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Evaluation of two cationic dyes removal from aqueous environments using CNT/MgO/CuFe2O4magnetic composite powder: A comparative study
No full textIn the present study, the elimination of methyl violet dye (MVD) and Nile blue dye (NBD) from water solution using a CNT/MgO/CuFe2O4 magnetic composite powder produced by co-precipitation was investigated. The BET analysis showed that the generated magnetic composite is a mesoporous material (based on IUPAC classification) and its specific surface area value is 127.58 m2/g. Also, the magnetic composite powder had a crystalline structure and a magnetic saturation of 12.137 emu/g. In the adsorption process, the effect of various effective parameters such as working pH, temperature, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of dye solutions, and time was investigated. The maximum capacity of monolayer adsorption for MVD and NBD was determined to be 36.46 mg/g and 35.60 mg/g, respectively. The results showed that the experimental data follow the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. Based on the intra-particle diffusion (IPD) model, more than one mechanism is involved in the adsorption process. The values of Gibbs free energy parameter were determined negatively for both types of dyes, indicates the adsorption of the desired dyes is spontaneous. The enthalpy values (ΔH°) indicated that the removal of the cationic dye is exothermic and the magnetic composite powder has a good ability to adsorb MVD and NBD from aqueous solution at low temperatures. The magnetic composite powder could be used several times in the adsorption process of MVD and NBD without a significant reduction in the removal efficiency. The results showed that the CNT/MgO/CuFe2O4 magnetic composite powder can be successfully used in textile wastewater treatment
E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B lineage lymphoma-b and its potential therapeutic implications for immunotherapy
No full textThe distinction of self from non-self is crucial to prevent autoreactivity and ensure protection from infectious agents and tumors. Maintaining the balance between immunity and tolerance of immune cells is strongly controlled by several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms of the immune system. Among these, the E3 ligase ubiquitin Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) is a newly identified component in the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation system, which is thought to be an important negative regulator of immune cells. An update on the current knowledge and new concepts of the relevant immune homeostasis program co-ordinated by Cbl-b in different cell populations could pave the way for future immunomodulatory therapies of various diseases, such as autoimmune and allergic diseases, infections, cancers and other immunopathological conditions. In the present review, the latest findings are comprehensively summarized on the molecular structural basis of Cbl-b and the suppressive signaling mechanisms of Cbl-b in physiological and pathological immune responses, as well as its emerging potential therapeutic implications for immunotherapy in animal models and human diseases. © 2020 British Society for Immunolog
Association of C677T (rs1081133) and A1298C (rs1801131) Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Variants with Breast Cancer Susceptibility Among Asians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFThis systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with breast cancer (BC) in Asians. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus by May 2020. Inter-study heterogeneity was also assessed with a Q test, along with I2 statistics. Random-effects models were applied to pooled crude ORs with corresponding 95% CIs for the genetic models. A total of 1097 identified results, along with 36 qualified studies were included: for MTHFR C677T polymorphism, a total of 36 studies was comprised of 11,261 cases and 13,318 controls and for MTHFR A1298C polymorphism, a number of 19 studies contained 7424 cases and 8204 controls. Likewise, for C677T polymorphism, an increased risk of BC was seen for the allelic (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09–1.33, P < 0.01, I2 = 78.9%), dominant (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05–1.30, P < 0.01, I2 = 71.8%), recessive (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23–1.67, P < 0.01, I2 = 55.8%), and homozygous models (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.25–1.75, P < 0.01, I2 59.9%) among BC patients compared to controls. Also, in terms of A1298C polymorphism, an association was found between the allelic (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04–1.28, P < 0.01, I2 70.4%) and homozygous models (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15–1.66, P < 0.01, I2 44.2%) with the risk of BC. In conclusion, findings revealed that MTHFR C677T variant might be a factor that predisposes BC in Asians. Furthermore, it was found that A1298C variant acts as a BC risk factor, particularly in a Western Asia population
