Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian
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POTENSI SUMBER DAYA LAHAN DAN OPTIMALISASI PENGEMBANGAN KOMODITAS PENGHASIL I ndonesia memiliki sumber daya lahan yang sangat luas untuk pengembang- an berbagai komoditas pertanian. Luas daratan Indonesia mencapai 188,20 juta ha, yang terdiri atas 148 ju
No full textLand resources potential and optimalization of bioenergy producing commodities development in IndonesiaOne of the current issues in Indonesia is the scarcity of fossil fuel availability in such a way that the alternativerenewable energy sources need to be explored. Various plants have potential as bioenergy, such as oil palm,coconut, maize, cassava, sugar cane, sago palm, and jatropha. The National Team for Bio-Fuel Resources havetargeted the development of 6.50 million ha land for bio-fuel production in 2005-2015 for oil palm, jatropha,sugar cane, and cassava; 1.50 million ha of which is for jatropha. To support the development of those commodities,the biophysical land suitability evaluation has been conducted. The result revealed that there are a substantial landof about 76.40 million ha for oil palm, coconut, maize, cassava, sugar cane, cotton, sago palm, and jatropha, buta large proportion of the lands have been used for agricultural and nonagricultural purposes. One of the problemsin bioenergy development is the land competition for bioenergy and food producing commodities. Intensificationand diversification of the current bioenergy and food producing crops, per se, will not fulfill the national needs,such that extensification is necessary to avoid the negative impacts on the national food security. An overlaybetween land suitability and land use maps of 2000-2004 period revealed that are substantial land areas of about 7million ha for annual crops and 15.30 million ha for perennial crops. The lands are currently under secondaryforest, bushes, imperata grassland and savanna, and those being abandoned. However, the land holdings need to beidentified.Keywords: Land suitability, bioenerg
PELUANG PENGEMBANGAN FEROMON SEKS DALAM PENGENDALIAN HAMA ULAT BAWANG (Spodoptera exigua) PADA BAWANG MERAH
Full text linkProspect of pheromone sex development in controlling Spodoptera exigua on shallotThe main contraint in shallot cultivation is the high incidence of Spodoptera exigua. The pest causes significant damage on plant. To control the pest, farmers commonly use insecticides excessively. The intensive use of insecticides results in inefficiency and polluted environment. Therefore, breakthrough in controlling S. exigua is needed by using sex pheromone. Sex pheromone technology has been developed and tested in laboratory and in field and gave prospective results. Application of sex pheromone decreases the use of insecticide and production cost and increase farmers' income. Therefore, utilization of pheromone sex is prospective to be developed especially in shallot production centers and endemic for S. exigua
Peluang Peningkatan Produksi Padi Di Lahan Rawa Lebak Lampung
Full text linkOpportunity to Increase Rice Production in Fresh Water Swampy Land in LampungThe area of fresh water swampy land in Lampung in 2012 was 55,714 ha with rice productivity of 5.13 t/ha so it is possible to be increased. The article discusses opportunity to increase rice production in fresh water swampy land in Lampung. Increasing rice yield can be done by enhancing cropping index and land productivity, lowering yield gap and decreasing yeld loss. Cropping index in fresh water swampy land can be increased by cultivating rice with surjan system, while rice yield is increased by integrated crop management (ICM) which its components include the use of improved varieties, planting with legowo 2: 1 or 4: 1, fertilizer application according to plant need, water management to prevent rice plant from submerging or drought, and integrated pest management. Rice yield gap is decreased by implementing location specific technologies and intensifying counseling to farmers, while yield loss is lowered by applying integrated pest management and using agricultural tools and machineries in rice farming. These production increases have an impact on the regional and national food availability in an effort to achieve rice self-sufficiency.Keywords: Rice, production, fresh water swampy land, growth sourceABSTRAKLuas lahan rawa lebak di Provinsi Lampung pada tahun 2012 mencapai 55.714 ha dengan tingkat produktivitas padi 5,13 t/ha sehingga masih berpeluang ditingkatkan. Tulisan ini membahas peluang peningkatan produksi padi di lahan rawa lebak di Lampung. Peningkatan produksi dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan indeks pertanaman (IP) dan produktivitas lahan, mengurangi senjang hasil, dan menurunkan kehilangan hasil. Indeks pertanaman di lahan rawa lebak dapat ditingkatkan dengan menerapkan sistem surjan. Sementara produktivitas ditingkatkan melalui pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (PTT) dengan komponen teknologinya antara lain penggunaan varietas unggul baru, cara tanam legowo 2:1 atau 4:1, pemberian hara sesuai kebutuhan tanaman, pengelolaan tata air sehingga tanaman padi terhindar dari terendam atau kekeringan, serta pengelolaan hama dan penyakit secara terpadu. Penurunan senjang hasil dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan teknologi spesifik lokasi dan mengintensifkan penyuluhan ke petani. Sementara kehilangan hasil dapat dikurangi melalui penerapan pengelolaan hama dan penyakit secara terpadu dan penggunaan alat dan mesin pertanian pada kegiatan usaha tani. Peningkatan produksi ini akan berdampak pada peningkatan ketersediaan pangan daerah dan nasional dalam upaya mencapai swasembada beras.Kata Kunci: Padi, produksi, rawa lebak, sumber pertumbuhan
Budi Daya Padi Di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Penggerek Batang Padi
Full text linkRice cultivation in tidal swampland of South Kalimantan has been practiced by farmers in the long period and influences the population of rice stem borer. This paper describes rice cultivation in tidal swampland of South Kalimantan and its impact on injury level caused by rice stem borer. Land preparation by slashing and spinning the rest of rice crop and then left it to rot, can thwart rice stem borer larvae to become imago (adult). Seeding by transplanting several times can kill stem borer larvae, while cutting the leaves of rice seedlings before planting can reduce egg population of the pest. Rice husk ash application is also able to reduce plant damage caused by stem borer. Another factor that contributes to the decreasing level of plant damage due to the pest is the presence of “purun tikus” (Eleocharis dulcis) weeds. Rice stem borers are more interested in laying eggs in the weed than that in rice plant resulted in low damage of rice planted adjacent to “purun tikus” area. Abundant population of natural enemy in “purun tikus” area also effectively suppresses the development of rice stem borer.Keywords: Rice, cultivation, rice stem borer, tidal swamplandABSTRAKBudi daya padi di lahan pasang surut Kalimantan Selatan sudah sejak lama dilakukan petani dan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan populasi dan tingkat serangan hama penggerek batang padi. Makalah ini menguraikan budi daya padi di lahan rawa pasang surut Kalimantan Selatan dan pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat kerusakan tanaman akibat penggerek batang padi. Penyiapan lahan dengan menebas sisa tanaman padi dan memintalnya kemudian membiarkannya membusuk dapat menggagalkan larva penggerek batang padi menjadi imago (dewasa). Pembibitan dengan cara tanam pindah yang dilakukan beberapa kali juga dapat mematikan larva penggerek batang padi. Sementara pemotongan daun bibit padi sebelum ditanam dapat mengurangi populasi kelompok telur hama tersebut. Pemberian abu sekam juga dapat menurunkan kerusakan tanaman akibat serangan hama tersebut. Faktor lain yang berkontribusi terhadap pengurangan tingkat kerusakan tanaman padi adalah keberadaan gulma purun tikus. Penggerek batang padi lebih tertarik meletakkan telurnya pada gulma tersebut dibandingkan pada padi sehingga kerusakan padi yang ditanam berdekatan dengan area purun tikus lebih rendah. Populasi musuh alami yang melimpah pada area purun tikus efektif menekan perkembangan hama penggerek batang padi.Kata kunci: Padi, budi daya, penggerek batang padi, lahan rawa pasang suru
PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG JAGUNG UNTUK KUE KERING (COOKIES)
Full text linkProspect of maize flour for cookiesCookies is one of the favorite snacks consumed by community. The average consumption of dry cake in the big city and village in Indonesia is 0.40 kg/capita/year. Cookies processing do not need volume development as wet cake and bread, but the cookies have to be crispy, imperishable to water, hard and unbroken easily. This relates with the physiochemical characteristic and functional of maize flour. Maize flour has hard texture, relatively low gluten content (< 1%) with amylograph features processing the cold viscosity (240620 BU). This papers described the results of research relating with the nutrition content, functional characteristic, and the construction of dry cake from maize flour. The cookies made from maize flour have good nutrition quality and adequate processing feature, substitution towards the wheat flour until the level 5080% with the receiving level of highly preference (organoleptic). Supported by the recipe of dry cake that popular in the recent time were using the corn based material for example corn flake, coco chip, corn crispy. This indicated the opportunity of utilizing maize flour corn powder that has already received by the modern community who processing the high prospect to be developed
