Repositorio Institucional USIL - Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola
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Adaptación del Cuestionario de Capital Psicológico al ámbito educativo en una muestra argentina
Get PDFPsychological capital is defined as a state of positive psychological development that represents the person's positive assessment of the circumstances and their probability of success based on effort and perseverance. It is a construct composed by four components or psychological strengths: efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience. It was widely described and evaluated in the workplace; however, psychological capital can be applied to other spheres of a person's life, such as education. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adaptation to the educational context of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire in the Argentinean adolescent population (N = 313). Construct validity, convergent validity (with school performance and engagement) and reliability levels are analyzed. This research provides empirical evidence that supports good levels of validity and reliability of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire in the educational context in adolescent population.El capital psicológico es definido como un estado de desarrollo psicológico positivo que representa la valoración positiva que la persona hace de las circunstancias y su probabilidad de éxito basada en el esfuerzo y la perseverancia. Se trata de un constructo compuesto por cuatro componentes o fortalezas psicológicas: eficacia, optimismo, esperanza y resiliencia. El mismo fue ampliamente descripto y evaluado en el ámbito laboral; sin embargo, puede aplicarse a otras esferas de la vida de una persona, como por ejemplo al ámbito educacional. De allí que el objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación al contexto educativo del Cuestionario de Capital Psicológico en población adolescente Argentina (N=313). Se analizará la validez de constructo, la validez convergente (con rendimiento escolar y engagement) y los niveles de fiabilidad de dicha adaptación. Los resultados hallados aportan evidencias empíricas que avalan buenos niveles de validez y confiabilidad del Cuestionario de Capital Psicológico en el ámbito educativo y en la población adolescente
Análisis de la variable acoso escolar: un aporte desde la producción científica latinoamericana
Get PDFThe study describes the characteristics of Latin American scientific production on the bullying variable in journals indexed in Scopus, during the period 2010-2018. A retrospective descriptive study is carried out analyzing 637 articles. It is found that the countries with the greatest production are Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Colombia. Most of the articles are published in the journals Science e Saude Coletiva y Psicologia Escolar e Educativo. 90.3% of the publications represent original articles. It is concluded that Latin American scientific production on bullying has been increasing progressively in recent years; However, it still represents a minimum percentage worldwide, it is necessary to continue strengthening the dissemination of scientific studies.El estudio describe las características de producción científica latinoamericana sobre la variable acosos escolar en revistas indizadas en Scopus, durante el periodo 2010-2018. Se realiza un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo analizando 637 artículos. Se encuentra que los países que mayor producción tienen son Brasil, Chile, México y Colombia. La mayoría de los artículos se encuentran publicados en las revistas Ciencia e Saude Coletiva y Psicologia Escolar e Educacional. El 90.3 % de las publicaciones representa a artículos originales. Se concluye que la producción científica latinoamericana sobre acoso escolar ha ido aumentando progresivamente durante los últimos años; sin embrago, aún representa un mínimo porcentaje a nivel mundial, es necesario seguir fortaleciendo la generación de difusión de estudios científicos
Deberes educativos, de desarrollo y educativos en la taxonomía de los objetivos de formación
Get PDFEvery person has ability of creative thinking. However, not every person can be called a creative person. Creative people are those who are smart and possess the ability to grasp realities and reactions to these realities. At the same time, people who achieve extraordinary inventions or realize creative acts can also be referred to as creative people. The creative way of thinking is the type of thinking resulting from inventing new things or improving other actions. The creative way of thinking is used to generate a large number of ideas. The main characteristic of the creative way of thinking as an intellectual system is the ability to analyze any problem, establish systematic relations, reveal contrasts, find out ideal solutions for these contrasts, and forecast possible versions for the development. The research carried out once more proved that the creative way of thinking is important for life. From this reason, the society that wants to achieve great successes and implement creative potential must try to make students improve their creative ways of thinking.Toda persona tiene capacidad de pensamiento creativo. Sin embargo, no todas las personas pueden llamarse personas creativas. Las personas creativas son aquellas que son inteligentes y poseen la capacidad de comprender las realidades y las reacciones a estas realidades.Al mismo tiempo, las personas que logran inventos extraordinarios o realizan actos creativos también pueden denominarse personas creativas. La forma creativa de pensar es el tipo de pensamiento resultante de inventar cosas nuevas o mejorar otras acciones.La forma creativa de pensar se utiliza para generar una gran cantidad de ideas. La característica principal de la forma creativa de pensar como sistema intelectual es la capacidad de analizar cualquier problema, establecer relaciones sistemáticas, revelarcontrastes, encontrar soluciones ideales para estos contrastes y pronosticar posibles versiones para el desarrollo. La investigación llevada a cabo una vez más demostró que la forma creativa de pensar es importante para la vida. Por esta razón, la sociedad que quiere lograr grandes éxitos e implementar el potencial creativo debe tratar de hacer que los estudiantes mejoren sus formas creativas de pensar
Las características de la orientación pedagógica profesional
