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The effect of the valence of forgiveness to service recovery strategies and service outcomes in food delivery apps
No full textThe literature offers valuable insights into various aspects of service recovery and service outcomes. However, the available findings are limited relative to the size of the ever-expanding service economy. In particular, past studies have left more granular nuances of the association between service recovery strategies and service outcomes, such as the mediating role of forgiveness or the valence of forgiveness, under-explored. Recognising that an improved understanding of recovery from failures is crucial for sustaining positive customer–brand relationships in the service economy, the present study investigates the mediating effect of the valence of forgiveness (both exoneration and resentment) on the association between various service recovery strategies (apology, compensation and voice) and service outcomes (brand trust and negative word of mouth [NWOM]) in the context of food delivery apps (FDAs). We tested the proposed model by analysing data from 294 FDA users who had experienced FDA service failures and recovery efforts in the recent past. The findings suggest that recovery strategies are associated with exoneration, resentment and brand trust but not with NWOM. While exoneration mediates the association of these strategies with both brand trust and NWOM, resentment mediates only the association of these strategies with NWOM. Finally, the severity of previously experienced service failures and the speed of the service provider’s response moderates the association of the valence of forgiveness with brand trust and NWOM. By uncovering the key role of the valence of forgiveness in service recovery, our study offers significant theoretical and practical implications for stakeholders
Gjenforeningsmålsettingen og samværsfastsettelse
No full textFormålet med oppgaven er å belyse gjenforeningsmålsettingen og dens betydning ved fastsettelse av samværsomfanget og ulike samværsrestriksjoner, slik det kommer til uttrykk i nasjonal rett og internasjonale konvensjoner. Det vil særlig bli sett hen til nyere praksis fra EMD og Høyesterett, samt den nye barnevernsloven
Faktisk isolasjon av innsatte i fengsel - En kritisk analyse av om praktiseringen av faktisk isolasjon er i strid med EMK artikkel 8 og artikkel 3.
No full textTema for avhandlingen er faktisk isolasjon av innsatte i fengsel. En innsatt som isoleres uten at det skyldes vedkommendes egen atferd og uten at det er fattet vedtak om isolasjonen, er faktisk isolert. Dette skjer typisk i mottaksavdelinger i fengselet, på grunn av lav bemanning og manglende fellesskapsarealer. Både varetektsfengslede og innsatte som soner dom blir systematisk faktisk isolert, og mangler rettssikkerhetsgarantier fordi de ikke har noe vedtak å påklage.
Det er grundig dokumentert at isolasjon kan gi helsemessige skader, og at graden av alvorlighet øker med varigheten av isolasjonen. Norge har i over 25 år fått omfattende og stadig sterkere kritikk fra internasjonale organer for bruken av isolasjon i fengsel. Kontrollorganene har påpekt at regelverket for å unngå isolasjon er for dårlig, antallet isolerte er høyt, rettsikkerhetsgarantiene for dårlige, og at faktisk isolasjon av innsatte over flere år er «not acceptable». Problemstillingen i denne avhandlingen er derfor om praktiseringen av faktisk isolasjon er i strid med retten til privatliv i EMK artikkel 8 og forbudet mot tortur, umenneskelig og nedverdigende behandling i artikkel 3
Avskjæring av ulovlig eller utilbørlig ervervet bevis i straffeprosess
No full textOppgavens tema er avskjæring av ulovlig eller utilbørlig ervervet bevis i straffeprosessen. Hovedproblemstillingen er om politiets innhenting av bevis ved bruk av mobilt og fjernstyrt kamera i etterforskning kan anses som ulovlig og/eller utilbørlig, og om det av denne grunn kan avskjæres. Bruk av mobilt og fjernstyrt kamera i etterforskning er en overvåkningsmetode som blir mer og mer aktuell, blant annet fordi den teknologiske utviklingen har gjort avansert overvåkningsutstyr lettere tilgjengelig. Av denne grunn er det relevant å undersøke om metoden er i tråd med gjeldende regler for bevisinnhenting
Verdsettelse av Mowi ASA
No full textI denne avhandlingen har vi gjennomført en verdsettelse av Mowi ASA (Mowi). Hensikten har vært å estimere aksjeverdien til Mowi 31.12.21, samt utarbeide en kjøps-, hold- eller salgsanbefaling. Tilnærmingen som nyttes er fundamental verdsettelse og herunder totalkapitalmetoden. Til slutt presenteres en handlingsstrategi basert på estimert verdi og aksjekursen til Mowi på Oslo Børs.
Mowi er verdensledende innen oppdrett av atlanterhavslaks, og har som eneste aktør implementert fôrproduksjon som en del av verdikjeden. Selskapet har en kostnadslederstrategi som innebærer at de har et stort fokus på å effektivisere produksjonen. Oppdrettsbransjen har vært i sterk vekst, og har et potensiale for å innta en større del av matforbruket globalt.