Diltiazem-loaded electrospun nanofibers as a new wound dressing: fabrication, characterization, and experimental wound healing
No full textCalcium channel blockers such as diltiazem have recently been investigated for their wound-healing potential. The aims of this study were to fabricate diltiazem-loaded nanofibers for a new wound dressing and investigate their beneficial properties for wound healing. Nanofibers were electrospun using polyvinyl alcohol solution containing 0, 2 or 4% diltiazem. Fibers were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, drug release and fibroblast viability, and in animal wound healing assays. Compared to other formulations, nanofibers containing 4% diltiazem showed thin fiber size (152.7 nm), high porosity (88.4%), high swelling (110.4%), low water contact angle (29.1°) and little weight loss (17.3%). Drug release from 4%-diltiazem nanofibers showed good fit to a Korsmeyer–Peppas model, suggesting a non-Fickian release mechanism (R 2 = 96%, n = 0.52). In vitro, 4%-diltiazem mats were not cytotoxic and enhanced fibroblast proliferation by 263% after 5 days of treatment compared to control. In vivo, wounds treated with this mat for 14 days showed the smallest size (14.7%) and better histopathologic characteristics compared to other wounds. The 4%-diltiazem mat also demonstrated significant antioxidant activity by reducing tissue MDA and nitrite levels by 63 and 59% compared to normal saline. The findings support the eligibility of this novel wound dressing for additional clinical research
Improving working conditions in an Iranian hospital: a participatory ergonomics approach
No full textObjectives. The future workshop (FW), as a participatory ergonomics approach, is used to change the actual situation of a system into a preferable one. This study was conducted at a major hospital to identify ergonomic problems and provide appropriate solutions for improving working conditions using the FW technique. Methods. Twenty-five mid-level managers of the hospital participated in a 2-day FW. In the critique phase, the ergonomic problems were thoroughly discussed. After brainstorming followed by structuring and grouping of ideas, 75 ergonomic problems were identified and classified into four groups. Solutions and action plans were proposed to improve working conditions. Results. There were nine problems in the personnel-managerial group. Eighteen action plans were proposed to fix them. Stressful occupational factors were the worst problem in this group. Five problems were characterized in the physical space group and 10 action plans were presented. Seven problems were detected in the equipment group, for which 13 action plans were presented. In the welfare group, six problems and 12 action plans were presented. Conclusion. The results revealed that the FW was an appropriate method to find ergonomic bottlenecks in the hospital and a good basis for devising ergonomic interventions
Suspended fine particulate matter (PM2.5), microplastics (MPs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air: Their possible relationships and health implications
No full textExposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and their associated microcontaminants have been linked to increased harmful effects on the human health. In this study, the possible relationships between PM2.5, microplastics (MPs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in an urban area of Bushehr port, in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. Presence, sources, and health risks of MPs and PAHs in both normal and dusty days were also investigated. The median of PM2.5 and ƩPAHs were 52.8 μg/m3 and 14.1 ng/m3, respectively, indicating high pollution levels especially in dusty days. The mean level of MPs in urban suspended PM2.5 was 5.2 items/m3. Fragments were the most abundant shape of identified MPs and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was the most plastic types in urban dust of Bushehr port. The results revealed that PM2.5 and MPs may possibly act as a carrier for airborne MPs and PAHs, respectively. In addition, the significant positive relationships between MPs, wind speed and wind direction, confirmed that the MPs transportation were highly controlled by atmospheric condition. Moreover, the source identification methods and trajectory analyses indicated that petrogenic sources from both proximal and distal origins play an important role in the level of PAHs. The results of chronic health risk evaluation via inhalation revealed that PM2.5-bound PAHs had high potential cancer risk in winter, while, the estimated risks for non-carcinogenic PAHs were not considerable. In the case of MPs, the assessment of human intake of MPs via inhalation highlighted the possible risks for habitants
