WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Scabies of Animals and Humans: Problems and Control Strategy
Get PDFScabies is a contagious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei affecting a wide range of host species including buffalo, pigs, goats, horses, rabbits, dogs, cats, and humans. The disease in livestock causes skin irritation, decreases of meat production and quality of skin as well as affecting human health. Scabies has a worldwide distribution, including Indonesia with various prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in different host species. Diagnostic of the disease is carried out by observing clinical symptoms and scraping the infected skin to find the parasite. Scabies can be prevented by good sanitation, and chemotherapy of livestock is performed by ivermectine, asuntol and neguvon injections. Key words : Scabies, animals, humans, diagnostic, contro
Reconstruction of Beef Cattle and Dairy Cattle Development in Indonesia
Get PDFDairy cattle and beef cattle industrial development have not fulfilled consumption requirement in Indonesia. Indonesia has imported milk since the beginning of Pelita I (Five years planning of Indonesian development). Once Indonesia was able to export beef, but a now days beefis being imported, and continue to increase every year. There are four factors need to be considered (1) the dairy and beef cattle form which has been raised separately, should be raised jointly and developed with "dual purpose" cattle, (2) livestock production system, should be carried as commercial enterprise, (3) application of appropriate technologies, (4) develop proper marketing in line with production system. Key words : Dairy cattle, beef cattle, "dual purpose" cattle, milk, meat, developmen
Important Diseases of Buffalo in Indonesia
Get PDFBuffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is classified as valuable asset for farmers as source of additional income, meat and draught animal power in agricultural cultivable land. For the last five years, the buffalo population in Indonesia is significantly declining from 3.0 million (1997) to 2.3 million (2001) and one of causal factors is an animal disease. Some of the important buffalo diseases in Indonesia are: Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF), Septicaemia Epizootica (SE), Enterotoxaemia, Surra and Fasciolosis. MCF is a fatal disease affecting buffalo. The aetiological agent is unknown and for diagnosis of MCF based on clinico-pathological finding and histopathological examination. SE is an acute infectious disease of buffalo caused by Pasteurella multocida, characterized by acute inflammation of the respiratory organ and fatal cases by acute fibrinous pneumonia. Enterotoxaemia in buffalo is caused by Clostridium perfringens type A. Cases of buffaloes death were attributable to fatal C. perfringens alpha intoxication originating from enteritis of small intestine. Surra is caused by Trypanosoma evansi. Infection in buffalo, generally shows only chronic clinical signs with loss of body weight as the major effect. Fasciolosis or Liver Fluke Disease in buffalo is caused by one or more species of Trematode (Fasciola sp.), characterized by chronic cholangitis, bile duct containing fibrosis and mineralization in the wall and Fasciola sp. in the lumen. Some factors in diseases control appear to be consisted of quick reporting, isolation and treatment for suffering animals and vaccination with a high quality vaccine for the succeptible animals. Key words: Buffalo, animal disease, disease contro
Application of Polymerase Chainreaction (PCR) In Diagnosis of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) in Indonesia
Get PDFMalignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal viral disease of cattle, buffalo and other ruminants characterized by proliferation and infiltration of lymphocytes and followed by necroses of infected organs . According to the aetiological of the agents, MCFis classified into two types: wildebeest-associatedMCF(WA-MCF) which is caused by Alcelaphinae herpesvirus-1 (AHV-1) and sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) which is caused by Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2). Most MCF cases in Indonesia is SA-MCF. Due to the intact virus of SA-MCF has not been able isolated, the diagnosis of this disease is based on the clinical signs and pathological changes. However, a segment of DNA virus of SA-MCF has been isolated from MCF cases in rabbit, deer, and cattle which provided an opportunity to study a DNA sequencing and led to the development of diagnostic technique based on the molecular biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The PCR technique was able to detect segments of DNA of SA-MCF virus in infected organs . This publication describes the application of PCR for diagnosis of SA-MCF in Indonesia. Key words : MCF, PCR, diagnosis, cattle, buffal
Colibacillosis in Chickens: Etiology, Pathology and Control
Get PDFColibacillosis in poultry is an infectious disease of birds in which Escherichia coli is the primary or secondary pathogen. The disease affects broiler and layer of all age groups, but is more frequent in young than mature. Many outbreaks occur in poultry raised under low standard of sanitation, poor environmental conditions or after a respiratory or immunosuppressive disease. There are three serotypes of E. coli, O1:K1, O2:K1 and O78: K80, and other serotypes that have been identified in organs of sick birds, feed, drinking water and litter from farms in the area of Java and Bali. E. coli is present in normal intestines of bird and is distributed widely in faeces. Birds are continuously exposed through contaminated faeces, water, dust and environment. Diagnosis of colibacillosis is based on clinical picture, pathognomonic lesions (septichemia, airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis) and isolation of E. coli. Outbreaks are usually as the result of a combination of etiological factors including the presence of other infections such as Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS), Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD), Newcastle Disease (ND), etc. Treatments are usually effective if given early and antibiotic sensivity testing is advised where applicable. To prevent Coli bacterial infection should be taken on an improved farm management. Hatchery sanitation/ desinfection procedure should be practiced. Vacination program is undertaken to protect against immunosuppressive and respiratory disease. Key words: Colibacillosis, poultry, etiology, pathology, contro
