WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Empowerment Of Position And Roles Of Traditional Leaders In The Development Of Livestock Hamlet In The Banten Province
Get PDFDeveloping livestock village is a suitable effort to enhance meat production for fulfilling increasing of the product demand. Developing livestock village in form of Sheep Hamlet in the Regency of Pandeglang, Province of Banten, is also function as forest and environmental buffer zone. Another target of such a livestock development center is to improve farmer’s income by at least 50% of Banten’s Minimum Regional Wage. The success of Sheep Hamlet so far depends upon the following socio-cultural factors: (a) the basic culture of the Bantams, (b) local leadership, and (c) decision making pattern and process. The development of livestock hamlet depends on the roles of local informal figure in the respective area. Such a local leader can help accelerating the success of a livestock development in a sustainable fashion. The existence of a respected local figure is a crucial entry point in the process of livestock hamlet development in the such area. Key words: Livestock hamlet, local institutio
Study of Antigenicity and Immunogenicity Gra1 Protein from Toxoplasma gondii
Get PDFToxoplasmosis is known as zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection. This microorganism has ability to evade immune system by forming parasitophorus vacuole (PV) formed through the phagosome vacuole modification by secreting dense granule protein (GRA). Among GRAs protein, GRA1 was selected as candidate for vaccine development. However, it remains controvercial whether the protein has adequate antigenicity and strong immunogenicity which are suitable for vaccine candidate. Some researcher reported that DNA vaccine of GRA1 was able to induce cellular mediated immunity and proinflamatoric humoral immunity. In fact, another study demonstrated that GRA1 protein was only antigenic based on their molecular weight and bioinformatic analysis.The other studies also showed that GRA1 was considered as weak immunogen based on bioinformatic studies. The ability of GRA1 protein to stimulate immune responses, both humoral and cellular mediated immunity were seemly caused by adjuvant. Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, GRA1, cellular mediated immunity, humoral immunit
Incidence and Control of Selakarang Disease In Horses
Get PDFSelakarang is a fungal disease attacking horses. Although the mortality rate is low, the morbidity is high leading to economic loss. The island of Sulawesi has about 151.000 horses and they are distributed in 5 provinces: North, Central, West, South, and South-East Sulawesi which potentially has endemic outbreaks caused by the Selakarang fungus, Histoplasma farciminosum. The disease might be endemic throughout Indonesia if the horse trading is not monitored. In Maros, South Sulawesi, the disease is found with symptoms in the form of nasal, cutan, and ocular symptoms. Ignorance of the appropriate authorities will increase the likelihood of spread of the disease. According to the Staatblad act produced in 1912 and the disease belonged to the zoonotic disease and when it is not well handled and properly managed, infection to human may occur. Prevention is better than treatment. In the future, we may propose to produce inactive vaccines and develop serological test to detect antigen and antibody in RIVS collaborating with other government agencies or private parties interested in this disease control. Key words: Horse, Selakarang Disease, Sulawes
The Economic Impact of Merapi Volcano Eruption in Livestock Farming Systems
Get PDFMerapi volcano eruption has impact significantly to the most of surrounding farming areas, including livestock, which belongs to rural peoples as the main sources of income. Estimated loss of economic values of resources amounted to IDR 5821 billion, covering among others: salak pondok, farm animals (dairy, beef cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and poultry) and food crops (maize and rice field) business. The areas mostly hit by the eruption include the districts of Boyolali, Klaten and Magelang of Central Java, and District of Sleman in DIY. Livestock sub sector of the economy in these areas suffers losses in terms of death of animals, sold and unsold animals, fodder crops, and reduced of milk production. It has been estimated that these losses have reached IDR 88,320 billion. Rehabilitation and reconstruction programs are necessary for both short and longer terms efforts to recover people livelihood which derived particularly from livestock farming. Key words: Economic impact, Merapi eruption, livestock farmin
The Role of Animal Serum Bank in Investigating Animal Diseases by Seroepidemiological and Retrospective Studies
Get PDFSerum bank is a place to collect sera from random collection as a representative population for a long period and still maintain its characteristic of biochemical and immunological aspects. Serum Bank can store many sera from different species of animals from different areas. National and regional serological surveys can be done relatively in short period, without the need of skilled human resources and budget to collect the sera from the field. Hence, the basic information or seroepidemiological and retrospective studies can be obtained within in a short time. Serum Bank at Research Institute for Veterinary Science (RIVS) consists of survey and sentinel collections which were conducted by RIVS staffs, regional livestock services, Disease Investigation Center and farmers. This paper will describe the role, management, the advantages of Bank Serum and its problem. Due to its importance, Serum Bank needs to be maintained to keep its function for other purposes. Key words: Serum Bank, serum collection, animal disease
Breeding Analysis of Beef Cattle in Madura
Get PDFBreeding of beef cattle in Madura Island is extremely determined by using the best Madura cattle namely Sonok cows and racing bull through selection system with exploiting germ plasm conservation of Madura cattle in Sapudi Island, and improving crossbreeding programme between Madura cattle and exotic cattle. Therefore, there are three points should be done in beef cattle breeding programme in Madura Island. First, selection models by distributing the bull stocks from the central area of Sonok and racing bull cattle or using their liquid/frozen cement to the region that’s less of good bulls. Second, germ plasm conservation of Madura cattle in Sapudi Island is remained so that must be acted soon because in this time the area has been met Ongole cattle dan their crossbred. Third, crossbreeding program should be settle for the blood proportion of both Madura and sub tropiccal cattle breeds in the some of blood percentage or the contribution of sub tropics blood is in between 25 – 50% tolerated. The most easy way can be established for this policy, F1 is only produced for slaugtering or fattening male and female. Key words: Breeding, Madura cattle, Madura Islan
