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Comparative study on the uniform energy deposition achievable via optimized plasmonic nanoresonator distributions
No full textPlasmonic nanoresonators of core–shell composition and nanorod shape were optimized to tune their absorption cross-section maximum to the central wavelength of a short laser pulse. The number density distribution of randomly located nanoresonators along a laser pulse-length scaled target was numerically optimized to maximize the absorptance with the criterion of minimal absorption difference between neighboring layers illuminated by two counter-propagating laser pulses. Wide Gaussian number density distribution of core–shell nanoparticles and nanorods enabled to improve the absorptance with low standard deviation; however, the energy deposited until the overlap of the two laser pulses exhibited a considerable standard deviation. Successive adjustment resulted in narrower Gaussian number density distributions that made it possible to ensure almost uniform distribution of the deposited energy integrated until the maximal overlap of the two laser pulses. While for core–shell nanoparticles the standard deviation of absorptance could be preserved, for the nanorods it was compromised. Considering the larger and polarization independent absorption cross-section as well as the simultaneously achievable smaller standard deviation of absorptance and deposited energy distribution, the core–shell nanoparticles outperform the nanorods both in optimized and adjusted nanoresonator distributions. Exception is the standard deviation of deposited energy distribution considered for the complete layers that is smaller in the adjusted nanorod distribution. Optimization of both nanoresonator distributions has potential applications, where efficient and uniform energy deposition is crucial, including biomedical applications, phase transitions, and even fusion
Hvor kostnadseffektivt er et kutt i norsk petroleumsproduksjon som klimatiltak?
No full textBasert på litteratur som omhandler karbonlekkasje, produksjonsintensitet og andre sentrale variabler for effektene av produksjon og konsum av fossile brensler har jeg i denne oppgaven undersøkt hvor kostnadseffektivt et kutt i petroleumsutvinning er som klimatiltak for Norge. Jeg har undersøkt tiltakskostnaden av å stenge felt som allerede er i drift og tiltakskostnaden av å ikke bygge ut fremtidige felt. Tiltakskostnaden til å stenge ned aktive felt har blitt estimert i tidsperioden 2022-2030 ved å anslå inntektene, kostnadene og hvor mange tonn CO2 en kunne spart ved å stenge feltene i denne tidsperioden. Funnene tyder på at å stenge felt som allerede er bygget kan anses til å være et dyrt klimatiltak. For å finne tiltakskostnaden til å stoppe videre utbygging av petroleumssektoren undersøker jeg nyåpnede felt for å kunne uttale meg om tiltakskostnaden til fremtidige felt. Tiltakskostnaden ved å ikke bygge videre ut ser konkurransedyktig ut når den sammenlignes med andre klimatiltak. Videre er det gjort en sensitivitetsanalyse der det fremkommer at tiltakskostnaden for å kutte petroleumsproduksjonen varierer mye avhengig av hvilke antakelser en legger til grunn og hvilke fremtidsutsikter en har. Det er gjennomgående høy variasjon i tiltakskostnaden mellom felt på bakgrunn av forskjeller i inntekter, utslipp, kostnader og lønnsomhet. Som følge av dette konkluderes det med at den gjennomsnittlige tiltakskostnaden ikke nødvendigvis rettferdiggjør en nedskalering på tvers av hele sektoren, men heller for at et kutt i petroleumsproduksjonen i Norge absolutt kan tjene som et kostnadseffektivt klimatiltak i noen tilfeller og at hvert felt derfor må vurderes isolert sett
Optimalisering av ekstraksjon og renseprosedyre for miljøprøver til analyse av polysykliske aromatiske hydrokarboner (PAH)
No full textHensikten med denne oppgaven var å optimalisere ekstraksjoner og renseprosedyrer av PAH i
mikrosilika og sammenlikne dette med den standard metoden som bruker Soxhlet og PAH-silika.
Det brukt 3 forskjellige mikrosilika prøver fra samme industrielle anlegg med allerede kjente
konsentrasjoner som ble brukt for forskjellige prøveopparbeidelser. Resultatene ble sammenliknet og
et optimalisert program på ASE ble laget.
Det ble konkludert at den allerede grunnlagte metoden med Soxhlet og PAH-silika ga best utbytte for
ekstraksjon med mikrosilika. Videre arbeid inkluderer å utvikle en ASE metode for en annen matriks
som for eksempel sedimenter, og teste en MIPs kolonne for solide matrikser
A Work Environment Under Pressure : Psychosocial Job Demands and Resources Among Saturation Divers
No full textHvordan har nybygg i Norge utviklet seg til å bli mer klima- og miljørettet de siste ti årene?
No full textSCREENING REPRESENTATION—short-circuits
No full textExpanded Visions—A New Anthropology of the Moving Image (Routledge)
Book discussion "Expanded Visions: Arnd Schneider in conversation with Theo Barth".
Moderator: Ali Onat Türker
Place: Library in the Oslo National Academy of the Arts,
Date: 15.06.2022
Time: 12:00-14:00
In his book, Arnd Schneider argues for a new anthropology of the moving image, bringing together a significant range of essays on time-based media in the contemporary arts and anthropology.
Arnd Schneider builds on recent attempts to develop more experimental formats and engages with debates on epistemologies of ethnography, relational aesthetics, materiality, sensory ethnography, and observational and participatory cinema.