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the characteristics of professional orientation in pedagogy. Based on the works of I.S. Yakimanskoy, E.V. Bondarevskaya, A.A. Melik-Pashayeva, I.N. Semenova, V.K. Zaretsky and other researchers, the authors clarified the principles of personal orientation of educational activities that contribute to the development of the professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties at the university. The article also presents the author’s complex of pedagogical conditions ensuring the development of the professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties in a higher educational institution. The complex includes the following components: identification and formation of value orientations of students of pedagogical specialties; creating in higher education educational environment that promotes self-realization of the individual; accounting of students' subject experience; development of pedagogical abilities of future teachers; development of professional skills of university teachers as the basis for the formation of professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties. The article also describes the results of experimental work, which confirmed the effectiveness of the developed complex of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of the professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties in a higher educational institution on the basis of personal orientation of educational activities.Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar las características de la orientación profesional en pedagogía.Basado en los trabajos de I.S. Yakimanskoy, E.V. Bondarevskaya, A.A. Melik-Pashayeva, I.N. Semenova, V.K. Zaretsky y otros investigadores, los autores aclararon los principios de orientación personal de las actividades educativas que contribuyen al desarrollo de la orientación profesional de los estudiantes de especialidades pedagógicas en la universidad. El artículo también presenta el complejo de condiciones pedagógicas del autor que garantizan el desarrollo de la orientación profesional de los estudiantes de especialidades pedagógicas en una institución de educación superior. El complejo incluye los siguientes componentes: identificación y formación de orientaciones de valor de estudiantes de especialidades pedagógicas; creando en la educación superior un ambiente educativo que promueva la autorrealización del individuo; contabilidad de la experiencia de los alumnos en las materias; desarrollo de habilidades pedagógicas de futuros maestros; desarrollo de habilidades profesionales de docentes universitarios como base para la formación de orientación profesional de estudiantes de especialidades pedagógicas. El artículo también describe los resultados del trabajo experimental, que confirmó la efectividad del complejo desarrollado de condiciones pedagógicas que aseguran el desarrollo de la orientación profesional de los estudiantes de especialidades pedagógicas en una institución de educación superior sobre la base de la orientación personal de las actividades educativas
La filmación de clase en contexto de colegialidad: estrategia que favorece los procesos reflexivos respecto de la práctica pedagógica
Get PDFIn recent decades, the reflection on the teaching practices has been considered as an important means among the teacher trainers. Nevertheless, chilean research note that the universities of this country have not achieved that students of Teaching Programs may develop reflections on their pedagogical procedures systematically. This situation is no far from the reality of students of Pedagogía Media en Ciencias Naturales y Biología from Universidad Católica de Temuco. They achieve only in some cases, and intuitively, reflections that may help them improve their performance. The purpose of this research is to strengthen the levels of students’ reflection. In this context, the investigation is a qualitative one with a unique case study design. It points to the relevance of the use of class filming as a strategy which favors reflective processes on the pedagogical practice in collegiate contexts. It concludes that the participants appreciate the strategy of class filming, given that it favors the self assessment of their performance. Likewise, a mobility of the levels of reflection from the descriptive to the critic one, is shown. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that the mobility depends on the time the participants spend on the reflective process.En las últimas décadas, la reflexión respecto de las prácticas profesionales docentes ha sido considerada como un medio de desarrollo importante entre los formadores de profesores. Sin embargo, investigaciones chilenas dan cuenta que las universidades de este país no han logrado que los estudiantes de pedagogía desarrollen sistemáticamente reflexiones en relación a su quehacer docente. Esta situación no se aleja de la realidad que viven los estudiantes de la carrera de Pedagogía Media en Ciencias Naturales y Biología de la Universidad Católica de Temuco. Estos logran solo en algunos casos, y de forma intuitiva, reflexiones para la mejora de su mejorar desempeño. El propósito de esta investigación es fortalecer los niveles de reflexión de estudiantes de pedagogía. En este contexto, la investigación es cualitativa con diseño de estudio de caso único y evidenció la relevancia de la utilización de filmaciones de clase como estrategia que favorece procesos reflexivos sobre la práctica pedagógica en contextos de colegialidad. Se concluyó que los participantes valoran la estrategia de filmación de clase dado que favorece la autoevaluación del desempeño. Asimismo, se observó una movilización de los niveles de reflexión de la práctica pedagógica desde el nivel descriptivo al crítico; sin embargo, cabe destacar que se genera la movilización señalada dependiendo del tiempo que destinen los participantes al proceso reflexivo
Percepción de competencias docentes universitarias desde la perspectiva académica y estudiantil