Lønnsomhetsanalysen viser at selskapet har en avkastning på investert kapital for alle år over 10%, som indikerer at selskapet øker sin verdi. Mowi har en lavere totalkapitalrentabilitet og egenkapitalrentabilitet enn de komparative selskapene, men analysene viser en tilfredsstillende rentabilitet. Videre viser lønnsomhetsanalysen en god soliditet og likviditet for selskapet. Vi har identifisert at lakseprisene og råvareprisene påvirker lønnsomheten i bransjen i stor grad.
Den strategiske analysen viser at bransjen treffer godt på makrotrendene, og det vurderes derfor som at framtidsutsiktene i bransjen er gode. For fremtidsprognosene legger avhandlingen derfor til grunn økt slaktevolum og salgsinntekter. Videre har vi identifisert at Mowi har midlertidig konkurransefortrinn innen fôrproduksjon og diversifisert drift. De største utfordringene bransjen står ovenfor i fremtiden er en sterkt regulert og miljøskadelig drift.
Med utgangspunkt i historisk regnskap og strategisk analyse beregnes fremtidige kontantstrømmer til totalkapitalen. I den fundamentale verdivurderingen kommer vi frem til en aksjepris på 205,4NOK per 31.12.21. Den komparative tilnærmingen nyttes for å kontrollere egne funn. Ved bruk av multipler får vi en aksjekurs på 190,9NOK. Den fundamentale verdsettelsen vektes med 90%, og den komparative med 10%. Vår konklusjon er at Mowi sin aksjepris er 204NOK per 31.12.21, sammenliknet med 209NOK på Oslo Børs samme dato. Handlingsstrategien blir derfor en holdanbefaling
Low reliability of DNA methylation across Illumina Infinium platforms in cord blood: implications for replication studies and meta-analyses of prenatal exposures
No full textBackground
There is an increasing interest in the role of epigenetics in epidemiology, but the emerging research field faces several critical biological and technical challenges. In particular, recent studies have shown poor correlation of measured DNA methylation (DNAm) levels within and across Illumina Infinium platforms in various tissues. In this study, we have investigated concordance between 450 k and EPIC Infinium platforms in cord blood. We could not replicate our previous findings on the association of prenatal paracetamol exposure with cord blood DNAm, which prompted an investigation of cross-platform DNAm differences.
Results
This study is based on two DNAm data sets from cord blood samples selected from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). DNAm of one data set was measured using the 450 k platform and the other data set was measured using the EPIC platform. Initial analyses of the EPIC data could not replicate any of our previous significant findings in the 450 k data on associations between prenatal paracetamol exposure and cord blood DNAm. A subset of the samples (n = 17) was included in both data sets, which enabled analyses of technical sources potentially contributing to the negative replication. Analyses of these 17 samples with repeated measurements revealed high per-sample correlations ( − R 0.99), but low per-CpG correlations ( −R ≈ 0.24) between the platforms. 1.7% of the CpGs exhibited a mean DNAm difference across platforms > 0.1. Furthermore, only 26.7% of the CpGs exhibited a moderate or better cross-platform reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient ≥ 0.5).
Conclusion
The observations of low cross-platform probe correlation and reliability corroborate previous reports in other tissues. Our study cannot determine the origin of the differences between platforms. Nevertheless, it emulates the setting in studies using data from multiple Infinium platforms, often analysed several years apart. Therefore, the findings may have important implications for future epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs), in replication, meta-analyses and longitudinal studies. Cognisance and transparency of the challenges related to cross-platform studies may enhance the interpretation, replicability and validity of EWAS results both in cord blood and other tissues, ultimately improving the clinical relevance of epigenetic epidemiology
Characterization of tire and road wear microplastic particle contamination in a road tunnel: From surface to release
No full textRoad pollution is one of the major sources of microplastic particles to the environment. The distribution of tire, polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) and tire and road wear particles (TRWP) in different tunnel compartments were explored: road surface, gully-pots and tunnel wash water. A new method for calculating TRWP using Monte Carlo simulation is presented. The highest concentrations on the surface were in the side bank (tire:13.4 ± 5.67;PMB:9.39 ± 3.96; TRWP:22.9 ± 8.19 mg/m2), comparable to previous studies, and at the tunnel outlet (tire:7.72 ± 11.2; PMB:5.40 ± 7.84; TRWP:11.2 ± 16.2 mg/m2). The concentrations in gully-pots were highest at the inlet (tire:24.7 ± 26.9; PMB:17.3 ± 48.8; TRWP:35.8 ± 38.9 mg/g) and comparable to values previously reported for sedimentation basins. Untreated wash water was comparable to road runoff (tire:38.3 ± 10.5; PMB:26.8 ± 7.33; TRWP:55.3 ± 15.2 mg/L). Sedimentation treatment retained 63% of tire and road wear particles, indicating a need to increase the removal efficiency to prevent these from entering the environment. A strong linear relationship (R2-adj=0.88, p < 0.0001) between total suspended solids (TSS) and tire and road wear rubber was established, suggesting a potential for using TSS as a proxy for estimating rubber loads for monitoring purposes. Future research should focus on a common approach to analysis and calculation of tire, PMB and TRWP and address the uncertainties related to these calculations
16 years of river restoration : effects of restoration measures on macroinvertebrates and salmonids in Bognelv, Northern Norway
No full textLotic ecosystems worldwide are being degraded by human activities, with severe consequences for stream biota. River restoration has gained momentum over the last decade, but many projects lack the long-term monitoring needed to efficiently evaluate restoration outcomes.
