Publishing House of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
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State Regulation of Public Health in the Precarpathian Region during the Period of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1772-1918)
Get PDFOn the basis of archival documents, published historical documents and other available information sources, there was clarified the state of state regulation of public health (preventive medicine) in the Precarpathian region during the period of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, that is a relevant experience for building a modern health care system in Ukraine.
Frequent changes in various socio-economic formations and the transition of the Precarpathian region from one state to another were found to significantly influence the nature of social relations in the region. Medical and sanitary care in this region was organized according to and influenced by the laws of the state that included the Precarpathian region in the relevant historical period.
Trying to expand medical care and educational work among the population in order to prevent illness and increase life expectancy during the period of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1772-1918), the authorities and public institutions in the field of health care initiated systematic and purposeful work on the formation of the basis for preventive medicine and, in fact, broke grounds in the field of public health. Their experience and practice are not only of scientific interest, but also of practical significance for the construction of a modern health system
Histomorphological Effects of Nicotine on Selected Parts of the Brain of Adult Wistar Rats
Get PDFNicotine has been defined as a potent parasympathomimetic alkaloid that accumulates in the roots and leaves of Nightshade family of plants Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of orally ingested nicotine in the histology of hippocampus, substantia nigra and cerebellum.Materials and Methods: Twenty four adult male Wistar rats (100g – 200g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (group 1 – group 4). Group 1 served as the control group, while groups 2 - 4 were the treated groups. Nicotine was diluted in water and 1ml of the different dosage (2mg/kg/day, 4mg/kg/day and 6mg/kg/day) were administered to the treated groups respectively with the aid of orogastric cannula for 42 days. Animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation at the end of 7, 21 and 42 days so as to demonstrate the dose and time dependant effect of this agent. Brain tissues were harvested, processed and stained using Haematoxylin and eosin according to standard histological techniques. Stained tissue images were captured using digital micrometer eyepiece and cell count was determined using stereological technique.Statistical analysis: Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis with the use of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 20). Significant differences were obtained using One Way Analysis of Variance with a probability of 0.05 (95% confidence limit) and Tukeys post hoc test was further used to determine the mean significant differences between specific groups.Results: Histological findings showed mild, moderate and severe hyperplasia in a dose and time dependant manner. However, observations from quantitative analysisalso revealed a dose and time dependant significant increase in neuronal cell count and cell diameter of the hippocampus, Substantia nigra and cerebellum.Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that oral exposure of Nicotine in rats display proliferative adaptive changes on the hippocampus, substantia nigra and cerebellum in a dose/time dependent manner
Interest of Surgical Treatment of Per-Trochanteric Fractures by Gamma Nail: About 100 Cases
Get PDFGamma nail closed osteosynthesis has surpassed several methods previously used in the treatment of fractures in the trochanteric region.
The objective of the research was to carry out an epidemiological study and to assess the evolutionary profile of patients with per-trochanteric fracture treated with gamma nail.
Materials and methods. In this retrospective study, we report the experience of the Traumatology-Orthopedics Service II of the Military Teaching Hospital Mohamed V-Rabat, in the treatment of per-trochanteric fractures by gamma nail in 100 cases, collected between January 2011 and March 2016.
Results. The average age of our patients was 68 years, with a male predominance of 67%. The most reported etiology (92% of cases) was simple drop. Stable fractures were the most common (81%), with a predominance of simple per-trochanteric fractures. The average response time was 24 hours, the average duration of the surgical procedure was 45 minutes. The rate of infectious complications was 1%; the rate of mechanical complications was 1%. The functional results were excellent and good in 95% of cases. The average consolidation time was 8 weeks.
Conclusions. Trochanteric fracture is a delayed emergency which is seen primarily in the elderly. The gamma nail represents one of the latest improvements in implants for the treatment of these fractures. We report a series of 100 cases of trochanteric fractures treated surgically by gamma nail. The functional results were very encouraging compared to those reported in the literature.
 
Formation of Structural Components of Masticatory Muscles in Postnatal Ontogenesis and Their Changes in Experimental Iodine Deficiency
Get PDFInvestigating the blood vessels of masticatory muscles, we have determined a structural age reorganization, which manifests itself in increasing the diameter of all parts of the arterial and venous bed. Also, with age (in mature animals) the number of capillaries per unit of the area and the number of capillaries, which supply with blood one muscular fiber that corresponds to the growth and muscular fibers development demands, increase. Histologically and submicroscopically, muscular fibers acquire a definitive structure. The percentage distribution of different types of fibers is changing: the amount of OGMF decreases with the simultaneous growth of GMF and the amount of OMF is almost unchanged, indicating the decrease of oxidative processes, and it is confirmed by a slight increase of the volumetric fraction of mitochondria in OMF and a moderate decrease of their part in other types of muscular fibers compared with a significant increase of the volumetric fraction of myofibrils.