PENGEMBANGAN USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG BERORIENTASI AGRIBISNIS DENGAN POLA KEMITRAAN
Full text linkDevelopment of beef cattle agribusiness through partnership patternBeef cattle are the largest contributor of the ruminants to the national meat production, therefore cattle farming is potential to be developed. In Indonesia, cattle are raised traditionally by farmers as a family saving and as draught animal in land preparation. Beef cattle farming is commonly as a small-scale farming and consists of breeding, fattening, and integrated farming system with food crops or estate crops. Development of beef cattle agribusiness through partnership pattern could be an alternative approach in increasing farmers' incomes and national meat production. Partnership is a cooperation between two or more partners in beef cattle farming in preproduction, production processes, and marketing based on equally and profitable principles. The development of beef catlle farming through partnership pattern is expected to meet the national demand for meat that continuously increases. On the other hand, the high demand for beef cattle meat gives an opportunity to develop beef cattle farming in the country through partnership to increase production and productivity. This paper reviewed the development of beef cattle farming through partnership pattern. To achieve the high farming efficiency, it is needed to manage the system integratedly from upstream to downstream by applying the agribusiness principles and partnership pattern to obtain the high and sustainable profit
THE ROLE OF MODERN MARKETS IN INFLUENCING LIFESTYLES IN INDONESIA
Full text linkGlobalization in trade and information system, the fast growth of modern markets and fast food outlets, and fast invasion of food advertisements are currently occurred in Indonesia. The paper reviewed the impacts of modern markets, fast food outlets, and advertisements on lifestyle, especially in eating, of Indonesian people. The results showed that the number of minimarkets and supermarkets selling various goods, food, and beverages increased significantly in Indonesia. Moreover, there is open information which advertises many kinds of prepared food and beverages. The impacts are the change in eating lifestyle as part of Indonesian people lifestyle. This is shown by the increasing share of prepared food and beverages expenditure to total expenditure, especially in urban area. Changes in diet and eating lifestyle in society can be seen as the opportunity for food and beverages industries to expand their products and markets.Keywords: Modern markets, lifestyles, food expenditures, fast food and beverages, consumers, Indonesi
KONSERVASI DAN PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA GENETIK KACANG HIJAU
Full text linkConservation and utilization of mungbean genetic resourcesCurrently 1,024 mungbean germplasm accessions consisted of 142 local and 833 introduced varieties, 32 promising lines, and 17 commercial varieties are being maintained in the National Genebank at Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development. The seeds of mungbean germplasm are preserved in two types of invironment. The active collections are maintained at 15–18 C as short-term storage, while the base collections are kept at -5 C as mid-term storage. A wide range of variability was observed for all the agronomic characters studied, especially for days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and seed size. Germplasm evaluation has identified several resistance sources. One accession ( V4281 ) was resistant to beanflies, three accessions were resistant to cercospora leaf spot, and six accessions were resistant to powdery mildew. The variation for protein content of germplasm was not very broad. Two accessions ( VR290 and VR194 ) had the highest protein content of 30%, respectively. Germplasm evaluation also obtained four accessions which had largest seed size and good seed quality. Utilization of mungbean genetic resources has made a significant contribution on mungbean breeding program. Several accessions had been officially released as new cultivars, and a number of accessions have been used as sources of resistance on hybridization program. Currently 19 commercial mungbean varieties have been officially released in the country. oKeywords: Mungbean, genetic resources, conservation, utilizatio
