Journal of Indonesian Islam
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GEERTZ’S TRICHOTOMY OF ABANGAN, SANTRI, AND PRIYAYI: Controversy and Continuity
Get PDFWith the Presidential Decree on Hari Santri Nasional (National Santri Day) in 2015, the debate on Clifford Geertz’ trichotomy of santri-priyayi-abangan reemerges in Indonesian society. This article, first, intends to delineate the meaning of the trichotomy. Second, it summarizes three main critiques of the trichotomy, namely: 1) priyayi is more appropriately included in the category of social class, not religious category; 2) as social identity, abangan was not the term generally accepted by people in that category; 3) the category is not rigid and, in term of religiosity, most of Javanese people were actually in the grey area between santri and abangan. This article then shows that even though the trichotomy has drawn criticism from scholars, it has been accepted as a standard categorization of Indonesian society. The application of this trichotomy was not limited in the study of religion or anthropology, but it has been used in history, politics, economy, and military studies. The new challenges of this concept, i.e. the inclusion of social class or Marxist perspective in studying Java and the divergent of santri in contemporary time, which contributes to the reemergence of the trichotomy with a new spectrum is the last focus of this article
RELIGIOUS ATTITUDES OF THEOLOGICAL TRADISIONALIST IN THE MODERN MUSLIM COMMUNITY: Study on Tahlilan in Kotagede
Get PDFIn modernist Islamic thoughts, anything that comes from tradition, and that does not have any justiable ground in the Islamic law, must be abandoned since it is considered as heresy. However, a totally opposite situation occurs in Kotagede. Tahlilan, one of those forbidden traditions, has been widely practiced by modernist Muslims. This paper attempts to examine the religious behavior of modernist community in Yogyakarta, especially with regard to motives and functions of their participation in tahlilan. Using Emil Durkheim's sociological approaches, namely social solidarity and functionalism, the research result shows that the tradition of tahlilan remains present amongst the modernist Muslim society in Kotagede due to three factors, these are, because of tolerance values and accommodative attitudes that they hold, the cultural aspects passed on from generation to generation, and the social needs. These three aspects can incorporate in each individual, and sometimes are only partially. It depends on the value system adopted by each individual. Furthermore, maintaining social role and status also becomes another factor that the tradition of tahlilan could be kept alive and preserved until now
THE PLURALISM OF ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW: Dialectic of Moslem and non-Moslem in the Development of Sharia Banking in Indonesia
Get PDFThe Fact that Moslems live in various places with diversity in terms of sociological, geographical and cultural aspect leads to law pluralism. Both western law and Islamic law acknowledge the concept of diversity of law (law pluralism). In this regard, this essay tried to show that the development of Islamic economic law including the sharia banking in Indonesia has unique characteristic since its development has the involvement of Moslems and Non-Moslems. The essay shows that the involvement of both Moslems and non-Moslems in the formulation process of Sharia Banking Act and its implementation is affected by ideological and political argumentation, juridical and economic argumentation, and social cultural perspective. The process involving Moslem and non-Moslem in the formulation process and implementation of Sharia Banking Act can be considered relational dialectic that consist of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis
CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS EDUCATION MODEL ON THE CHALLENGE OF INDONESIAN MULTICULTURALISM
Get PDFThis paper discusses the issue of religious education in relation to the challenge of religious multiculturalism in Indonesia. The focus of this paper is to find out the kind of religious education that is compatible with the challenge of religious multiculturalism. By employing the concept of religious multiculturalism and theory of religious education, this paper argues that to face the challenge of religious multiculturalism it is necessary to change the model of religious education from within, at and beyond the wall. Religious education “in” the wall contributes to shape an exclusive model of religiosity; while religious education “at” and “beyond” the wall contributes to shape an inclusive multiculturalistic model of religiosity. The last two models are applicable in Indonesia in order to face the challenge of multiculturalism, because both of them help students to accept, respect, and value religious differences. Religious education should show that the common enemy of religion is not people of different faiths, but poverty, corruption, violence, ignorance, and the like, and they have to stand together to fight against these true enemies
SOEHARTO AND THE POLITICIZATION OF INDONESIAN ISLAM (1968-1998)
Get PDFSoeharto treated Indonesian Muslim Communities with two different ways. On the one side, he has given them full freedom to conduct Islamic rituals such as prayers, almsgivings, fasting during Ramadhan, pilgrim and so on. On the other side, however, he has not given them full freedom to exercise politics at the practical level because it would raise problems in the long run. He handled their political activities tightly. Therefore he put whatever efforts necessary to safeguard his power interests such as launching Pancasila as the sole basis (asas tunggal) for all political parties and mass organizations, merging four Islamic political parties into one party, PPP and so on. After more than 30 years he conducted the politicization of Islam, the big mutiny and turbulences happened everywhere which was supported by all university students and caused the fall of his power in 1998 with sad ending and Indonesian reform era started
LEGAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL FATHER: The Analysis of Constitutional Court Decree No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 in the Perspective of Civil and Islamic Law
Get PDFIn Indonesia, children born out of wedlock only have legal relationship or family lineage relationship with their mother and mother’s family, not with their biological father and biological father’s family. This provisions of law are arranged in Article 43 paragraph (1) of Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 which is highly influenced by Shafi’ite School of Islamic jurisprudence. Through judicial review of Aisyah (Machica) Mochtar and her son named M. Iqbal Ramadhan, Constitutional Court has agreed to waive the provisions by means of the Decree Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 with legal consideration that the concerned article contravenes the Constitution, then it creates new legal norm which states those children have legal relationship and family lineage with their mother and mother’s family and also the man who is their father. The Decree sparks controversies concerning the term ‘children born out of wedlock’ and ‘legal relationship’ in the decree. Contrary to many law experts, the article argues that the term ‘children born out of wedlock’ simply means children born from zina (adultery or fornication). Thus, ‘legal relationship’ only refer to limited relationship between both parties
THE DEBATES SURROUNDING THE ACCOMMODATION OF ISLAMIC ADULTERY CRIME AND PUNISHMENT INTO INDONESIAN CRIMINAL CODE
Get PDFThe current bill of Indonesian Criminal Code is going to be sanctioned in no time. In the draft, the crime of adultery has leaned to Islamic criminal law in many respects, although the punishment is far more lenient. The definition of adultery has been broadened to cover fornication and cohabitation. Heavier punishment is applicable although not as severe in Islamic criminal law. When the draft is sanctioned, the Code arguable will be deemed more Islamic. This paper will discuss adultery as a crime in Indonesian Criminal Code as it is inherited from the Dutch, Islamic criminal law, and its stipulation in the Draft of Indonesian Criminal Code. The article also highlights the controversy surround the issue along the way
FOR THE SAKE OF PROTECTING RELIGION: Apostasy and its Judicial Impact on Muslim’s Marital Life in Indonesia
Get PDFThis paper discusses the rule of apostasy and its impact on the apostate’s legal status. It investigates how Indonesian Islamic family law administers the commit of apostasy and how it would determine the apostate’s legal status on his or her marriage and his or her right to custody of child in particular. Deploying socio-legal approach it observes how Muslim judges resolve familial cases related to apostasy at court and to what extent their legal decisions on these issues are shaped by the majority of religious authorities’ and their owm understanding of the Islamic doctrine of religious protection. It argues that while the Islamic state law has sought to move away from the classical religious rules in the administration of apostasy as to protect human rights, judges find it difficult to renounce the dogma that Muslims must protect their religion from any possible danger other groups of religion would create and that the religious protection is often in conflict with the realization of the right to religious freedom
ISLAMIC ACEHNESE IDENTITY, SHARIA, AND CHRISTIANIZATION RUMOR: A Study of the Narratives of the Attack on the Bethel Church in Penauyong Banda Aceh
Get PDFThis paper explores the narratives of the attack on the Bethel church (GBI/Gereja Bethel Indonesia) in Penauyong Aceh on June 17, 2012, provided for by the victims. Among these are those who hold fear of Christian missionaries, including one of the likely perpetrators, and those who dismissed these as mere rumors. After relating the incident to other violence across the nation during the reform period and to the local Aceh context, the paper delved into the interviews undertaken on July 2013, from which the sources of narratives were taken, explaining motivations behind the mob, trauma resulting from it, and other factors contributing to the incident. Through this article I argue that the sharia implementation raise the new identity formulation of Islamic Acehnese, through which the dividing line between ‘Muslims’ and others ‘non-Muslims’ is further stressed. This in turn nurtures, among other things, the sentiments among the Acehnese against the non-Muslims
CURRICULUM, ISLAMIC UNDERSTANDING AND RADICAL ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThis article is intended to argue several things. The first is that the educational institutions can play two roles within the context of transmitting Islamic understanding; either to preach the tolerance or in contrast the radicalism. The second is that the teachers affiliated to certain radical movements often fall in to corrupt practices by abusing the school curriculum, which actually is aimed at providing guideline for the teachers of Islamic Religion in order to promote characters of students in line with the values of Indonesia Islam. The third is that the condition and the environment of schools tend to allow the room for the deployment process of radical movements in Indonesia. This article will explore issues on the relationship between school curriculum and radicalism, the transmission of Islamic understanding as well as possible solutions for overcoming the spread of radicalism. In conclusion, this article will reinforce ideas that teachers are the most important instruments within the curriculum implementation. In this regards, it is important to note that curriculum in its various forms is just a text and hence the teachers are the ones really determine the ways in which it is being read and interpreted. It is suggested then that there is a duty that should be performed by the government to strengthen their ideology based on the country national guidelines embraced by Muslims in Indonesia