WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Utilization of Local Feedstuffs for Native Chickens
Get PDFLocal feed-stuffs can be used to formulate diet for native chickens. The utilization of a feed ingredient should consider some factors such as the quantity available, nutrient compositions, price and limiting factors such as anti-nutrient or toxins that exist in the feed ingredient. Some potential local feed ingredients that can be used for native chickens are rice bran, cassava and its by-product, coconut meal, soybean curd waste, palm oil by-products, shrimp head and snail. Research results on the utilization of these ingredients in poultry feed are discussed in this paper. The application of the research results to make feed for native chickens required knowledge on diet formulation that includes the nutrient requirement for the chickens, calculation methods and techniques for mixing feed. Key words: Native chickens, local feedstuffs, nutrient composition, nutrient requiremen
Molecular Biology Review: Tumor Suppressor Gene (P53) as Target for Cancer Gene Therapy
Get PDFCancer cells are accumulation of numerous genetic alteration that contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Most of these alteration affect the regulation of the cell cycle. In normal cells, a balance is achieved between proliferation and cell death by tightly regulating the progression through the cell cycle with cell cycle with cellular checkpoints. The accumulation of genetic alterations also contributes to enhanced chemoresistance, resulting from the loss of the ability to respond to DNA damage. The detection of DNA damage is governed by tumor suppressor p53. Following DNA damage, p53 arrest the cell to allow time for repair, or if the damage is extensive enough, p53 initiates programmed cell death or apoptosis. Loss of these various molecular checkpoint has been found to underlie the development of many tumors because cell cycle progression becomes dysregulated. Therefore a major strategy in gene therapy for cancer has focused on replacing the tumor suppressors in cancer cells. p53-gene therapy remains the most important tumor suppressor strategy being developed and its combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy may prove to be even more beneficial. However, p53 may not represent the ideal choice for gene therapy in all cancers. In tumor that overexpress MDM2 or have HPV16 E6, other tumor suppressors such as p21 may be more desirable targets of gene therapy because they can bypass the inactivation of p53. Several problem still need to be resolved. First, an efficient vector needs to be designed that cause prolonged high expression of the transduced gene while only targeting cancer cells. Second, further criteria need to be established in scheduling the decision about which tumor suppressor to employ for gene therapy. Key words: Tumor suppressor gene (p53), gene therapy, cance
Cotton and its Relation With Gossypol
Get PDFSuitable weather is a major problem for cotton field plantation in Indonesia. In one side it needs water for growing up, on the contrary, absolute dry situation for flowering and harvesting is necessary. Therefore, cotton contribution is remarkably small (1 percent from local product) but it can be expected to increase with a new location area in the future. Although cotton ball is the main product, cotton seed becomes the by-product, which can be processed to cotton oil and its left over called cotton seed meal. The seeds contain gossypol, a toxic pigment, which found in its oil and the meal. Gossypol becomes an important factor to be noticed since the meal contains high protein, which can be used as a foodstuff. In a certain concentration, poultry and pigs can not tolerate the compound. In advance countries, oil extraction is the best way to remove gossypol, but the process is considered expensive. There is a need for alternative ways to remove it. Key words : Cotton, gossypol, detoxificatio
The Influence of Using Probiotic in Rations for Chicken Productivity
Get PDFThe knowledge of probiotic spread widely, mainly after having been found some probiotics that can be used by animal. The result of research on the usage of some types of probiotics in rations of chicken give different influence on chicken productivity. Using probiotic starbio 0.25% in ration could increase the body weight of broiler up to 6 weeks of age and could increase the consumption of crude fibre up to 6% in the ration. Using probiotic starbio 0.25% in ration of layer could increase 19-26% eggs products and reduce feed conversion and water content in faeces and give additional income for the farmers as 44 up to 48%. Culture yeast as much as 0.2−0.3% is effective to add in rations of broiler 0−4 weeks of age. Lactobacillus acidophilus 2% and 4% in rations of layer may increase 5−11% of egg products and reduce feed conversion. It can be concluded that using probiotic in rations may increase the productivity of broiler, layer and native chickens. Key words: Probiotic, chicken diets, productivity of chicke
Possibility of Usingdata Satellite Forestimate of Forage Production