KARAKTERISTIK DAN PERMASALAHAN TANAH MARGINAL DARI BATUAN SEDIMEN MASAM DI KALIMANTAN
Full text linkCharacteristics and problems of marginal soils from acid sedimentary rocks in KalimantanMarginal or suboptimal soils are potential for agricultural development such as food crops, estate crops, and industrial planted forest. These soils have low fertility status and susceptible to erosion. In Kalimantan, the marginal soils cover about 30.15 million ha or 57.22% of the total island area, with the major soils consist of Ultisols, few Oxisols, and Inceptisols. The physical properties of marginal soils from acid sedimentary rock are mostly influenced by the type of parent materials ( sandstone or claystone ) , while the chemical properties showed the similar characteristics indicating acid soil reaction, vary in organic matter, and low in cation exchange capacity, exchangeable bases, base saturation, mineral reserve, as well as P and K potentials, but the Al saturation is high. Agricultural development on these soils, other than the physical and chemical properties, should consider the relief condition. The areas with flat to undulating relief are recommended for perennial or food crops, while the annual or estate crops and industrial planted forest can be developed until the hilly area. Land management such as fertilization to improve nutrient status, liming to increase soil reaction and to decrease Al reactivity, and soil conservation practice were recommended. In this time, most of the marginal soils were utilized for estate crops development, such as oil palm, rubber, pepper, and industrial planted forest, and only a limited area for food crops.Keywords: Marginal soil, acid sedimentary rock, Ultisols, Oxisols, Inceptisols, Kalimanta
Penyakit Embun Tepung Dan Cara Pengendaliannya Pada Tanaman Kedelai Dan Kacang Hijau
Full text linkPowdery mildew disease is caused by Erysiphae diffusa (Cook and Peck) fungi on soybeans and E. polygoni (DC Sawada) on mungbean. Both diseases are an important disease because of their widely spread and high yield loss, reaching 35% in soybeans and 26% in mungbean. In Indonesia, the disease occurs in central areas of soybean production and mungbean. The spread of the disease includes Asia, the United States of America , and Brazil. The symptoms of powdery mildew are easily recognizable in the presence of white flour on the top surface of the leaves. The intensity of powdery mildew is usually high in the dry season, when the temperature is cold in the morning and much mildew conditions around the plant. This situation will interfere with the process of photosynthesis and transpiration. In addition, Erysiphe’s haustorium absorbs plant nutrients that will interfere with some metabolic functions and processes. Control of powdery mildew will suppress the loss of grain bean and results nationally supports the availability of soybean and mungbean. Recommended control measures are spraying with plant materials (extracts of neem seeds, tea compost, cow´s whole milk, essential oil of citronella, lemongrass, eucalyptus, cinnamon, and tea tree) on the incidence of powdery mildew disease on soybean and the use of Vima1 varieties for control of powdery mildew disease on mungbean.Keywords: Soybean, mungbean, powdery mildew, control AbstrakPenyakit embun tepung disebabkan oleh cendawan Erysiphae diffusa (Cook and Peck) pada tanaman kedelai dan E. polygoni (DC Sawada) pada kacang hijau. Penyebaran penyakit penting ini menyebabkan kehilangan hasil mencapai 35% pada kedelai dan 26% pada kacang hijau. Di Indonesia, penyakit ini terjadi di sentra produksi kedelai dan kacang hijau. Di luar negeri, penyebaran penyakit embun tepung meliputi Asia, Amerika Serikat, dan Brazil. Intensitas penyakit biasanya tinggi pada musim kemarau, pada saat suhu dingin di pagi hari dan kondisi berembun di sekitar pertanaman. Gejala penyakit embun tepung mudah dikenali dengan ciri seperti tepung di permukaan atas daun. Hal ini dapat mengganggu proses fotosintesis dan transpirasi. Selain itu, haustorium Erysiphe menyerap nutrisi tanaman sehingga mengganggu beberapa fungsi dan proses metabolisme. Penyakit embun tepung perlu dikendalikan untuk menekan kehilangan hasil kedelai dan kacang hijau. Cara pengendalian yang disarankan adalah penyemprotan dengan bahan nabati (ekstrak biji mimba, kompos teh, susu sapi, minyak dari citronella, lemongrass, eucalyptus, cinnamon, dan tanaman teh) pada kedelai dan penggunaan varietas tahan Vima-1 pada kacang hijau.Kata Kunci: Kedelai, kacang hijau, penyakit embun tepung, pengendalian