WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Reorganization of Breeding Institutions to Develop Breeding Stock of Indonesian Holstein
Get PDFDevelopment of dairy cattle production through breeding system improvement is not well arranged for guaranteeing a successful to increase capability of Indonesian milk industries. Some constraints that inhibit the programs are only a short-term program available to improve cattle production ie., improvement of rearing and feeding management; a small number of finance available; no appropriate joint-action between breeding institutions; and the operational of recording program and progeny test are very limited. Other factors that also directly or indirectly influence the development of dairy cattle production are only a small number of animal unite is kept by farmer, limited land area per family, no access for banking supported, and relatively small upland area available in comparison to milk requirement in Indonesia. Improvement of breeding program by way of artificial insemination (AI) is good conducted but the problem is the bulls for producing AI’s semen are not tested under Indonesian condition. Therefore, proven bulls that tested in Indonesia has to be priority together with identification for highly producing cows. All activities can be well organized if the recording program recorded by farmer or some one else and all breeding institutions can rearrange their programs to produce a better mechanism for supporting Indonesian milk industries. Key words: Institution, breeding, Indonesian Holstei
Using Artificial Insemination Technology in Goats
Get PDFIn general, local goat productivity in Indonesia is relatively still lower than that from the temperate area. Yearling body weight in local goat about 14-17 kg. However, the local goat have superiority, such as adaptability and a good reproductive performance, which have litter size 1,49-1,61. Increasing local goat productivity may be done by breeding program (cross breeding and selection) and the environmental improvement. Both cross breeding program and selection that involve mating regulation will be efficient by reproductive technology application, such as artificial insemination (AI). Application of AI in goats is limited by four main factors that influence simultaneously, viz. poor quality of frozen semen, the variety of female reproductive performance, improper technical and insemination time, and poor management. To overcome these constraints his obligatory to pay more attention, so that AI will be able to be used as one of tools to increase the population and genetic quality in goats. Key words: Goat, reproductive efficiency, artificial inseminatio
Potential Development of Bioindustry in Cattle and Oil Palm Integration System
Get PDFAn integrated system between cattle and oil palm plantation has a great potency for development of bioindustry, either in the form of animal feed or organic fertilizer bioindustry. Bioindustry of cattle feed is developed from biomass of plantations, such as stem and leaves of palm, palm kernel and solid. Bioindustry of organic fertilizer is developed from cattle manure. The targets of development of bioindustry are palm plantations in Sumatera and Kalimantan regions, covering 9.25 million hectares. It is estimated to be able to produce biomass quantity as much as 54.60 million tons per year which can be used as fodder for 12.13 million animal unit (AU) of beef cattle, whereas currently there are only 3.06 million AU cattle in Sumatera and Kalimantan, so the opportunities for the addition of cattle in both islands are 9.07 million AU. The existing beef cattle population of 3.06 million AU has the potency to produce 6.1 million tons of organic fertilizer can be used to fertilize 3.0 million hectares, therefore the rest of 6.25 million hectares remain unfertilised. The prospect of bioindustries on integration system of cattle with oil palm plantations in Sumatera and Kalimantan is very potential to meet the needs of organic fertilizer for plants and to utilize oil palm biomass for cattle feed. Key words: Bioindustry, biomass of oil palm plantation, cattle manur
The Role Of Milk Peptide As Antimicrobial Agent In Supporting Health Status
Get PDFAntimicrobial peptide is commonly present in all species as a component of their innate immune defense against infection. Antimicrobial peptides derived from milk such as isracidin, casocidin, casecidin and other fragments with variety of amino acid sequence are released upon enzymatic hydrolysis from milk protein К-casein, α-casein, β-casein, α-lactalbumin and β- lactoglobulin. These peptides were produced by the activity of digestive or microbial protease such as trypsin, pepsin, chymosin or alcalase. The mode of action of these peptides is by interaction of their positive with negative charge of target cell membrane leading to disruption of membrane associated with physiological event such as cell division or translocation of peptide across the membrane to interact with cytoplasmic target. Modification of charged or nonpolar aliphatic residues within peptides can enhance or reduce the activities of the peptides against a number of microbial strains and it seems to be strain dependent. Several peptides act not only as an antimicrobial but also as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, antioxidant, immunomodulator, antiinflamation, food and feed preservative. Although the commercial production of these peptides is still limited due to lack of suitable large-scale technologies, fast development of some methods for peptide production will hopefully increase the possibility for mass production. Key words: Peptide, antimicrobial, mil
The Potential of Crop Residues as Feed Resources for Ruminant in Indonesia
Get PDFThe growth rate of ruminant population between 1997-2001 was decreased for beef cattle 1,46%, buffalo 6,73%, goat 2,89% and sheep 0,55%. But the population of dairy cattle increased 2,90%, meanwhile milk production increased was 6,29% per year. On the other hand, at the same time the number of slaughtered animals increased for beef cattle (0,53%), goat (4,39%) and sheep (23,15%), and buffalo was decreased 2,13%. Production of ruminant meat decreased 2,39% annually. The goat meat was decreased (9,03%) than sheep meat (6,36%), buffalo meat (2,51%) and beef meat (0,95%). The quantity of crop residues produced as a feed resources for ruminant is 51.546.29751.546.297 ,3 tons dry matter or 23.151.344,6 tons total digestible nutrient., as result it available feed for ruminant was 14.750.777,1 animal unit (AU). While the population of ruminant is 11.995.340 LU so that it can be able to increase the population up to 2.755.437,1 LU or 18,68 %. Key words: Crop residues, ruminantCallSend SMSAdd to SkypeYou'll need Skype CreditFree via Skyp