Human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium attenuates CCl4 induced chronic liver fibrosis
No full textAlthough the efficacy of MSCs on the liver fibrosis is investigated, it is not exactly clear whether released molecules by MSCs are sufficient to mediate the anti-fibrotic effects or not. In this study, the possible hepatoprotective effects of human umbilical cord MSCs derived conditioned medium (UC-CM) was investigated. 30 male rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10): C: control; F: fibrosis were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (1 ml/kg, i.p); F/UC-CM: fibrosis rats that received UC-CM (100 µg/kg, i.v). At the end of the 12th week, serum and liver samples were collected to analyze biochemical, molecular, and histopathological parameters. In comparison with CCl4 intoxicated animals, the results showed a significant amelioration of weight loss, histological changes as well as attenuation of serum activity of ALT, AST, and ALP in F/UC-CM. The liver hydroxyproline content was significantly reduced by UC-CM treatment. Accordingly, improvement in oxidative parameters such as MDA, TAC, and TOS was also observed in the F/UC-CM group. UC-CM administration down-regulated gene expression of TGF-β1, TNF-α, TβRII, MMP-2, and MMP-9 as well as the protein level in TGF-β1 and TNF-α. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a notable lower hepatic α-SMA expression in the F/UC-CM group. In conclusion, these findings revealed that the remarkable hepatoprotective property of UC-CM could lend support to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative and anti-fibrotic effects
Distribution of dietary risk factors in Iran: National and sub-national burden of disease
Get PDFBackground: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the greatest threats to public health, and have been related to poor quality dietary patterns. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of dietary risk factors in Iran. Methods: Cross-sectional data was gathered between April and November 2016 from 30,541 eligible adults (out of 31 050 individuals who were selected through systematic proportional to size cluster random sampling) living in urban and rural areas, using the WHO-based STEPs risk factor questionnaire. Low intakes of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and fish, and high intakes of salty processed food (SPF), as well as daily intake of hydrogenated fat (HF) were considered as nutritional risk factors. Results: At the national level, 82.8% (95% CI: 82.4-83.2), 57.8% (95% CI: 57.2-58.4), 80.6% (95% CI: 80.1-81) and 90.3% (95% CI: 90-90.6) of participants of all age groups had sub-optimal intakes of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and fish, respectively. Furthermore, 12.8% (95% CI: 12.4-13.1), and 29.4% (95% CI: 28.9-29.9) of respondents had high SPF intakes and HF use, respectively. At the sub-national level, the highest distribution of suboptimal intake of fruits (97.2%; 95% CI:96-98.3), vegetables (79.2%; 95% CI: 76.3-82.1) and dairy products (92.9%; 95% CI: 91-94.7) was observed in Sistan and Baluchistan. Except for Boushehr and Hormozgan, the majority of the population of other provinces consumed fish less than twice a week. Similarly, the high intake of SPF was found mostly in the population of Yazd (23.7; 95% CI: 20.2-27.2). HF consumption was the highest in North Khorasan (64.2%; 95% CI: 60.3-68.1). Conclusion: These findings highlight the widespread distribution of dietary risk factors in Iran, which should be a priority for the people and the politicians in order to prevent NCDs
Oncogenic osteomalacia secondary to glomus tumor
