WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Environmental Management for Poultry Farm
Full text linkAttention has to be given to farming management, housing and waste handling in order to achieve an efficient farming and also to maintain a good environmental quality. A literature review was conducted to find out kinds of waste discharged from poultry farm, the effect of waste to environment and health and its handling and monitoring methods. Environmental problem of poultry farm comes from manure that causes bad odor. The source of odor is from the formation of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases, nitrate, and nitrite during decomposition process of manure. Air polluted by those gases can cause disturbance to chicken health and people who live near the farm. Ammonia can inhibit the growth of chicken and cause eyes irritation and respiratory problem to human being. Methods of odor handling using zeolite, lime, and microorganism have been attempted. Those materials, which are added into manure, can reduce the formation of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases. The manure can also be used as an organic fertilizer, and the farmer obtains good benefit from it, because it has high nitrogen content. To maintain a good environmental quality, especially from manure odor, continuous environmental monitoring has to be done that involving people who live around the farm. Their perception about manure odor has to be taken into consideration and they are also asked to report any problems caused by the pollution of manure odor. Key words: Handling, manure, monitorin
Forage Research Strategy for The Development of Goat Production in Indonesia
Full text linkThe development of goat for meat production has to be conducted and forage technology is needed to achieve the expected target of productivity. These forage technology have to be correctly designed for each existing major farming system within each regional developmental zone. It is therefore necessary to have national or regional agreement on zone where goat production should be developed. A general scheme for forage research basically involving 6 stages of evaluation, i.e., (1) germplasm collection; (2) multi-site testing of single accession; (3) swards productivity of selected accessions under cutting regime; (4) small plots for grazing evaluation, (5) large scale animal production assessment and (6) farm demonstration and commercial release. Many research results on forage technology currently available and generally had already passed the 2nd stage of evaluation. However, the multiplication of planting material should be prioritized. It also necessary to have active involvement of provincial AIAT (Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology) in advance stages of evaluation (5th and 6th stages). Relevant training and education for researchers, extensionists and farmers is needed to build up a strong support for high quality research results. Key words
Review on the Performances of Cihateup Duck (Anas platyrhynchos Javanica) as Genetic Resource of Local Poultry in Indonesia
Full text linkCihateup duck is one of the local Indonesian poultry genetic resources originated from West Java. These ducks are raised in Tasikmalaya and its surrounding area. Cihateup duck raised as layer or meat type duck is potential to provide business opportunities for people in West Java. For future development of Cihateup duck, some important potential characteristics of Cihateup ducks are required. This paper describes the phenotype performance, rearing management of Cihateup ducks and its genetic relationship with other ducks. Cihateup ducks have longer neck, wing, femur and tibia compared with other Indonesian ducks. Egg production (200 egg/head/year) is lower than Alabio and Mojosari ducks. The quality of meat (taste and flavour) is less preferred by consumers because of its odor. Genetic relationship between Cihateup duck with local ducks in Java is closer than Alabio ducks from South Kalimantan. Key words: Cihateup duck, performance, genetic resourc
Infectious Bovine Rinotracheitis (IBR) on Livestock Breeding Institution in Indonesia
Full text linkThe government livestock breeding farm in Indonesia had had a potential role for preventing the animals to spread the disease of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis. Prevalence of IBR have increased according by the time being in dairy and beef cattle. To anticipate the spread of the disease, government livestock breeding farm should be free of IBR disease, serologically and through isolation of the agent. As an alternative to control the disease, early warning detection of the infections and contamination on the product of artificial insemination centre and embryo transfer institution in Indonesia is more esential to use PCR as a toll to detect every batch of the products. Vaccination is one of the choise to prevent the disease in the field, especially in the area which the disease as an endemic, according to economical impact of the disease. Key words: IBR, livestock breeding farm, PCR, produc
Marek's Disease in Chicken: Clinico-Pathological Aspect and Diagnosis
Full text linkMarek’s is a limphoproliferative and oncogenic disease of poultry caused by a serotype 1 herpesvirus. Chicken between 10 and 15 weeks of age are the most susceptible although in some outbreaks it also affects other ages. The causal agent consists of some virus strains with different pathotypes causing a variety of clinical and pathological manifestations. The main pathological features are neurological lesion and lymphoma formation in some visceral organs. Marek’s disease is clinically classified as classical, acute, peracute and chronic with neurological disorder and superficial tumor. At necropsy the peripheral nerves were enlarged, discoloured and loss of striation. There were formation of lymphoid tumour in various visceral organs. Microscopically Marek’s produced non suppurative encephalitis/neuritis and pleomorphic tumour. The diagnosis is based on the history of the disease, age of affected chicken, clinical and pathological features. A definitive diagnosis is made by virological and serological tests. Some of the Marek’s cases in Indonesia were discussed in this paper, as well as review on clinico- pathological aspects how to confirm the diagnosis of Marek’s. Key words. Marek’s Disease, chicken, clinical, pathological, diagnosi