Mastitis in Ettawa Crossbred Goat (Pe) Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus: Epidemiology, Clinical Signs, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Control
Get PDFMastitis in Ettawa crossbred goat is commonly found and caused economic loss. Staphylococcus aureus is one of bacteria caused clinical mastitis or subclinical mastitis in Ettawa crossbred goat. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of clinical and subclinical mastitis in the Ettawa crossbred goat caused by S. aureus from epidemiological aspect, clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Mastitis should be eliminated because it lead to death for the goats and lambs. In addition, S. aureus has greater risk for contamination in milk because it produces heat-stable toxin. Isolation and identification bacteria with total of somatic cell counts are important as a reference to determine the actions to decrease the occurrence of mastitis. Some preventive measures for mastitis include clean milking, dipping the teats with a disinfectant and antibiotic treatment during dry lactation. Key words: Ettawa crossbred goat, mastitis, S. aureus, diagnosis, preventi
Bovine Ephemeral Fever As A Disease Related To Climate Change
Get PDFBovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) is one of arbovirus diseases infecting in ruminants especially cattle and buffaloes, which istransmitted by mosquito vectors. In general, vector borne disease is also related to climate change, that mosquito as a vector will significantly increase when the environment temperature increases. The disease was found in many countries in Asia, Africa and Australia. The clinical sign of the disease such as fever to paralysis causes economical impact to the farmer, eventhough the mortality is very low. This review will discuss the disease in relation to climate change, which affects vector population that spread the disease. The more population of vector is the higher chance of animal to be infected. This condition describes that the spread of BEF will depend on some factors included the increase of vectors, the availability of susceptible host and vector media facilities, climate condition and supportive ecology. This paper will discuss the feature of BEF, mode of transmission, the impact of environment and climate change, disease prevention and control, and other aspects to prevent further economical impact. It will also discuss how to the transmission, prevention and control of disease BEF. The information can be taken as an input for policy makers to prevent BEF infection in Indonesia.Key words: Bovine ephemeral fever, epidemiology, vector, diagnosis, climate chang
Opportunities and Challenges to Improve National Milk Production
Get PDFNational milk production is still unable to fulfil the demand of milk from year by years. Imported dairy cows were able to increase national milk production, but it hasn't able yet to meet the demand of milk that is increased each year. Therefore, national milk production must be increased significantly in order to reduce the gap between national milk production and the demand of milk step by step in the coming years. The opportunities to increase national milk production are still feasible. The recommendation of importing dairy cows is good to continue, increased calving rate has to be planed and reducing mortality rate must be conducted for increasing dairy cows population and the national milk production. The opportunities for increasing national milk production in the form of improving feed management and intensifying artificial insemination have not been implemented optimally. Feed improvement management could be created through increasing quantity and quality of feed, giving opportunity of increasing national milk production about 23,85%. The wide open opportunities to increase national milk production are not free from amount of challenges. The price of milk is still low, the limit of forage production, uneconomical dairy scale farming, unsatisfied livestock breeding, the lack of capital, the competitive of milk import, inefficient management of milk cooperative are the significant challenges in increasing national milk production. Key words: Dairy cattle, milk production, supply and deman
Anthrax Outbreak of Ostrich Farm in The Regency of Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFAn anthrax outbreak in ostrich farm in the Regency of Purwakarta, West Java occurred in late of 1999. It is belived that the case as the first reported anthrax outbreak of ostrich in Indonesia. A total number of 254 head of ostriches have had succumbed of the disease and the death of ostriches has actually been commenced in August, 1999 until December, 1999. The anthrax diagnosis has been confirmed laboratorically by the Research Institute for Veterinary Science (RIVS), Bogor, West Java. It was found that 59 out of 130 pieces of processed ostrich skin samples were positive Bacillus anthracis. Whereas, 4 soil samples and 37 frozen meats offals and body fat samples were all negative. In parallel of the outbreak of anthrax in Purwakarta, special action have to be forced into the community as far as the veterinary policy of the Republic of Indonesia in concerned. Key words: Anthrax, ostrich, Purwakarta, outbrea
Characteristics of White Duck Mojosari and its Future Development for Commercial Duck Meat
Get PDFWhite duck Mojosari will own the good enough prospect when used as by component in forming of duck meat type. Egg production average was 224 eggs per bird per year, and its was competed with brown plumage. Average of egg weight is 65.15 ± 4.84 g, the length of egg is 54.95 ± 2.49 mm and wide surface of egg is 45.66 ± 2.33 mm. White plumage for laying duck type perhaps will be more a lot of constraint. Farmer habit for color pattern believed, that was as proudly varieties breeder on the each area. Serati duck still a lot of constraint because the consumer demand is more like with white performance and cleanness product. This condition was opinion by existence of chicken broiler which enough modern skill and progress in developed. The solution of overcome is crossing between white plumage duck and white plumage muscovy drake will very help to get the product desired by consumer. Expected of Serati duck could be developed for farm breeder industry and opportunities for the farmer business in villages. Key words: Mojosari duck, feather color pattern, Serati, commercia