No full textOncogenic osteomalacia secondary to glomus tumor is extremely rare. Localization of causative tumors is critical as surgical resection can lead to a complete biochemical and clinical cure. We present a case of oncogenic osteomalacia treated with resection of glomus tumor. A 39-year-old woman with a history of chronic sinusitis presented with chronic body ache and muscle weakness. Biochemical evaluation revealed elevated alkaline phosphatase hypophosphatemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion, low calcitriol, and FGF23 was unsuppressed suggestive of oncogenic osteomalacia. Diagnostic studies showed increase uptake in multiple bones. Localization with MRI of paranasal sinuses revealed a sinonasal mass with concurrent uptake in the same area on the octreotide scan. Surgical resection of the sinonasal mass was consistent with the glomus tumor. The patient improved both clinically and biochemically postoperatively. Along with the case of oncogenic osteomalacia secondary to a glomus tumor, we have also discussed in detail the recent development in the diagnosis and management of oncogenic osteomalacia. Learning points: •• Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare cause of osteomalacia caused by the secretion of FGF23 from mesenchymal tumors. •• Mesenchymal tumors causing TIO are often difficult to localize and treat. •• Resection of the tumor can result in complete resolution of biochemical and clinical manifestations in a very short span of time. •• Glomus tumor can lead to tumor induced osteomalacia and should be surgically treated
Investigating the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Immunocompromised Patients in Bushehr Province, Southwest Iran: A Conventional and Molecular Study [İran’ın Güneybatısındaki Bushehr Eyaletindeki İmmün Yetmezliği Olan Hastalarda Bağırsak Parazitlerinin Prevalansının Araştırılması: Konvansiyonel ve Moleküler Bir Çalışma]
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the status of intestinal parasitic infections in immunocompromised patients in Bushehr province, southwest Iran by conventional and molecular methods. Methods: A total of 201 stool samples were collected from kidney transplant recipients, AIDS patients and patients under chemotherapy. Samples were collected from healthy people as the control group. The specimens were tested using various conventional methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed on samples identified as positive for Coccidia by direct microscopic examination. Results: Approximately 32.45% were infected with at least one type of intestinal parasite. The highest (46.8%) and lowest rates of infection (24%) were observed in AIDS and chemotherapy patients, respectively, while the infection rate of the control group was 16%. Isospora spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were observed in all patient groups, and Sarcocystis spp. sporocysts were detected in one of the transplant recipients. All identified coccidia were confirmed by PCR. There was a significant relationship between the rate of intestinal parasite infection and certain variables. Conclusion: Given the potential risk of certain intestinal parasites in people with immune deficiency, it is recommended that diagnosis of parasitic infections in such patients be based on specific parasitological methods. Thus, it is advisable that physicians refer them to a parasitology laboratory prior to drug administration.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, İran’ın güneybatısındaki Bushehr eyaletindeki immün yetmezlikli hastalarda bağırsak paraziter enfeksiyonlarının durumunu konvansiyonel ve moleküler yöntemlerle belirlemektir. Yöntemler: Böbrek nakli alıcılarından, AIDS hastalarından ve kemoterapi alan hastalardan olmak üzere toplam 201 dışkı örneği toplandı. Kontrol grubu numuneleri sağlıklı insanlardan toplandı. Numuneler çeşitli konvansiyonel yöntemler kullanılarak test edildi. Polimeraz zincir reaksiyon (PZR) testi, doğrudan mikroskobik incelemelerde tespit edilen pozitif Coccidia örnekleri üzerinde yapıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların yaklaşık %32,45’i en az bir tür bağırsak paraziti ile enfekte olmuştu. En yüksek (%46,8) ve en düşük enfeksiyon oranı (%24) sırasıyla AIDS ve kemoterapi hastalarında görülürken, kontrol grubunun enfeksiyon oranı %16 idi. Isospora spp. ve Cryptosporidium spp. tüm hasta gruplarında ve Sarcocystis spp. sporokistleri ise transplant alıcılarından birinde tespit edildi. Tanımlanan tüm Coccidialar, PZR ile doğrulandı. Bağırsak parazitlerinin oranı ile bazı değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki mevcuttu. Sonuç: İmmün yetmezliği olan kişilerde bazı bağırsak parazitlerinin potansiyel riski göz önüne alındığında, paraziter enfeksiyonların spesifik parazitolojik yöntemlere dayanarak teşhis edilmesi önerilir. Bu nedenle, doktorların ilaç vermeden önce bu hastaları parazitoloji laboratuvarına yönlendirmeleri tavsiye edilir