Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences
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AFLP and AMP Fingerprints as Markers to Evaluate Genetic Differences between Medicago truncatula Line Jemalong and 2HA, a New Line Produced by in vitro Culture Selection
Get PDFA new line, Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong 2HA (herein known as 2HA) has been developed via repetitive regeneration and selection of M. truncatula cv. Jemalong. During somatic embryogenesis, 2HA produces 500 times more embryos than its progenitor, Jemalong. It is interesting to study if those two lines are isogenic or has genetic differences. The main objectives of the study was to evaluate the genotypic differences between Jemalong and 2HA also to evaluate the methylation event in 2HA utilized two DNA fingerprinting techniques, i.e AFLP fingerprints (Amplified Length of Polymorphism) and AMP (Amplified Methylation Polymorphism). The results showed that AFLP analysis using eight primers combinations could not detect any differences between Jemalong and 2HA. However, using AMP methylation sensitive primers it could detect 15 polymorphisms out of 840 markers. These results lead to a conclusion that Jemalong and 2HA are isogenic lines. 2HA may have higher regeneration capacities due to methylation process which occurs during the production of 2HA through repetitive regeneration cycles
Optimization of EC Values of Nutrient Solution for Tomato Fruits Quality in Hydroponics System Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithms
Get PDFTotal soluble solids (TSS) and fruit fresh weight are two indicators to show the quality of tomato fruits. To gain high values of TSS and fruit fresh weight, it is important to consider the concentration of nutrient solution, which is commonly represented by Electrical Conductivity (EC) value. Generally, the increasing of EC value not only increases the number of TSS, but also decreases fruit fresh weight. Therefore, it is important to optimize the EC value for both indicators of quality of tomato fruits. The objective of this research is to optimize the EC value of nutrient solution on each generative stage using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithms (GA). ANN was used to identify the relationship between different EC value treatments with TSS value and fruit fresh weight. GA was applied to determine the optimal EC value in generative growth, which is divided into three stages. Results showed that the optimal EC values in the flowering stage, the fruiting stage and the harvesting stage were 1.4 mS/cm, 10.2 mS/cm and 9.7 mS/cm, respectively
Analysis of the String Structure Near Break-up of A Slender Jet of An Upper Convected Maxwell Liquid
Get PDFIn this paper, we analytically study the string structure near the break-up of a slender jet of a viscoelastic liquid surrounded by air. The governing equations are derived from the conservation laws of mass and momentum, and the rheological equation of the jet. The rheological equation of the jet is assumed to satisfy an Upper Convected Maxwell (UCM) model. Introducing a stretch variable and then applying a transformation, we obtain a coupled system of nonlinear differential equations. Via these equations, we then show that the UCM jet does not break up in finite time, which physically means that it has sufficient time to exhibit the string structure before it breaks up due to the dominant surface force
On Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of Perturbed Pairwise Comparison Matrices
Get PDFThis work studied eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a class of perturbed pairwise comparison matrices (PCMs). This type of matrices arises from Analytical Hierarchical Process with inconsistency comparison. By employing some nice structures of the PCMs, we show that the object dimension of size n ≥ 3 can be reduced into a case of size 3, hence simplify the studies
Analyzing the Interaction of Andrographolide and Neoandrographolide, Diterpenoid Compounds From Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.F) Nees, to Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzyme by Docking Simulation
Get PDFCyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, exists in two isoforms, which are COX-1 and COX-2. Despite the similarities of COX-1 and COX-2, the two isoforms show subtle differences in amino acid composition at the active sites. Since COX-1 has isoleucine, a bulkier amino acid at position 523 than COX-2's valine, it allows COX-2 to have a larger space in its active site. Andrographolide reduces COX-2 expression induced by PAF and fMLP in HL60/neutrophils. Neoandrographolide inhibits COX-2 expression at the translational level. The purpose of this study is to examine the binding modes of andrographolide and neoandrographolide against COX-1 and COX-2 in terms of hydrogen bonds and docking energy, to understand their antiinflammatory property. The docking simulation indicates that both andrographolide and neoandrographolide are able to be located in the COX-2's binding pocket but not in the COX-1's. It confirms that COX-1's binding pocket is smaller than COX-2's. Based on this study, both andrographolide and neoandrographolide show selective inhibitory property to COX-2. Their selectivity are due to their specific interaction with Arg 513 in the binding pocket of COX-2, which is also shown by SC-558, a COX-2 selective inhibitor
Artificial Life of Soybean Plant Growth Modeling Using Intelligence Approaches
Get PDFThe natural process on plant growth system has a complex system and it has could be developed on characteristic studied using intelligent approaches conducting with artificial life system. The approaches on examining the natural process on soybean (Glycine Max L.Merr) plant growth have been analyzed and synthesized in these research through modeling using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Lindenmayer System (L-System) methods. Research aimed to design and to visualize plant growth modeling on the soybean varieties which these could help for studying botany of plant based on fertilizer compositions on plant growth with Nitrogen (N), Phosphor (P) and Potassium (K). The soybean plant growth has been analyzed based on the treatments of plant fertilizer compositions in the experimental research to develop plant growth modeling. By using N, P, K fertilizer compositions, its capable result on the highest production 2.074 tons/hectares. Using these models, the simulation on artificial life for describing identification and visualization on the characteristic of soybean plant growth could be demonstrated and applied
Will 3552 Don Quixote Escape from the Solar System?