Get PDFOne of factors to analyse carrying capacity for ruminant of one area is to calculate the forage potency which includes grasses, leave and agricultural by-product. Estimation of forage potency is affected by agroclimate variation, type and land topography and traditional agricultural system . The data availability on forage potency of one area usually is very limited so that the accuracy on area potency will also be low. Remote sensing technique using LANDSAT satellite managed by LAPAN could provide satellite image data on a specific area . 1lvough interpretation of satellite image data by hard and softwares, supported by topography map, thematic map, and agricultural statistic data, forage potency on one area could be analysed quicker and more accurate. Based on forage potency, carrying capacity ofone area can be determined . Key words : Satellite data, production of forag
A Review About Toxoplasmosis on Animals and Humans
Get PDFToxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is reported to be endemic throughout most of the Indonesian archipelago . The prevalence rates of 24-61% in goats, 10-40% in cats, 28% in pigs, 43% in sheep, 36% in cattle, 27% in buffalo, 20% in chickens, 6% in ducks, 10% in dogs and 14-82% in human were reported in Indonesia. The disease causes abortion in pregnant women. The importance of toxoplasmosis in Indonesia; the aspects of etiology, clinical signs, pathology, transmission and control measures are discussed in this paper. Key words: Toxoplasmosis, animals, human
Problems of Health of Buffaloes Reared in Swampy Area in South Kalimantan
Get PDFThe population of buffaloes reared in swampy area in the province of South Kalimantan is high, and show a very good condition. These animals, however, are fulnerable to several diseases. From the analysis of available data and of a field monitoring, some diseases are potential to occur at certain time of the year, such as clostridium, surra, and fasciolosis. The emergence of the diseases in this area associates with some factors, such as availability of water, weed (enceng gondok or Eichornia crassipes), vector/intermediate host (flies and snails), and reservoir host (deer and wild pig). The tide water in this swampy area influences the population of vectors/intermediate hosts, also provide a condition for a contact between buffaloes and the reservoir hosts when seeking for drinking water. Deterioration of the weed and grasses facilitate an ideal media for propagation of anaerobic bacteria (e.g: clostridium). Based on these characteristics of those factors it is highly suspected that during the dry season, before the lowest water tide, the transmission of parasitic diseases in buffaloes (Fasciolosis and Trypanosomiasis) is occuring, while for clostridial disease is transmitted during the high water tide. Key word: Buffalo, fasciolosis, trypanosomiasis, clostridium, swampy habita
Improvement of National Beef Cattle Breeding System
Get PDFFulfillment of animal protein in Indonesia, come from animal products including fish i.e. meat, milk and egg. In the early of 1900 period beef cattle was a major product contributing to animal protein consumption but in the current decade poultry products come to replace it. Reformation in breeding strategy and its combination with feed conversion can enhance production efficiency and product number, maintain the continuity and the quality of products. These factors have not been included in a breeding plan for beef cattle, yet. The only appropriate breeding program is in Bali cattle that have not introduced feed intake and conversion into the planning. The ideal breeding program is to produce elite breeding stock and high quality of final stock from crossbreds that is labeled as a quality standard of the animal including recognized feed conversion and daily gain weight. Key words: Improvement, breeding, beef cattle, nationa
Prospect of Sugar Cane by Products as a Feedstuffs for Beef Cattle Fattening in Dry Regions
Get PDFSeveral by product of sugar cane can be utilized as roughage. So that cooperation between sugar processing industries and beefcattle industries is enable to enhance. In Indonesia, about 4.62 million ton sugar cane tops, 1 .98 million ton klentekan and 1.32 million ton sugar sogolan can be obtained each year. By product of sugar processing can yield bagasse, blotong and molasses . All of these by products are potential as substitute for common forage in ruminants particularly during a relatively long dry season as long as protein sources are provided. Key words : Feedstuths, by produc
Manipulating Protein Degradability in the Rumen to Support Higher Ruminant Production
Get PDFDietary protein is digested to a certain extent in the rumen causing decreases its potency as source of amino acids for the animal. Dietary protein should mostly reach the intestines where the protein digestion takes place and absorption occurs in the form of intact amino acids and subsequently becomes nutrient deposition in muscles or milk. The higher muscle or milk protein synthesis, the higher the protein in the products of animal, as long as energy for the metabolism is available. Strategies of feeding rumen degradable versus undegradable protein in ruminant have become a research interest for decades. Technologies of dietary protein protection to reduce its degradability in the rumen by heating, chelating or coating have been developed. Key words: Protein, degradability, protection, rume