Prospect of Dairy Cattle Development Outside Java Island to Support Milk Self Sufficiency in Indonesia
Get PDFDairy cattle in Indonesia have known as Holstein Friesian (FH) cows with the highest milk production in the world. The cow have a good adaptability to subtropical to tropical climate, and from highlands to lowlands. The FH cows grow quite well in areas with an altitude of more than 700 m above sea level as well as in lowland areas with a range of 0 – 300 m above sea level such as in Pasuruan (East Java), Sumedang (West Java), and Kampar (Riau). FH cows produce milk in a range between 3000 – 4000 liters per lactation or an average of 10.7 liter/head/day. Indonesia has a good prospect to develop dairy industry due to a potential of population that nearly to 240 million people. Milk consumption tends to increase along with growth on economic and income per capita of Indonesia people. Domestic milk production has only reached 30% of national demand. Up to the moment, production center of dairy population has concentrated in Java (99%), even though it has limitation on land availability and feed sources. Therefore, the development of dairy industry outside of Java need to be supported as the strengths to do are available such as a market potential for fresh milk, adaptability of climate and local feed resources. The central and provincial government have to accelerate the roles on facilitation and regulation including easily access to financial sources to get liability of commercial credit for farming business. Key words: Dairy cow, outside java, milk self-sufficienc
Market Driving to Develop Rabbit Meat Products in Indonesia
Get PDFRabbit meat is a nutritional food containing high protein and low cholesterol, fat and sodium. Current research in rabbit production is aimed for developing production strategies to increase the nutritional and economic values of rabbit meat products as functional food. Nowadays, producing rabbit is a popular farming activity in many parts of Indonesia as a small and medium scale operation for food security and cash income. Rabbit farming is to produce meat, skin and hides, fur, organic fertilizers and pet or fancy animals. Consumption of rabbit meat is considered very low, due partly to low meat supply and inavailability of marketing. In some tourist areas, such as Lembang (West Java), Tawangmangu (Central Java), Sarangan and Batu (East Java) rabbit meat is a specific food. Attempt to create and drive rabbit markets will simultaneously increase meat production to fulfill the demand and meet economic scale of farming. Hence, this will give significant impact to the farmers’ welfare. Availability of good quality meat, dissemination and diversification of meat products, production efficiency toward competitive price along with its proper marketing strategy will drive consumers’ preferences to consume more rabbit meat. Market driving needs to be created in order to promote rabbit meat products by establishing food outlets. This program has been developed by a farmers group in Magelang, Central Java. During the period of 2006 – 2007 the food outlets had increased to 5 outlets, and in 2012 become 9 outlets. This market driving will also have an impact on changing orientation of rabbit farming from traditional to a small and medium economic scale that will influence the production efficiency.Key words: Market driving, rabbit production, farmers group associatio
Mulberry Foliage As Forage Protein Source For Sheep And Goat
Get PDFProtein is one of limiting nutrient factor that determine the production level of livestock including sheep and goat. However, the price of protein feed source from oil meal or animal by-products is expensive and sometimes it is not are affordable by small scale farmers in the village. On the other hand, ruminants animal have the advantage of having rumen which able in using protein from forage to meet their protein requirement. Therefore this is important to obtain alternative feed which is cheap, affordable and have high quality and available throughout the year to increase sheep and goat productivity. Mulbery (Morus alba) plant can grow well all the year in tropical condition like Indonesia. Mulbery foliage has high protein content ( 20%), so it is potential to be used as protein foliage source in goat and sheep diet. Mulberry foliage supplementation in sheep diet could increase dry matter consumption 22.5% and followed by average daily gain 85% compared to unsuplemented diet. Key words: Mulberry foliage, protein, sheep and goa
Genetic Reassortment Among the Influenza Viruses (Avian Influenza, Human Influenza and Swine Influenza) in Pigs
Get PDFInfluenza A virus is a hazardous virus and harm to respiratory tract. The virus infect birds, pigs, horses, dogs, mammals and humans. Pigs are important hosts in ecology of the influenza virus because they have two receptors, namely NeuAc 2,3Gal and NeuAc 2,6Gal which make the pigs are sensitive to infection of influenza virus from birds and humans and genetic reassortment can be occurred. Classical swine influenza H1N1 viruses had been circulated in pigs in North America and other countries for 80 years. In 1998, triple reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses that contains genes of human influenza A virus (H3N2), swine influenza virus (H1N1) and avian influenza are reported as cause an outbreaks in pigs in North America. Furthermore, the circulation of triple reassortant H3N2 swine influenza virus resulting reassortant H1N1 swine influenza and reassortant H1N2 swine influenza viruses cause infection in humans. Humans who were infected by triple reassortant swine influenza A virus (H1N1) usually made direct contact with pigs. Although without any clinical symptoms, pigs that are infected by triple reassortant swine influenza A (H1N1) can transmit infection to the humans around them. In June 2009, WHO declared that pandemic influenza of reassortant H1N1 influenza A virus (novel H1N1) has reached phase 6. In Indonesia until 2009, there were 1005 people were infected by H1N1 influenza A and 5 of them died. Novel H1N1 and H5N1 viruses have been circulated in humans and pigs in Indonesia. H5N1 reassortant and H1N1 viruses or the seasonal flu may could arise because of genetic reassortment between avian influenza and humans influenza viruses that infect pigs together.Key words: influenza viruses, swine, genetic reassortmen