Get PDFA permanent challenge in higher education is the development of teaching skills in academics to respond to the new profile of the student, demanding changes in the way teaching is delivered and evaluated. Here we evaluate the perception of university teaching skills from the perspective of students and the institutional perspective provided by teachers, as well as differences by gender, in a sample of 1837 students and 227 academics from a publicuniversity in two regions of south-central Chile. The general results indicate that teachers give greater importance to skills than students. Likewise, while students value skills, generating a pleasant climate in class and innovating in work practices, academics give greater importance to the transmission of knowledge and making evaluations more flexible. Nevertheless, there is agreement between both groups, considering that planning classes is the least important competence. With respect to differences by sex, women (students and teachers) tend to give more importance to skills than men. The results point toward establishing better interpersonal relations between students and teachers beyond the classroom and above the transmission of knowledge itself, considering gender differences.Un desafío permanente en la educación superior es el desarrollo de competencias docentes en los académicos que permitan responder al nuevo perfil del estudiante, demandando cambios en la forma de impartir y evaluar la docencia. Se evalúa aquí, la percepción de las competencias docentes universitarias desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes y la perspectiva institucional otorgada por los docentes, así como las diferencias por sexo, en una muestra de 1837 estudiantes y 227 académicos de una universidad pública de dos regiones del centro sur de Chile. Los resultados generales indican que docentes dan mayor importancia a las competencias que los estudiantes. Asimismo, mientras los estudiantes valoran las competencias generar un clima agradable en clases e innovar en las prácticas de trabajo, los académicos dan mayor importancia a la transmisión de conocimientos y flexibilizar las evaluaciones. No obstante, existe concordancia entre ambos grupos, al considerar como la competencia menos importante planificar las clases. Respecto las diferencias por sexo, las mujeres (estudiantes y docentes) tienden a dar más importancia a las competencias que los hombres. Los resultados orientan hacia establecer mejores relaciones interpersonales entre estudiantes y docentes más allá de las aulas y por sobre la transmisión de conocimientos en sí misma, considerando diferencias de género
Developmental Education for University Students: Ways and Methods of its Organization
Get PDFThis article is devoted to the organization of developmental education of students of higher educational institutions. Based on works by I.A. Zimniaia, T.I. Iliin, V.V. Kraevskii, G.M. Kodzhaspirova, I.Ia. Lerner, I.F. Kharlamov and other researchers, the authors clarified the concept of “developmental education of university students", analyzed its components, systematized domestic and foreign experience in organizing developmental education in a higher educational institution. The article also presents the author’s set of pedagogical conditions, which contributes to the organization of developmental education for university students. This set includes the following components: correction of students' value orientations in the educational process of the university; the development of cognitive activity of students and the construction of the educational process at the university, subject to the requirements of a person-centered approach
Creation of an Electronic Textbook for University Students
Get PDFThe need for e-learning in modern Russia is caused by the rapid development of informatization, digitalization, information and communication technologies, the creation of a global environment for mutual integration of cultures and disciplines, as well as the formation of open continuous education, which is the basis of a post-industrial (information) society. These processes stimulate an active search for creative educational practices that meet the requirements of the information society. A modern specialist must have a certain amount of knowledge that will allow him to learn constantly, improve his skills and abilities, self-develop and self-actualize in order to keep up with the time of changes in the information society. In the framework of the modern educational paradigm, the student is considered as a subject of knowledge, not an object of pedagogical influence. In the early – mid-2010s, this is actively promoted by electronic learning (e-learning, EL), which should be used in various educational organizations. E-learning allows integrating into the world scientific community, becoming subjects of interaction between cultures, including the exchange of spiritual values. Implementation of EL is one of the key tasks in the context of modernization of national education. The term “electronic learning” is translated into Russian in various ways. The most popular options are: “distance learning/education”, “mobile learning”, and “virtual learning”. The European Commission interprets “e-learning” as “using new multimedia and Internet technologies to improve the quality of learning by improving access to resources and services, as well as remote knowledge sharing and collaboration”. In this study, the concept of “e-learning” will correspond to the phrase “electronic learning”. This is an educational process based on interactive electronic means of storing and providing information: the Internet, corporate networks, and CDs
Connection of Social Policy Implementation with the Dynamics of Social Orphanhood in Russian Regions
Get PDFThe problem of social orphanhood is one of the most important fmong the social problems of modern Russia, it is acute for a society. In the study of the problems of social orphanage, we used the author’s methods of ranking the regions of Russia according to the dynamics of indicators, an integrated index of “favorable” changes, as well as rating data and indicators of the development of regions of Russia implemented by subjects of social policy and the system of protecting children's rights. Based on the results of the study, the main problems in the social protection of families and citizens in difficult situations are identified. The problems lie in the areas of financial security of social programs, legislative regulation, information support. The results of the study can be used in the activities of social support services. The preventive of social orphanage should be measures of an active social policy
Effect of Financial Leverage on the Trend of Stock Pricing Fluctuations in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Get PDFThe key factor in creating value in companies and banks is the capital structure and financing method so that companies are moving towards creating value through debt control and the use of proper financing. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of financial leverage on the stock price volatility trend in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2018 using systematic elimination method. The results of data analysis showed that financial leverage capital has significant effect on the trend of stock price volatility in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange