UMA - Open Access Journals (Universitas Medan Area)
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South Korea’s Response to Japan’s Export Restrictions on Semiconductor Materials
Get PDFThis study analyzes South Korea's strategic responses to Japan's 2019 export restrictions on three key chemicals vital to its semiconductor industry: fluorinated polyimide, photoresist, and hydrogen fluoride. Beyond filing a WTO complaint, South Korea pursued retaliatory actions—tightening trade regulations and initiating boycott movements—while strengthening its semiconductor sector through funding, tax incentives, and cross-sector collaboration. Employing a neo-Mercantilist framework and qualitative method, this research highlights how state-led industrial strategies serve as a tool of economic resilience and foreign policy, contributing to broader discussions in International Political Economy on government agencies in navigating trade disputes and securing technological sovereignty
Cyberbullying Behavior on Perpetrators - Descriptive Study
Get PDFSocial media has become a common thing used by every individual, including the perpetrators of cyberbullying, often the perpetrators use fake accounts or not their real names or what is known as anonymity. The purpose of this study is to clearly see the various aspects that can influence cyberbullying behaviour. The measuring instrument used in this study is to use aspects of cyberbullying. The method used is a descriptive study that explains the empirical mean value of each aspect. Based on the results of this study, it is found that there are high values in the aspects of flaming, denigration, impersonation and exclusion
Analysis of Moodle E-Learning Server Optimization with Load Balancing Technology using Round Robin and Leastconn Algorithms
Get PDFAs web services and applications become increasingly complex and user demand grows—especially with the rising number of students—the need for a reliable E-Learning system becomes critical. At Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan, the current E-Learning platform operates on a single server, leading to slow response times and potential server downtime under high traffic conditions. This study addresses the issue by implementing load balancing using two algorithms: Round Robin and Least Connection, across three web servers and one separate database server. Testing was conducted using Apache JMeter with 1000 requests per 10 seconds. Results show that the Least Connection algorithm outperformed Round Robin, achieving an average response time of 155.8ms, compared to 184.2ms. Compared to the single-server setup, the load-balanced system showed significant improvements in response time, error rate, concurrency, availability, upstream, and downstream metrics. CPU load was also reduced due to traffic distribution across multiple servers. This demonstrates that server resource optimization via load balancing can significantly enhance the overall performance of E-Learning services. These findings provide a strong foundation for more efficient and scalable IT infrastructure development and support better decision-making in managing high-demand educational platforms in the futur
IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING PROPERTIES OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM WATER HYACINTH (Eichhornia Crassipes) ROOTS
Get PDFPlant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) play an important role in enhancing plant growth and productivity through various biological mechanisms, such as phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation. This study aims to isolate and identify PGPB from the roots of water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) growing in Lake Toba, and to evaluate its potential in supporting the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Three rhizosphere bacteria were obtained and identified morphologically and biochemically as Bacillus thuringiensis (EGR1), Bacillus megaterium (EGR2), and Azotobacter vinelandii (EGR3). All three isolates showed the ability to solubilize phosphate, while only EGR3 was able to fix nitrogen. Bioassay tests using lettuce showed that EGR2 increased plant height, while EGR3 significantly increased fresh weight, number of leaves, and length of roots. These findings indicate the potential of EGR3 as a promising natural biofertilizer candidate to support sustainable agriculture
AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION IN INDUSTRIAL WORKPLACES: RISK ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTANT EXPOSURE AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH OUTCOMES
Get PDFWorkers represent a population at risk of exposure to air pollutants in the workplace, rendering them vulnerable to various health impacts, particularly respiratory disorders. This condition is attributed to prolonged inhalation exposure over time. This study aims to assess the magnitude of health risks associated with occupational exposure to air pollutants and to identify respiratory complaints among workers. This study employed a descriptive quantitative design, utilizing risk assessment methods to estimate the exposure risk levels of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), and total suspended particulate (TSP) in the workplace. The study population comprised production workers, selected via simple random sampling. The risk estimation indicated that the concentrations of CO, O₃, and TSP, were within acceptable safety limits. However, exposure to NO₂ exceeded safe thresholds, presenting non carcinogenic risks to workers with an average body weight of 66,48 kg, a daily exposure duration of 7,583 hours, and an annual exposure frequency of 236,99 days over a 12,85-year period. A significant proportion of workers reported respiratory symptoms and had previously been diagnosed with acute respiratory infections (ARI). Consequently, consistent use of personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly masks, is highly recommended to mitigate exposure to airborne pollutants
Urgency Analysis of Pet Regulation as Subject of Legal Protection
Get PDFThis study analyzes the urgency of regulating pets as a subject of legal protection in Indonesia. Although pets have the right to be treated humanely, regulations in Indonesia do not specifically recognize pets as legal subjects entitled to legal protection. This study uses a normative juridical approach with an analytical descriptive method to examine regulatory gaps related to pet protection. Data was obtained through literature studies on laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and cases of violence against pets. The results of the study show that existing regulations, such as Criminal Code Article 302 and Law No. 18 of 2009, still focus on the health aspect of livestock and have not accommodated the basic rights of pets. In addition, criminal sanctions for perpetrators of violence against pets are considered ineffective in providing a deterrent effect. This study recommends the establishment of a special law on the protection of pets, a revision of the Criminal Code Article 302, and public education programs to increase awareness about pet rights. The implementation of these regulations is expected to strengthen legal protection for pets and encourage a paradigm shift in society in treating pets as legal subjects who are entitled to protection
Women's Reproductive Rights (Comparative Family Planning in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkiye) in Islamic Perspective
Get PDFThis article aims to determine women's reproductive rights (comparative family planning in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkey) in an Islamic perspective. The problem is focused on women's reproductive rights using family planning. Data were collected by reviewing related research, as well as the Qur'an and laws and regulations using a literature approach method analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that women's reproductive rights in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkey in the Family Planning (KB) program are equally important, although women are still the main users of family planning, their reproductive rights are still burdened. Women must be good mentally, physically, and socially, especially in reproductive rights with the importance of male participation, and freedom to determine their physical and mental choices, and the need to overcome factors that violate women's reproductive rights. The use of family planning in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkey differs from the focus of the objectives, the main methods used, and the meaning of the function of family planning from each country. The form of comparison of women's reproductive rights in the Family Planning (KB) program in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkey still prioritizes Islamic teachings in KB, which is permitted as long as it is in accordance with Islamic teachings with the aim of regulating spacing and not limiting children except for certain reasons such as threatening the reproductive health of women or men for the common welfare and the impact on state goals
Psychological Inflexibility and Anxiety: The Role of Self-Compassion as a Mediator
Get PDFAnxiety is one of the most common mental health issues experienced by individuals in early adulthood. One contributing factor to anxiety is psychological inflexibility, characterized by rigid and maladaptive responses to internal experiences. Conversely, self-compassion is known to serve a protective role by promoting emotional resilience and reducing anxiety. This study aimed to examine the effect of psychological inflexibility on anxiety with self-compassion as a mediating variable. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, and data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 183 early adults. The instruments used were the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) to measure psychological inflexibility, the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) to assess self-compassion, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to measure anxiety levels. The results revealed that self-compassion significantly mediated the relationship between psychological inflexibility and anxiety. These findings highlight the crucial role of enhancing self-compassion in mitigating the negative impact of psychological inflexibility on anxiety among early adults
Pengaruh Self-Control terhadap Perilaku Phubbing: Peran Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) sebagai Variabel Mediator – A Systematic Literature Review: The Influence of Self-Control on Phubbing Behavior: The Role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) as a Mediating Variable – A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFPenelitian ini membahas pengaruh pengendalian diri terhadap perilaku phubbing dengan Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) sebagai variabel mediasi. Melalui pengamatan literatur sistematis ( Systematic Literature Review , SLR) terhadap 14 artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2024, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perilaku phubbing di mana individu mengabaikan orang lain demi fokus pada smartphone dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikologis seperti rendahnya pengendalian diri dan tingginya FoMO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara self-control dan phubbing , di mana individu dengan self-control tinggi cenderung jarang melakukan phubbing . Sebaliknya, FoMO berperan sebagai mediator utama yang melemahkan perilaku phubbing dengan meningkatkan ketergantungan pada smartphone , terutama pada individu dengan kontrol diri yang rendah. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi faktor tambahan seperti norma sosial dan Kecanduan smartphone yang turut mempengaruhi perilaku phubbing . Generasi Z lebih rentan terhadap phubbing karena tingginya penggunaan smartphone dan tekanan sosial untuk selalu terhubung. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan strategi untuk meningkatkan pengendalian diri , mengurangi FoMO, dan menerapkan mindfulness untuk mendorong interaksi sosial yang lebih sehat serta meminimalkan dampak negatif phubbing di era digital
Peran Iklim Sekolah Dan Parental Monitoring Terhadap Kecerdasan Moral Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Boarding School Dan Non-Boarding School
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran iklim sekolah dan parental monitoring terhadap kecerdasan moral siswa SMA pada dua sistem pendidikan: boarding school dan non-boarding school. Fenomena degradasi moral remaja menjadi latar belakang penelitian ini, dengan fokus pada bagaimana lingkungan sekolah dan pengawasan orang tua berkontribusi dalam pembentukan nilai moral. Menggunakan metode kuantitatif korelasional dengan pendekatan total sampling dan convenience sampling, sebanyak 357 siswa SMA Al-Azhar Medan menjadi subjek penelitian. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi skala kecerdasan moral, skala iklim sekolah, dan skala parental monitoring, yang divalidasi melalui CFA. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa iklim sekolah dan parental monitoring berperan signifikan terhadap kecerdasan moral siswa (p < 0,001). Namun, tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara siswa boarding dan non-boarding school terkait kecerdasan moral (p > 0,05). Mayoritas siswa menunjukkan tingkat kecerdasan moral, iklim sekolah, dan parental monitoring dalam kategori sedang. Hasil ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya kolaborasi antara sekolah dan keluarga dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan moral remaja, terlepas dari sistem pendidikan yang diterapkan