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Association between health locus of control and perceived stress in college student during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic as a global mental health crisis has affected everyone, including students. The present study aimed to determine and investigate the relationship between health locus of control and perceived stress in students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences (southern Iran) during the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods: The present cross-sectional study examined 250 students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. We performed simple random sampling and utilized the demographic information form, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale (MHLCS) by Wallston, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by Cohen to collect data. We analyzed data using the SPSS, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the hierarchical regression model with an error level of 5%. Results: The mean perceived stress was 30.74 ± 8.09, and 92.4% of the students had moderate and high stress levels. Among the components of the health locus of control, the internal health locus of control (IHLC) had the highest mean in students (27.55 ± 3.81). Furthermore, the internal health locus of control (R = − 0.30, P < 0.001) had a significant inverse relationship, with perceived stress and the chance health locus of control (CHLC) (R = 0.30, P < 0.001) had a significant direct relationship. In the final regression model, the health locus of control and all the variables predicted 22.7% of the perceived stress variation in students during the COVID-19 period. Conclusion: The results indicated that the internal health locus of control was associated with a reduction of perceived stress, and the powerful others health locus of control (PHLC) was related to its increase in students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the uncertain future, in the present work, universities are suggested to design web-based educational interventions alongside the curriculum to further strengthen the internal health locus of control and thus help reduce their perceived stress
Adsorption mercury, cobalt, and nickel with a reclaimable and magnetic composite of hydroxyapatite/Fe3O4/polydopamine
No full textIn the current investigation, the adsorptive performance of hydroxyapatite (HAp) was improved by using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and polydopamine (PDA) and was applied to eliminate Hg(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). The tests of XPS, XRD, EDX, FTIR, TGA, and VSM were applied to identify the HAp/Fe3O4/PDA structure and adsorption mechanisms. Based on the finding, pH was of the most effective variables in the elimination process and the highest yield was determined at pH 6 for all studied metals. The equilibrium data followed the Langmuir and Freundlich models (R2 > 0.9). According to isotherm modeling, Hg(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) removal using HAp/Fe3O4/PDA has a physical mechanism. The highest elimination capacity (qm) for Hg(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) was set at 51.73 mg/g, 49.32 mg/g, and 48.09 mg/g, respectively. The effect of contact time had a good consistency with the findings of the Weber and Morris kinetic, as the process was done in two steps. The Gibbs free energy parameter revealed that the abatement process is spontaneous and its spontaneity degree decreases with elevating temperature. Various analyzes were used to explore the characteristics of the HAp/Fe3O4/PDA composite. In summary, HAp/Fe3O4/PDA had an effective capability to remove toxic metals from distilled water and landfill leachate
Clinical characteristics of outpatients and inpatients with COVID-19 in Bushehr: A report from the south of Iran
Get PDFAim: To investigate clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19 patients in Bushehr, a southern province of Iran. Materials & methods: A total of 148 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The patients were categorized into four groups including inpatients, outpatients, elderly and nonelderly. Clinical, laboratory and computed tomography characteristics were analyzed and compared. Results: Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferas among inpatients were higher than outpatients. There were significant differences in the levels of creatinine and blood urine nitrogen between elderly and nonelderly patients. The incidence of ground-glass opacities in inpatients was significantly higher than in outpatients. Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with more severe renal failure in elderly patients. Elderly patients with underlying conditions are at increased risk of severe progression of COVID-19
A path to new normal of nuclear medicine facilities: Considerations for reopening