Under the conditions of iodine deficiency, we have observed the changes in the diameter of the lumen of all parts of the arterial and venous bed: narrowing of the arterial and dilation of venous vessels. One can also note the thickening of the arterial wall due to the edema of all its membranes. These changes are more pronounced in the vessels of the masticatory muscles of the immature animals, which are confirmed by morphometric studies. Also the number of hemocapillaries decreases. Ultramiscoscopically, edema is also noted in the endothelial cells. During histological examination of muscular fibers there are changes in the quantitative composition of different types with a tendency to decrease the number of OGMF with simultaneous growth of GMF. Also, there is an increase of the cross-sectional area of all types of muscular fibers. During ultramicroscopic examination, the edematous changes of muscular fibers are also observed, especially in GMF. There is also an increase of the volumetric fraction of mitochondria and the volumetric fraction of myofibrils in muscular fibers, indicating the edematous changes in these structures and the strength of oxidative processes
Reorganization of Intraorganic Blood Vessels of the Bladder in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFObjective: To give histologic, morphometric and ultrastructural characteristics of intraorganic hemovessels of the urinary bladder of rats at the stages of streptozotocin diabetes.
Material and methods.
There were used 70 Wistar male rats; diabetes mellitus was modeled with streptozotocin (60 mg / kg of body weight); material was taken on 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70-th day of experiment; histological, morphometric and electron microscopic research was performed.
Results
The microscopic, morphometric and ultrastructural peculiarities of transformation of intraorganic blood vessels of rats’ bladder during streptozotocin diabetes were detected.
Conclusions:
1) the bladder diabetic microangiopathy is nonspecific process, the specificity of which is determined by the degree of expressiveness of vascular disorders which are characterized by these: a) the change of arteriolar vascular tone manifesting itself initially by dilatation, then by decrease of the lumen, then by secondary expansion; b) reconstruction of hemocapillar basal membrane, which becomes thicker 3.22-fold by the end of the experiment, disorganized and lamellar; c) blood rheological disturbances expressed in sludges in particular venules on the 14th day of experiment, on the 28th – in most venules, on the 42nd – also in capillaries, on the 56-70-th generalized sludge syndrome of all bladder layers appears; 2) diabetic angiopathy is accompanied with swelling of different genesis: interstitial one increases till the 28th day of experiment, since the 42nd it decreases; since the 42nd day plasma percolation of perivascular connective tissue increases; swelling of endotheliocytes appears on the 28-42th day of diabetes
Frequency and Spectrum of Chromosomal Aberrations, Acrocentric Chromosome Associations Among Long Livers with Arterial Hypertension and Osteoarthritis Residing in the Carpathian Region
Get PDFTo maintain thyroid homeostasis, a key role is played not only by the adequate provision of a body with iodine, but also with other essential micronutrients, iron in particular. Iron is involved in the conversion of the amino acid L-phenylalanine into L-tyrosine, which is the part of active center of thyroid peroxidase which catalyzes the reactions of oxidation and organification of iodine during the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. At the same time, insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones leads to mucinous edema of the gastric mucosa and closure of its ductless glands and reduction in both gastric juice secretion and iron absorption.
The objective of the research was to determine the influence of latent iron deficiency onto the thyroid status of schoolchildren.
Materials and methods. The study involved 68 boys and 65 girls at the age 6-11 years (Group I) and 12-18 years (Group II). To assess iron metabolism, the levels of hemoglobin in capillary blood, serum iron and ferritin, serum iron binding capacity were determined. To clarify the thyroid status in blood serum samples, there were determined the content of free triiodothyronine and thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone of adenohypophysis, urinary iodine concentration; the dimension of the thyroid gland was determined and evaluated considering gender as well as body surface area according to the standards of thyroid volume (97 percentile).
Results. It was established that latent iron deficiency can cause thyroid homeostasis disorders, as indicated by the growth of TSH in blood serum of girls by 37.5% (p<0.01) as compared to the control data. The probability of the formation of thyroid dysfunction significantly increases in case of combined iodine and iron deficiency. The development of subclinical hypothyroidism was established in 90.0% of boys and 89.0% of girls at the age of 6-11 years and 100.0% of boys and 75.0% of girls at the age of 12-18 years with mild iodine deficiency and latent iron deficiency. In schoolchildren with microelementosis, an increase in the thyroid gland was revealed in 66.6% of boys and 75.0% of girls of Group I and in half of boys and girls of Group II.
Conclusions. Iron deficiency can cause changes in thyroid homeostasis even at the stage of preclinical disorders. Latent iron deficiency potentiates the development of subclinical hypothyroidism in case of mild iodine deficiency
Major Types of Parahtyroid Glands Location and Their Relationship with the Post-Operative Hypoparathyroidism
Get PDFWe have performed 130 operations on the thyroid gland. The spectrum of surgical interventions on the thyroid gland was as follows: hemithyroidectomy was performed for 49.2% of patients, thyroidectomy – for 23.1% of patients and thyroidectomy with central and peripheral lymph node dissection – for 27.7% of patients. All patients were performed the determination of PTG type and their visual assessment.Types A and B1 are rarely traumatized during operations on thyroid gland, PTG of type B2 and B3, C practically in almost all cases are damaged or become ischemic in a varying degree, therefore, types B2, B3 and C can be considered as the risk factors for the development of postoperative HPT, and in case of type B2 of PTG they were technically difficult to be isolated without damage, and in the B3 and C types it is generally difficult to keep them intact. Determination of the type of PTG and their visual assessment is the basis for solution to the problem of preservation of PTG in place or of their autotransplantatio
Students’ Scientific Circle of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Get PDFThe students’ scientific circle is the kind of teaching obstetrics and gynaecology in a higher medical institution. The circle is an elective form of learning that allows the students to get deeper knowledge of a subject and to perfect themselves in the issues of diagnostics in obstetrics and gynaecology as well as to acquaint themselves with basic medical techniques. It helps identify students who are capable of scientific research and allows the students to improve their ability to analytical perception of professional information, the ability to present it to the audience, ask and answer the questions publicly. The article presents the results of practical and research activities of obstetric and gynaecologic section of the students’ scientific circle of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
HBV-Infection and Pregnancy
Get PDFTo date, the problem of HBV-infection in pregnant women remains relevant and one of the most important for medical science and health care, as it can be considered as a maternal-fetal infection.The aim of the research is to investigate the course of HBV-infection in pregnant women, depending on the duration of the disease, the degree of viremia and the activity of hepatitis, taking into account gestational periods.Materials and methods. The course of pregnancy in 142 women aged 18-35 years with HBV-infection was monitored. Serum markers and viral load (VL) of hepatitis B (HB) were determined, as well as the levels of ALT, AST, thymol test, serum bilirubin levels during each trimester of pregnancy.Results. In pregnant women with HBV-infection, HBsAg-carriage was most often diagnosed, and the replication stages were less frequent (96 and 46, respectively).Clinical picture of the immune-active phase of chronic HBV-infection was oligosymptomatic without violation of pigment metabolism and manifestations of mesenchymal-inflammatory reaction. The minimal degree of cytolysis prevailed, which did not depend on the degree of the viremia. In women with immune-tolerant phase of cytolysis during pregnancy was not observed.In pregnant women with replication stage of HBV-infection and low degree of viremia, the VL increased at 1-2 log compared to the second and third trimesters, and in women with high viremia – at 2-3 log.In most women-carriers of HBsAg moderate degree of viremia predominated, and in the rest – it was not determined. During the entire pregnancy, the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV-infection was latent and did not transform into the immune-active phase.Conclusion. Thus, the diagnosis of chronic HBV-infection was verified before pregnancy in 2.8 %, and during pregnancy – in 97.2 % of women. Carriage of HBsAg prevailed in them (67.6 %), and replicative forms were registered in 32.4 % of patients. The peculiarity of replicative forms is subclinical (65.3 %) and asymptomatic (34.7 %) clinical course with low VL (˂ 105 copies/mL), which in most cases (91.3 %) increases before delivery at 1-2 log and is accompanied by low activity of hepatitis, without violation of pigment metabolism.
Plasma Level of High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Arterial Hypertension
Get PDFArterial hypertension is an independent predictor of acute myocardial infarction. Nowadays, plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein is a marker of cardiovascular risk. The objective of the research was to evaluate plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction and arterial hypertension depending on myocardial remodeling type. Materials and methods. 130 patients with myocardial infarction (63 individuals with concomitant arterial hypertension and 67 individuals without it) were observed. Transthoracic echocardiogram was used. To evaluate plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein the ELISA method was applied. Results. Plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction increased by 5.11 times compared to the control group: (10.67 [5.43; 12.89]) mg/l and (2.09 [1.40; 4.60]) mg/l, respectively (p<0.001). In myocardial infarction and arterial hypertension, this parameter increased by 6.57 times (to (13.73 [7.05; 15.17]) mg/l) (p<0.001), and by 1.27 times (p<0.05) as compared to patients without arterial hypertension. No differences in plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein were detected in patients with different types of left ventricular remodeling.Conclusions. Acute myocardial infarction caused by high plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein is severer in co-existent arterial hypertension. There are no differences in blood levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein depending on the type of left ventricular remodeling