Journal of Indonesian Islam
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HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF INTER-RELIGIOUS RELATIONS IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN
Get PDFThis paper presents a historical overview of the dynamics of inter-religious relations in South Kalimantan. Early conversion to Islam in the 16th century, and more intensive Islamization by the 18th century, can be seen as the formative period of Islam in this region. The encounter and clash between the new religion and the existing beliefs and practices were unavoidable. By the late 19th century, the clash seems to move to another target, namely the colonial power associated with Christianity. By this period, Islam was transformed from the court into a people movement against the colonial power. By the first half of the 20th century, the problem of the 18th century apparently reappeared but in another form, namely the clash between puritan and traditional Islam. The making of the Indonesian nation state by the second half of the 20th century pushed the Banjarese Muslims to be involved in the ideological debates, and even in a rebellion against the state. During the Soeharto period, Muslim-Christian tensions at the national politics also influenced this region. Finally, in the Reformation Era, the Muslims in the province face serious challenges of intra- and inter-religious plurality
DISCOURSES ON ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA: A Study on the Intellectual Debate between Liberal Islam Network (JIL) and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI)
Get PDFThis article discusses the relationship between Islam and democracy according to Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL; Liberal Islam Network) and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this article shows that according to JIL, Islam is compatible with modern democratic values. Democracy contains all modern governmental elements which are also found in Islam, such as consultation, consensus, justice, freedom, equality, and tolerance. Islam, in the view of JIL proponents, perfectly fits in line with modernity. Meanwhile, HTI argues that Islam is incompatible with democracy, because the word democracy comes from Western culture which means capitalist and secularist. Democracy is perceived by the HTI activists as a revolt against God’s sovereignty. These different views are influenced by their interpretation of Islamic values on the context of modern concept of democracy. In addition, this difference is also caused by the background of education, genealogy of knowledge, and condition of global politics
A NEW ACCOUNT ON THE POTRAIT OF IBRAHIM ASMARAKANDI AND HIS SUFISM APPROACH IN ISLAMIZATION OF JAVA
Get PDFThis paper tried to show that Ibrahim Asmarakandi is one of the important preachers in the early era of Islamization in Indonesia. In addition, since Samarkandi is originated from Samakand, the paper also tried to show the relation between Islam in Samarkand and Java in the 15 CE. Other important findings shown in the paper is that the islamization of Samarkandi has succeeded to the extent that it is accepted by both the common and elites. Interestingly, the Sufism is proven to be effective in his islamization effort. One of the key is his successful strategies, resulted from Sufism approach, is the tolerant attitudes towards other religions particularly Hindu as the biggest religion in Java at the time
ISLAM AS A CULTURAL CAPITAL IN INDONESIA AND THE MALAY WORLD: A Convergence of Islamic Studies, Social Sciences and Humanities
Get PDFThe phenomenon of socio-political-religious life in the Middle East is a complete contrast to the socio-political-religious life in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and in Malay world in general. The changing of socio-political leadership in Indonesia from the New Order to Reformation Order (1998) is relatively smooth, followed by the violence-free legislative election and the presidential election in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Meanwhile, the changing of socio-political leadership in the Middle East countries (the Arab Spring) are always overshadowed and followed by socio-political conflict and religious violence causing a lot of casualties. Socio-political life of the Muslim communities in Indonesia and in Malay world takes a different path from the Middle Eastern societies, and also form South Asia. Over the leadership transition in Indonesia, which is Islam as the majority, it can be run peacefully without violence and casualties. This paper will review the Indonesian Muslim intellectuals’ contribution—as an integral part of Malay world—to the development of Southeast Asian Islamic thoughts and its contribution in framing moderate-progressive Muslim in Malay world in caring for diversity, inclusion, openness, peace and harmony in the current global world
FROM POWER TO CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: Rewriting History of Shi‘ah in Aceh
Get PDFThis article aims to re-examine the history of Shi‘ah in Aceh by looking at the influence of Persian in Acehnese political and cultural landscapes of the society. There have been many studies on presence of Shi‘ah in Aceh by local, national, and international scholars. However, there is still gap among scholars about the coming of Shi‘ah and it influence in the province, due to the influence of Persian traditions. Through socio-historical and socio-anthropological approaches, this study describes the roots and influence of Persian in history of Aceh. This is to say it is necessary to look at how the impact on Persian in Acehnese society. It is also argued that the presence of Shiah in Aceh in contemporary era has led to cultural rather than politic and theology. However, because of conflict between Sunni and Shi‘ah in Middle East, issue on anti-Shi‘ah gives serious impact to religious life in the province
TRACING MAQASID AL-SHARI‘AH IN THE FATWAS OF INDONESIAN COUNCIL OF ULAMA (MUI)
Get PDFMajelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) or the Indonesian Council of Ulama has been issuing fatwas since its formation by the state in 1975. In the process of fatwa issuing within MUI, there are fundamental principles to be taken into account to make sure the protection Islamic teaching in all of its aspects, namely theology, law and social issues. The account to sacred texts is the outmost. In addition, the employment of maqasid al-shari‘ah is introduced to ensure the applicabi-lity and utility of faftwa, especially in the area of human interaction and social religious life. The employment of maqasid al-shari‘ah by MUI is apparent in its many fatwas, such as on medical and marriage issues. However, MUI only uses the archaic version of maqasid al-shari‘ah which is exclusive to the interest of Muslims. Progressive interpretation of maqasid al-shari‘ah which is designed for dealing with modern issues is not employed. Consequently, some MUI fatwas are deemed controversial in the context of plural and modern Indonesia
INDONESIAN ISLAM AND SOCIAL CHALLENGES BETWEEN MORAL CULTIVATION AND INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT
No full textThis paper deals with what is commonly known as an Indonesian Islam, its characters and challenges. It defines Indonesian Islam as that which is understood and practiced in Indonesia. The paper argues that, a particular context would determine the way Islam is being interpreted and then expressed. In this way, Indonesian Islam is different from its Arabic, Persian or Turkish counterparts. The paper also tries to show that Indonesian Islam transcends the social and cultural constructs of the Arab society in which it first emerged. To understand the way Islam is expressed here is therefore to get rid of those Arab socio-cultural limitations. Being unique however, Indonesian Islam is still related to what happens at the global scale. Hence, the challenges it faces are the same challenges faced by its counterparts. This paper tries to analyze those challenges and how Indonesian Islam deals with them. Basically, it argues that in dealing with those challenges posed particularly by the forces of modernity, Indonesian Islam undertakes two forms of strategy; 1) it tries to cultivate religious and moral values through education, and 2) it tries to develop its own religious discourses in line with its local culture. The first may be termed axiological while the second epistemological. The Nahdhadul Ulama (NU) movement may be treated as representing the first, while the so-called liberal thinkers represent the second
FROM CONTROVERSY TO TOLERANCE: Dynamics of the Development of Istiqomah Mosque in Front of a Church in Ungaran Central Java Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aims to reveal the dynamic of the development of a mosque in front of a church: the case study of Istiqomah Mosque of Ungaran. The dynamics of the development is seen from some factors that encouraged the establishment of the mosque, the phenomenon of controversy, the problem solution, and the development of tolerance model. The study uses a historical-qualitative approach. The primary data are gathered from interviews, documentation, and observation. The purposes of building the mosque were to balance the national development, to prevent the influence of the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI, Indonesian Communist Party), and to create a symbol of tolerance. Controversy occurred in the process of construction because some political and religious elites considered the mosque as political Islam. The controversy waned after the New Order’s elites supported the construction of the mosque. The implementation of a moderate Islamic principles influenced the mosque in building tolerance to the Kristus Raja church in front of it
TRANSMITTING ISLAM THROUGH STORIES: The Sociology of Production and Consumption of Islam in Novel Literature
Get PDFIslamic novel literature has become a new commodity in Indonesia. This paper examines the Islamic creative and cultural industry in recent development in Indonesia, exploring the Islamic publication through its exploitation of storytelling method as a means of production and consumption of Islamic commodities. As an object of analysis, it focuses on Islamic novel Ayat-Ayat Cinta. It particularly argues that Islamic publication has extended its capacity as a medium for transmitting religious ideas to producing and consuming economic commodities. It further argues that storytelling appears to be an effective method for both the transmission of Islamic teaching and the production and consumption of Islamic commodities. It maintains that positive responses from the market are not only in the form of purchasing the product of Islamic novel literature, but also in the form of following up the essence of cases in life exploited in stories developed in such an Islamic novel literature
FEMALE IMAM AND KHATIB: The Progressive Tradition of Gender-Responsive Practices in Balingka, West Sumatera
Get PDFThe practice of allowing women to be the imam and khatib for Eid prayer in Balingka has become a long tradition for more than a century. The simple way of thinking, the topographic problem, and the intention to form united community have allowed this tradition to be still practiced today. In reality, such tradition has never been mentioned in the classic fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). In fact, allowing women to be the imam and khatib in Eid prayer never occurs in Islamic community from other regions. To reach the goal of silaturrahim (the bond of friendship) between the local settlers and perantau (local people who live or work in other regions) also contribute to the perseverance of this tradition. This practice serves as the intermediary between the tendencies of fanaticism of traditional Islam and the radical religious changes offered by liberal Islam. Unknowingly, this practice, which is started from the small village, and inspired from the simple way of thinking, has implemented the notion of gender equality that promoted by the group of progressive Islam