No full textThe stormy clouds of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak caused a rapidly spreading epidemic still hanging over the sphere. Any steps to transition toward a new normal should be guided by health authorities, together with economic and societal considerations. There are various items mainly falling into three classifications, including patient worry, clinical demand, and economic recession. Social distancing, lay-offs, and decreased number of patients with health insurance may lead to a prolonged period to retrieve normalcy. To return to a new normal, an individualized management model should be developed for each laboratory based on staff, instruments, services, crowding, physical space, hospital base unit, or outpatient clinic. Continuous training of different occupational staffs is among the key parameters in maintaining this readiness. The proposed response model should have internal and systemic integrity as well as coherence among the included items in two intra- and inter-unit management categories, namely thinking globally and acting locally
An overview of the comparison of inhalation aromatherapy on emotional distress of female and male patients in preoperative period
No full textMany patients experience anxiety and stress before surgery. Anxiety is also different in men and women so that the prevalence of anxiety disorders in women is higher than men. The present study aimed to compare the effect of inhalation aromatherapy on emotional distress of men and women before surgery. This study conducted as a randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled, prospective and clinical trial. It was performed in hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 90 patients were selected as candidates for surgery and were divided into two intervention groups and one control group. Patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire before the intervention. Patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire (STAI) after 20 min of intervention. Then the data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16. The significance level in all testes was set at <0.05. Relatively severe anxiety was not observed in men after intervention with lavender and spring orange. In women, relatively severe anxiety was not observed after the intervention with lavender, but in the spring orange group, only in 6.7% of people, relatively severe anxiety and traits were observed, which has decreased compared to before the intervention. In addition, the severity of anxiety in women in the control group increased after placebo intervention (p<0.05). The results showed that inhalation of Citrus aurantium and lavender aroma reduces anxiety in male and female patients
Thin-Film Composite Forward-Osmosis Membranes Reinforced on Woven Mesh and Nonwoven Backing Fabric Supports
No full textThin-film composite (TFC) forward-osmosis (FO) membranes were developed on different woven and nonwoven backing fabrics as support. Embedded backing fabrics have a significant effect on the membrane film sublayer by imparting porosity, membrane mechanical strength, and thickness. Woven and nonwoven backing fabric supports have been used for FO membranes cast on the commercial scale. There are also a few studies on the laboratory scale, but repeating them seems to be a challenge. The results herein show that TFC membranes with nonwoven incorporated substrates gain a higher water flux while keeping the specific reverse salt flux low
Autoimmune manifestations among 461 patients with monogenic inborn errors of immunity
No full textBackground: The inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders mainly characterized by severe and recurrent infections besides other complications including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aim to evaluate clinical, immunologic, and molecular data of monogenic IEI patients with and without autoimmune manifestations. Methods: We have retrospectively screened cases of monogenic IEI in the Iranian PID registry for the occurrence of autoimmunity and immune dysregulation. A questionnaire was filled for all qualified patients with monogenic defects to evaluate demographic, laboratory, clinical, and molecular data. Results: A total of 461 monogenic IEI patients (290 male and 171 female) with a median (IQR) age of 11.0 (6.0-20.0) years were enrolled in this study. Overall, 331 patients (72.1%) were born to consanguineous parents. At the time of the study, 330 individuals (75.7%) were alive and 106 (24.3%) were deceased. Autoimmunity was reported in 92 (20.0%) patients with a median (IQR) age at autoimmune diagnosis of 4.0 (2.0-7.0) years. Sixteen patients (3.5%) showed autoimmune complications (mostly autoimmune cytopenia) as the first presentation of the disease. Most of the patients with autoimmunity were diagnosed clinically with common variable immunodeficiency (42.4%). The frequency of sinusitis and splenomegaly was significantly higher in patients with autoimmunity than patients without autoimmunity. In patients with autoimmunity, the most common pathogenic variants were identified in LRBA (in 21 patients, 23.0%), ATM (in 13 patients, 14.0%), and BTK (in 9 patients, 10.0%) genes. In the evaluation of autoimmunity by different genes, 4 of 4 IL10RB (100%), 3 of 3 AIRE (100%), and 21 of 30 LRBA (70.0%) mutated genes had the highest prevalence of autoimmunity. Conclusions: Autoimmune phenomena are common features among patients with monogenic IEI and are associated with a more complicated course of the disease. Therefore, when encountering autoimmune disorders, especially in the setting of dysgammaglobulinemia, it would be appropriate to conduct next-generation sequencing to discover responsible genes for the immune dysregulation at an early stage of the disease
A Case of Autosomal Recessive Interferon Alpha/Beta Receptor Alpha Chain (IFNAR1) Deficiency with Severe COVID-19