Understanding The Expression and Characteristics of Callipyge Gene in Sheep
Get PDFLambs meat consumers prefer large loin chops that have limited external fat. Intense selection process, sometimes resulting individual gene mutation. The mutant allele could be used as a marker for specific characterization and for growth response to specific environment. The gene is identified as a single gene, and called as Callipyge. Genotyping analyses on reciprocal cross offspring showed that Callipyge locus flanked to markers of CSSM18 and TGLA122 from ovine chromosome 18. The sheep has extreme phenotype which similar with that of the cattle containing single gene of double muscled. Phenotype of ovine callipyge is expressed in heterozygote individual of CLPGP/clpgM produce from heterozygous ram for callipyge gene (CLPGP/clpgM) and normal ewes (clpgP/clpgM). Offspring ratio from the segregation pattern is 1:1. A mating between heterozygous animals (CLPGP/clpgM) or all Callipygous parents resulted on 25% Callipygous and 75% normal lambs. The ratio of Callipygous offspring phenotype is not following mendelian segregation. Some reports on characteristic analyses showed that the birth weigh of normal and Callipygous is not significant different. However, after weaning the growth rates of both lambs are different. The dressing carcass percentage of normal lambs (53.9%) is significantly lower than that of Callipygous (57.3%). The Callipyge gene express the body weigh from 20 to 69 kg. Its muscle weigh is 40% higher than normal lambs. The different of superficial gluteal, adductor tensor facia latae of Callipygous muscle with those of normal lambs are 63%, 47% and 22.3% respectively. The carrier lamb has less internal (pelvic fat) or external (loin) fats, but it has 43.0% larger of rib eye area. Key words: Sheep, callipyge gene, heterozygot
Some Factors Trigger Increasing Foodborne Diseases Cases of Livestock Origin
Get PDFFood is an essential need for various human body activities. Consequently, food must be guaranteed to be free from biological, chemical, and physical contaminants and other hazardous substances that can obstruct health. The presence of various hazardous contaminants in food may result in the appearance of foodborne diseases, i.e. human diseases spread through contaminated food and drinks. Biological contaminants in food can be bacteria, viruses, parasites, moulds, or fungi. The most dangerous biological contaminants that may cause an epidemic disease in human are pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., Vibrio cholerae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Shigella, etc. Researchers believe that there are several factors that can be the trigger that increase of foodborne diseases cases such as community demography by increasing the individual groups that are more susceptible to pathogenic foodborne infections, human behaviour related to the changes in the community life style and consumption, the advances in industrial and technological sectors through the increase of large scale food industries concentrated in one location, the global trade or travel, and increasing bacterial resistances against antimicrobials as the result of the increasing the uses of antimicrobials for disease prevention and cure in animals and humans. Key words: Factors trigger, foodborne diseases, contaminants, livestock, foo
Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L) As A Promising Forage In Indonesia
Get PDFAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L) or Lucerne is a perennial herbaceous legume with superior forage quality. It is the most important forage crop in the world and it was the first domesticated forage crop. Alfalfa is able to fix nitrogen from the air through a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria with N production 7.85 – 10.37 g/m2. Its rooting system can reach 4.5 m that allows it to escape drought. Forage production can reach 15.48 tons of dry matter per ha/year and containing 18.0 – 29.1 % crude protein. Plants can live 3 to 12 years depending on climatic conditions and crop varieties. However, alfalfa is not a tropical plant, thus it has not been widely cultivated in Indonesia. The problem of alfalfa cultivation are high pest attacks and competition with weeds. Therefore, alfalfa cultivation requires attention and good management to obtain optimum yield. Key word: Alfalfa, forage production, nutrition, pes
Development of Local Chicken Production Based on Local Feed Ingredients
Get PDFDevelopment of local chicken production based on local feed ingredient is in line with the vision of Indonesian goverment to fulfill meat and egg national requirement based on local resources. There are two big problem which become stumblingblock in developing local chicken production. The first problem is the difficulty to get day old chick of local chicken. This problem can be solved by integrating breeder institutions belong to goverment with research institution and with local chicken producer association. The second problem is the low performance of local chicken. To improve local chicken performance, it can be done by improving the breed, feed and management. Several research results show that good performance of local chicken were obtained by inclusion of local feed ingredients in the ration. Therefore, development of local chicken production based an local feed resources can be applied. Key words: Development, local chicken, local resource
Reproductive Behaviour Of Timor Deer (Rusa Timorensis)
Get PDFTimor deer (Rusa timorensis) is a newly domesticated animal in Indonesia and other countries in the world. It is a potential source of meat and livelihood. Low birth rate is a problem of deer farming in Indonesia. It happens because of low concern for key aspects of behaviors including reproductive behavior. The aim of this review is to give information about reproductive behavior of Timor deer in natural habitat and captivity breeding. Libido and estrous behaviors of Timor deer in captivity breeding were similar with natural habitat. However, male Timor deer in captivity breeding took longer time to approach the females before mating, compared with those in their natural habitat. Aggressive behavior commonly leads mating. Parturition and maternal behavior of hinds are affected by limitation of space, therefore dividing the area of cage which depends on age and physiological status is needed to improve reproductive management. Key words: Reproductive behavior, captivity, Timor dee