Interaction Between Toxic and Essential Metals in The Biological System, and Their Effect on Animal Health
Full text linkAmong the various toxic elements, heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Hg are commonly present in the environment. These metals have no biological function in the animal, but their presence in tissues reflect contact of the organism with its environment. Studies of the toxicity mechanism of these elements in the biological systems of the animals are important especially interaction between them and some essential dietari elements like Ca, Zn, Fe, Se, and Cu. In general a deficiency from one of the essential element increases toxicity of heavy metals, whereas an excess appears to be protective. These suggest that dietary presence of the essential elements may to protection of animal from the effects of heavy metal exposure. Addition of essential elements in the diet can be used for the treatment of heavy metal toxicity. Key words : Toxic metals, essential metals, interactio
Potential of Animal Production Integrated to The Palm Oil Estate as an Agribusiness Base on Ruminant
Full text linkPalm oil estates is very large in Indonesia, predominantly in North Sumatera, Riau and South Sumatera provinces. The production of by-products such as palm oil leaf (POL); palm oil fronds (POF); solid ex decanter (SED) and palm kernel cake (PKC) are 17,1 tons; 486 tons; 840−1260 kgs; 567 kgs in dried form per-hectar per-year respectively. A number of research showed that the utilization of these by-products are potential as energy and protein source for cattle and sheep and can reduce 20-40% of feeding cost compared to conventional concentrate diet. According to 70−80% of total production cost are feed cost, there fore using these by-products give an agreat opportunity to integrate the animal production with palm estate as an agribisnis scale. The plantation area that have an oil palm industry is the main opportunity for establishing the integration production system. The feed industry can be run efficiently, because by-products can be supplied by oil industry directly. Key words: Integration, palm oil, livestock, by-product
Characteristics of Beef Packed in a Plastic Bag Vacuum (Vacuum Pack)
No full textDevelopment of vacuum packaging teknology on beef production in Indonesia has been started since 1990’s by meat packer industry. The application of vacuum pack technology give advantage for both producer and customer. The advantage for producer is the ability to maintain the shelf life of the products, prevent cross contamination and improve meat quality or tenderness due to ageing process. While from the customer point of view, the packaging technology is an assurance for quality and wholesomeness of the products to be consumed. The vacuum pack technology have been applied mainly for imported prime beef required by hotel and restaurants. However, for most of the customers in Indonesia, the vacuum pack technology for fresh chilled beef has not been well recognized. Therefore, it is important to present a complete information on mechanism and characteristic of vacuum packed chilled beef in order to improve preference in utilising vacuum packed technology
Food Safety for Animal Products: The Need in The International Free Trade
Full text linkIssues of food safety, includes the food safety for the animal products grows to inhibit the incoming of low quality imported animal product which is unsafe for human being. Therefore several countries enhance to produce high quality of animal product and safe to be consumed. This paper reviews several factors that distribute to the quality and food safety in every single chain of the preparation of animal products. In pre-production step, many factors involve to the quality and safety because several contaminants and diseases can be happened in this step. Several data of diseases and contaminants which causes the negative impacts on economic, political and health will be provided in this paper. An effort to produce high quality and safe animal products can be done by implementing the HACCP in every step of preparation of it (GAP, GHP, GMP, GDP, and GRP). To assure the distribution of high quality and halal of imported animal products in Indonesia, it is necessary to give more strict regulation which is supported by infrastructure, facilities, human resources development and law enforcement. Key words: Food safety, animal products, international free trade, HACC
Heat Stress on Poultry: Metabolism, Effects and Efforts to Overcome
Full text linkPoultry industries in the tropics are challenged by high ambient temperatures and humidities which cause poultry suffer from heat stress. Heat stress contributes to the instability of certain compounds, such as enzymes. Consequently the enzymes function reduces. Affecting the physiological and hormonal conditions of the poultry. In such condition, the body will attempt to restore homeostasis to the state before it happened. When physiological failed to meet the condition, the body will use the genetic pathway by activating Heat Shock Protein (HSP) genes to protect proteins which are sensitive to high temperatures. Heat stress in poultry triggers the emergence of various diseases and affects the growth of poultry and egg production. These negative effects on poultry can be minimized by selecting the type of chickens which are tolerant to high ambient temperature, modifying microclimates of cages and adding anti-stress compounds through feed and or drink. Key words: Heat stress, heat shock protein, physiological conditions, poultr