He critically revisits Baudrillard’s idea of the simulacrum and the hyperreal, engages with new media theory, and elaborates on the potential of the Writing Culture critique for moving image practices bordering art and anthropology. Schneider further engages with film production ethnography and the current decolonial debate.
Theodor Barth applies the principles used to study the moving image, featuring in the book, to develop a reading of the book itself, based on postproduction on an iPAD. An attempt of intervention across the fields of visual anthropology, film and media studies and visual studies.
The conversation took place with an experimental seating pattern, in which the audience are onstage and part of the floor of the conversation. This seating pattern is part of an experimental setup called the learning theatre. Managed by Ali Onat Türker
Monitoring farmed fish welfare by measurement of cortisol as a stress marker in fish feces by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
No full textThe aquaculture industry has become a sustainable source of food for humans. Remaining challenges include disease issues and ethical concerns for the discomfort and stress of farmed fish. There is a need for reliable biomarkers to monitor welfare in fish, and the stress hormone cortisol has been suggested as a good candidate. This study presents a novel method for measurement of cortisol in fish feces based on enzymatic hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction, derivatization, and finally instrumental analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis and extraction conditions were optimized. Cortisol appeared to be mostly conjugated to sulfate and less conjugated to glucuronic acid in the studied samples of feces from farmed Atlantic salmon. The method was suitable for quantification of cortisol after enzymatic deconjugation by either combined glucuronidase and sulfatase activity, or by glucuronidase activity alone. The limit of detection was 0.15 ng/g, the limit of quantification was 0.34 ng/g, and the method was linear (R2 > 0.997) up to 380 ng/g, for measurement of cortisol in wet feces. Method repeatability and intermediate precision were acceptable, both with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 11%. Stress level was high in fish released into seawater, and significantly reduced after eight days
Molecular study of digenean diversity in aquatic organisms in northern Norway, with a focus on the seasonality of Crepidostomum [Braun, 1900]
No full textThis study aimed to elucidate cryptic trematode diversity across multiple life stages in aquatic organisms. I collected samples from first intermediate hosts (bivalves), second intermediate hosts (amphipods and insect nymphs), and definitive hosts (fish), and identified them by use of molecular methods. Phylograms based on molecular markers from 28S and COI genes were used to identify nine species from three families of trematodes. One of the species, Bunodera vytautasi, is new to Europe, and three of the species were found in putative new intermediate hosts. Phylograms were also made for the bivalve hosts of these trematodes, which permitted the identification of sphaeriid clams. My findings give further insights on the diversity of trematodes and their distributions in northern aquatic systems, as well as information on the macroinvertebrate hosts of trematodes.
Further, I observed some preliminary patterns on the seasonality of Crepidostomum in Arctic char and brown trout by looking at the species distribution from two sampling seasons. I observed a pattern where C. farionis and C. metoecus seem to infect and mature in fish at different seasons. Juvenile C. farionis stages were more common in the summer samples, and adults in the late autumn sample. C. metoecus were proportionally scarce compared to C. farionis, apart from the Arctic char autumn sample, where multiple juveniles were found. This pattern is likely to be attributed to fish predation on the second intermediate host where C. farionis infects insect larva, a prey item commonly consumed during the summer. C. metoecus on the other hand is the only species of Crepidostomum found to parasitise the amphipod Gammarus lacustris, a prey item Arctic char consumes more of during late autumn and winter. These findings give preliminary information on the seasonal variation closely related trematode species can have regarding their timing of trophic transmissions
Family-based treatment of children with severe obesity in a public healthcare setting: Results from a randomized controlled trial
No full textTo compare the effectiveness of family-based behavioural social facilitation treatment (FBSFT) versus treatment as usual (TAU) in children with severe obesity. Parallel-design, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial conducted at a Norwegian obesity outpatient clinic. Children aged 6–18 years referred to the clinic between 2014 and 2018 were invited to participate. Participants were randomly allocated using sequentially numbered, opaqued, sealed envelopes. FBSFT (n = 59) entailed 17 sessions of structured cognitive behavioural treatment, TAU (n = 55) entailed standard lifestyle counselling sessions every third month for 1 year. Primary outcomes included changes in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) and percentage above the International Obesity Task Force cut-off for overweight (%IOTF-25). Secondary outcomes included changes in sleep, physical activity, and eating behaviour. From pre- to posttreatment there was a statistically significant difference in change in both BMI SDS (0.19 units, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10–0.28, p < .001) and %IOTF-25 (5.48%, 95%CI: 2.74–8.22, p < .001) between FBSFT and TAU groups. FBSFT participants achieved significant reductions in mean BMI SDS (0.16 units, (95%CI: −0.22 to −0.10, p < .001) and %IOTF-25 (6.53%, 95% CI: −8.45 to −4.60, p < .001), whereas in TAU nonsignificant changes were observed in BMI SDS (0.03 units, 95% CI: −0.03 to 0.09, p = .30) and %IOTF-25 (−1.04%, 95% CI: −2.99 to −0.90, p = .29). More FBSFT participants (31.5%) had clinically meaningful BMI SDS reductions of ≥0.25 from pre- to posttreatment than in TAU (13.0%, p = .021). Regarding secondary outcomes, only changes in sleep timing differed significantly between groups. FBSFT improved weight-related outcomes compared to TAU