Get PDFAsteroid 1983 SA, well known as 3552 Don Quixote, is one of Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) which is the most probable candidate for the cometary origin, or otherwise as Jupiter-Family-Comets (JFCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of 3552 Don Quixote to be ejected from the Solar System. This paper presents an orbital evolution of 100 hypothetical asteroids generated by cloning 3552 Don Quixote. Investigation of its orbital evolution is conducted by using the SWIFT subroutine package, where the gravitational perturbations of eight major planets in the Solar System are considered. Over very short time scales (ï¾220 kyr) relative to the Solar System life time (ï¾10 Gyr), the asteroid 3552 Don Quixote gave an example of chaotic motion that can cause asteroid to move outward and may be followed by escaping from the Solar System. Probability of ejection within the 220 kyr time scale is 50%
Satellite Monitoring of Small-scale Farming Systems in Subang, Indonesia
Get PDFRice fields in Java, Indonesia have been in tremendous threat due to land policy weaknesses. In order to ensure food supply, satellite-based monitoring scheme has been chosen to accommodate quick data acquisition for agriculture planning. Nonetheless, detailed rice field map is lacking and it should be taken in consideration. WorldView-2 has the highest ground resolution to date, which is suitable to construct new rice distribution map in Indonesia. This paper shows that panchromatic data of the sensor have capability in identification of fragmented rice fields and clearly showed galengans. Red edge and Coastal bands introduced by WorldView-2 were found substantial to rice growth discrimination. In addition, various rice growth periods were detectable which helped to create of rice status map at appropriate accuracy
The Role of Equatorial Oceanic Waves in the Activation of the 2006 Indian Ocean Dipole
Get PDFObservations and a linear wave model were used to evaluate the role of equatorial oceanic wave processes in affecting the evolution of the 2006 positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), focusing on the activation phase of the event. The observations indicate the presence of upwelling equatorial waves and westward near-surface zonal currents along the equator during the activation phase of the event in August 2006. These upwelling equatorial waves (negative sea surface height anomalies) and westward zonal current anomalies contributed to significant sea surface cooling in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. The model results reveal that the upwelling equatorial waves and westward nearsurface zonal currents were mainly generated by wind-forced Kelvin waves associated with the easterly wind anomalies. On the other hand, anomalous easterly winds along the equator during June caused downwelling waves (positive sea surface height anomalies) in the off-equatorial region which propagated westward and elevated sea levels in the western region. The model further shows that a complex interplay of wind-forced and boundary-generated Rossby waves elevated sea levels in the western equatorial Indian Ocean during the activations phase of the 2006 IOD event
A New Procedure for Generalized STAR Modeling using IAcM Approach
Get PDFA new procedure of space-time modeling through the Invers of Autocovariance Matrix (IAcM) is proposed. By evaluating the IAcM behaviors on behalf of the Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) process stationarity, we may find an appropriate model to space-time data series. This method can complete the Space-Time ACF and PACF methods for identifying space-time models. For study case, we apply the GSTAR models to the monthly tea production of some plantations in West Java, Indonesia