and its capability of including the characteristics of agricultural cultures has been contested. David Teece’s approach on appropriability and complementary assets guides this analysis that also revises data provided by the National Plant Variety Protection from 1997 to 2016, and shows that although LPC have had an important role in institutionalizing high yield research and development in Brazil, it does not immediately guarantee appropriability
The Effect of Process Improvement Practices on Manufacturing Competitiveness of Apparel Factories
Get PDFProcess improvement practices (PIP) are being used as ways to improve manufacturing competitiveness (MC) but their overall effect in apparel factories have not been well quantified. This paper identifies the effects that PIP have on the manufacturing competitiveness of multinational apparel manufacturing plants. The methodology followed uses the Delphi method and exploratory factor analysis for variable selection, the Mann-Whitney test for analyzing the relationship between PIP usage and MC performance and regression analysis for estimating the existing correlation among the variables studied. The results show that factories with a high use of PIP have a higher manufacturing competitiveness and that specific practices related to error detection and waste elimination have a positive effect in cost, delivery time and environmental protection
Smartphone Users’ Satisfaction and Regional Aspects: Factors that Emerge from Online Reviews
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze which factors related to smartphone users’ satisfaction emerge from online reviews. In addition, as the study was conducted in Brazil which is a developing country with a lot of regional diversity, a secondary aim of this study is to test whether regional aspects can affect users’ satisfaction level. Online reviews were analyzed through the Content Analysis technique. Next, we carried out a quantitative analysis using Ordinal Logistic Regression. The results showed that smartphones’ features related to hardware and software and sellers’ characteristics may significantly affect users’ satisfaction. The socioeconomic factor, represented by the GDP per capita of the cities where users live, had a significant and negative impact, indicating that users in more economically developed regions attribute lower satisfaction level to smartphones. This study contributes to the literature as it used online reviews as data source, which helps identifying factors related to users’ satisfaction beyond those analyzed in previous studies that applied questionnaires
Patent Mapping in Emerging Countries
Get PDFPerform a technological prospecting permits the Company to understand what in the future may have as economic assets to their own nation and which technologies will be available in terms of innovation. In this paper, we aimed to construct a panorama with technological indicators through patents focusing mainly in emerging countries that make up the BRIC group. It was sought as obtaining results, variables such as: profiles of patent offices, numbers of intellectual protection applications, patent applications by offices in the applicable countries of forms resident and abroad by family of patents, as well as the technological profiles of these patents, of their inventors and of their investors. With this multicase study, reflections were supported through bibliographic references in scientific articles and international reports, and the extraction of technological data in patents were results of one exploratory verification in the Patent Office of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Taking the general understanding that emerging countries are growing index in intellectual protection records in the issue of patents and there is a general effort from their offices by the motivation to innovation, as well as multinational companies stand out in this segment of intellectual assets
Human Aspects of Agile Transition in Traditional Organizations
Get PDFThe agile transition is crucial for traditional organizations to remain competitive in the current market, which is characterized by a fast-pace and a constant need for innovation. In order to implement this transition, organizations must adjust their mindset to the new agile values. Despite its evident benefits, the transition to agile model is complex and time-consuming, posing many challenges to organizations. Since the agile philosophy is people-centered, rather than process-centered, most challenges are related to the human aspects of this transition and they demand a large transformation in all areas of the organization. This article provides a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the human aspects of agile transition and summarizes the existing literature into three categories: People, Management and Organization. Its main objective is to assist organizations undergoing agile transition in reducing risks related to this process, by acquiring knowledge on the challenges involved and implementing the proposed recommendations
english
Get PDF This article aims to construct and validate an instrument for measuring the factors of organizational culture that influence cooperation in technological innovation between research institutes and firms, nominated “Evaluation of Organizational Culture for Cooperation in Technological Innovation (EOC-CTI)”, applied to the reality of Brazilian organizations. The sample was composed of 324 respondents from 58 large and medium firms and 41 public and private research institutes, from various locations in Brazil. The method adopted was the Exploratory Factor Analysis. Among the main contributions, an instrument that expands the discussions about the values and management practices for cooperation in technological innovation based on organizational culture is proposed. For firms and research institutes, there is the proposition of values and systematic management practices that contribute to the achievement of results through cooperation in technological innovation