No full textBackground: Interferons (IFNs) play a crucial role in antiviral immunity. Genetic defects in interferon receptors, IFNs, and auto-antibodies against IFNs can lead to the development of life-threatening forms of infectious diseases like a severe form of COVID-19. Case Presentation: A 13-year-old boy with a previously reported homozygous loss-of-function mutation in interferon alpha/beta receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) (c.674-2A > G) was diagnosed with severe COVID-19. He had cold symptoms and a high-grade fever at the time of admission. He was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after showing no response to favipiravir and being hypoxemic. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scanning revealed lung involvement of 70% with extensive areas of consolidation in both lungs. Antibiotics, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), remdesivir, methylprednisolone pulse, and other medications were started in the patient. However, remdesivir and methylprednisolone pulse were discontinued because of their adverse side effects in the patient. His general condition improved, and a few days later was discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: We reported a patient with severe COVID-19 who had a mutation in IFNAR1. Our finding suggests that patients with IFNAR1 deficiency are prone to severe forms of COVID-19. Besides, IFN-γ therapy may be a potential drug to treat patients with defects in IFN-α/β signaling pathways which needs further investigations. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Opium use as an independent risk factor for pancreatic cancer: A case-control study
No full textBackground: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is ranked as the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The current study was conducted to explore the correlation between the use of opium and its derivatives (opium) and PC in Iran. Methods: In this case-control study which was conducted in Kerman province, south east part of Iran; 176 patients with PC, and 352 healthy individuals as the control group were matched in terms of age, sex, and place of residence. A structured questionnaire including questions of opium usage, alcohol usage, cigarette smoking, and diet was used to collect the data. The relation between the use of opium and PC was adjusted for tobacco smoking, education, daily intake of fruit, vegetables, red meat, and hydrogenated fats and analyzed using the conditional logistic regression. Results: There was a positive relationship between the opium use and the increased risk of PC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.33, 95 % CI: 2.09–8.95), which was even stronger than its association with cigarette smoking (AOR = 1.67, 95 % CI: 0.86–3.24), although their difference was not statistically significant. A significant dose-response relation was detected between the use of opium; as the relation was stronger in heavy users (AOR low users = 4.93, 95 % CI: 1.79–13.54 and AOR heavy users = 5.10, 95 % CI: 2.10−12.35). Moreover, PC was higher among participants starting the use of opium at a younger age than those who started opium at an older age (AOR = 8.03, 95 % CI: 3.19–20.23). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that opium use is associated with a high and strong risk of PC as an independent risk factor. Further studies should be done to reduce the use of opium in Iran and other world countries
Matrigel enhances differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells into dopaminergic neuron
No full textBackground: Therapy based stem cells have offered a novel therapeutic approach for the improvement of neurodegenerative diseases, specially Parkinson. Hence, developing a well-established culture model with appropriate stem cells is extremely crucial in regenerative engineering to provide efficient targeted cells. Human adult mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (hADSCs) have emerged as a promising source of stem cells due to their unique potentials of self-renewal and differentiation into other stem cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differentiation capacity of hADSCs into dopaminergic and neuron-like cells in the 3D culture plate (Matrigel). Methods and materials: hADSCs were obtained from adipose tissues of patients and then characterized morphologically with flowcytometry. Isolated cells were harvested to perform differentiation on Matrigel and tissue culture plate (TCP) supplemented with induction factors. The survival rate of cells during neural induction was monitored by MTT. The expression of specific cell markers was analyzed by QRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry on days 2, 8 and 14. The level of released dopamine was measured using HPLC technique. Results: Matrigel had a positive effect on maintaining cell growth compared to those on TCP. Moreover, the number of TH and MAPII positive cells is substantially higher in Matrigel than in TCP. Sox2 and Nestin had a prominent expression in hADSCs within the first days of differentiation. The gene expression of neural markers such as TH, Nurr1, LMX1A and DAT was detected and increased after day 8. Moreover, the dopamine released in the cell harvested on Matrigel was greater than those seeded on TCP. Conclusions: Overall, hADSCs could generate dopaminergic cells, which suggest its strong capability to serve as a tool for Parkinson disease model in the regenerative medicine