One river restoration project operating with a long-term perspective is the project in Bognelv in northern Norway. The river was channelized and secured against erosion and flooding between 1930 and 1990, with a resulting decline in fish stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Restoration began in 2006 and is now going on its 16th year, the latest measures being conducted in 2019.
This thesis is the eighth study investigating effects of river restoration on stream biota in Bognelv. Earlier studies show that Atlantic salmon and brown trout have responded well to the restoration measures, while Arctic charr have been absent from studies since 2013. Macroinvertebrates have been sampled in 2015, 2019 and 2021, to better understand how the restoration process affects the river biota.
In August and September 2021, we registered environmental variables and conducted electrofishing and kick-sampling in Bognelv. We followed the study design of earlier studies with a total of 56 stations spread from the lower to the middle stretches of the river. Our analysis focused on three main effects; type of restoration measure, time since last restoration measure, and distance from estuary. Only one Atlantic salmon was caught during electrofishing, and was therefore excluded from analysis. Due to unusual small body sizes and the resulting impaired catchability, 0+ for brown trout were difficult to sample in 2021 and were also excluded from our analyses. Our results show a sharp decline in brown trout densities from previous years for the age classes included in our analyses, but an increase in macroinvertebrate abundance.
The effect of type of restoration measure on macroinvertebrate diversity was not statistically significant, but our results showed a tendency to favor weirs as the most successful measure. We found a significantly positive effect of side channels and channelized stations on macroinvertebrate abundance. We were not able to find a statistically significant effect of type of measure on brown trout densities, but AIC model selection favored weirs and riparian modifications as the most successful measure.
The effect of time since last restoration measure on macroinvertebrates yielded statistically significant effects on abundance, but not on diversity. AIC model selection predicted a peak in abundance eight to ten years post-restoration. The effect of time on brown trout densities showed a decrease in the density the first ten years post-restoration, and a possible bottom- point being reached at about 14 years post-restoration.
The effect of distance from estuary did not prove statistically significant for diversity or abundance of macroinvertebrates. However, combined with type of measure and distance from estuary, the effect on macroinvertebrate abundance was significant. AIC model selection predicted a peak in abundance at three to four kilometers upstream in the river. For brown trout, predicted density was highest close to estuary.
Combined with results from earlier studies on restoration effects in Bognelv, this study provides valuable knowledge for future river restoration projects, as well as for the continued implementation of measures in Bognelv. Even so, more research on the effects of river biota in Bognelv is needed to properly understand the processes at play, and to further improve the ecological condition in the river
Simulator for Lokførerskolen
No full textDeskSim er et togsimuleringsprogram skapt i jMonkeyEngine av Lokførerskolen, som har formålet å lære studenter prinsippene av togkunduktering gjennom å gi dem et tryggt miljø hvor de kan få førstehånds erfaring. Vi ble gitt i oppgave av Lokførerskolen å demonstrere de grunnleggende funksjonalitetene til DeskSim i en ny spillmotor. I denne rapporten vil vi beskrive hvordan vi implementerte viktige komponenter av DeskSim i Unity spillmotoren, og beskrive framtidlige steg som kan gjøres for å finalisere prosjektet og implementere ting ønsket av Lokførerskolen. Formålet med denne rapporten er å detaljere hva vi har gjort for å vise at det er mulig å gjenskape DeskSim i Unity
Sigrid Toresdatter - mellom fiksjon og historie
No full textDenne oppgaven analyserer Vera Henriksens måte å fremstille den kvinnelige karakteren Sigrid i den historiske romantrilogien som inneholder verkene Sølvhammeren (1961), Jærtegn (1962) og Helgenkongen (1963). Ved å benytte en nyhistorisk inngang til analysen, og knytte den til feministisk litteraturteori har jeg funnet at Vera Henriksens syn på likestilling og likeverd trer frem for oss gjennom Sigrid Toresdatter handlinger. Samtidens feministiske prosjekt kommer dermed til syne, men presentert for leseren gjennom en fortelling satt i en norrøn tidsalder