Publishing House of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
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The Role of Insulin, IGF-1 and PRAS40 in the Processes of Oncogenesis in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Endometrial Cancer
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to investigate the content of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and phosphorylated protein kinase proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa and to determine their role in the activation of oncogenesis processes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and endometrial cancer.
Materials and methods. There were examined 46 women who were divided into 4 groups: Group I included healthy women; Group II comprised women with type 2 diabetes mellitus; Group III included women with endometrial cancer; Group IV comprised women with endometrial cancer and co-existent type 2 diabetes mellitus. The levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, phospho- proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa were determined by immune-enzyme analysis. The compensation of diabetes mellitus was evaluated by hemoglobin A1c level using method of ion-exchange chromatography. The results obtained were analyzed using statistical analysis.
Results. Women of all study groups had increased levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 as compared to the control group (p<0.05). The level of phospho-proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa increased in the patients of Group II (p<0.05) and the patients of Group III (p<0.05) and decreased in the patients of Group IV (p<0.05). According to correlation analysis, phospho-proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa was found to correlate with body mass index, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in Group II, body mass index and insulin-like growth factor-1 in Group III and body mass index in Group IV (p<0.05).
Conclusions. There was found an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and endometrial cancer through obesity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin-like growth factor-1. The increase in phospho- proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa level was a sign of activation of mTOR and oncogenesis processes in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The decrease in phospho-proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa in the patients with endometrial cancer and co-existent type 2 diabetes mellitus can be explained by the influence of other intracellular regulatory systems or the effects of antidiabetic drugs, that requires additional study
Clinical Aspects of Physiology Teaching for Ergotherapists
Get PDFErgotherapist – is the youngest specialty in medical practice of Ukraine. The aim of higher medical educational institutions is to formulate logical, clinical thinking and effective assimilation of medical knowledge to be used by ergotherapists-practitioners. One of the main tasks of an ergotherapist is to restore the body’s functions that have been lost as a result of illness or injury, and to restore a person to a full social life (self-care, work, etc.). These specialists are working to restore the sensory and motor functions of the body, to develop new skills and abilities for the person to adapt to living in society. Achievement of the goal and performance of these tasks is impossible without knowledge of physiology, which provides the basis for the study of pathophysiology, pharmacology, cardiology, physiotherapy and other clinical disciplines. It improves the quality of study and helps to better acquire theoretical material, to master the skills of clinical physiology a competent approach in the organization of Physiology teaching
Pedagogical Aspects of Adaptation of First-Year Ukrainian and Foreign Russian-Speaking Students of the Department of Medicine
Get PDFTimely adaptation of first-year students to new living conditions and educational activities is one of the most important challenges of high school. The objective of the research was to study and analyze the problems of adaptation to high school experienced by Ukrainian and foreign first-year students of the Department of Medicine. The questionnaires offered to students showed that the main adaptation difficulties arise in the educational sphere. At the end of the first term, most students positively assessed the degree of their adaptability and noted the leading role of groupmates and friends in its formation. The possible directions of higher educational institution activity facilitating the process of adaptation of first-year students to high school were analyzed. According to the results of the questionnaire survey which indicated that the main difficulties were a lack of leisure time and academic overload, there is a need to optimize academic overload, as well as to inform psychologists, curators and lecturers about the formation of students’ ability to rationally schedule their time and the development of independent working skills
Questionnaire of Third-Year Medical Students of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University Undergoing Shortened Course of Study About Delivered Lecture in Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery
Get PDFThe educational process in Ukraine, that is undergoing reform due to the introduction of the European Credit Transfer System, requires the improvement of the basic forms of education, namely lectures. This is due to the dynamic development of scientific advances in medicine, the appearance of innovative technologies, the growth of requirements for the formation of a competitive specialist, a doctor who constantly needs to improve his/her knowledge and practical skills in particular. The questionnaire of student audience helps clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching material presented during the lecture and the level of mastering the key moments of the lecture by students. We present the results of a questionnaire of students about the lecture delivered at the Department of Cinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery
Efficiency of Using Mastication Test with Food Stimuli While Performing Electromyographic Studies in Dental Patients
Get PDFThe relevance of the topic is related to the necessity for a more detailed study of the effectiveness of surface electromyography as a method for diagnosis of pathological conditions of the teeth-and-jaws system and estimation of the orthopaedic treatment results. The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of using a mastication test while performing surface electromyography in dental patients. We studied and analysed the output of surface electromyograms of m.masseter and m.temporalis obtained from a functional test of the maximum jaw clenching and a mastication test with a food stimulus in 54 persons. The results of the study showed a slight difference in the absolute values between the data of the functional test of the maximum jaw clenching and the mastication test. However, the comparative data of the tests after editing (removal of fragments representing the maximal mouth opening during the mastication from electromyograms in the "Neuro-MSP" program) showed no significant difference in data (>0.05) and the maximum approximation of the absolute values of the functional and mastication tests in all cases. Thus, it has been established that in practice the mastication test while performing electromyography in dental patients should be determined and carried out as an additional one in order to clarify the results of treatment. Further studying and establishment of the most effective methods for electromyography is considered to be promising in dentistry
Dental and Somatic Pathology Comoridity in Children
Get PDFThe aim of the research is to study the dental status of children with concomitant somatic pathology, to establish the interrelated correlations.To reach the aim the clinical observation of 460 12-15-year-old children was conducted: I group – children with chronic gastroduodenitis (90 people); II – children with dystonia (100); III – children with chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract (90 people); IV – children with diabetes type 1 (80), V – children with diffuse nontoxic goiter (100 people). Dental status of children was assessed by the indices OHI-S, PMA, CPI, prevalence and intensity of dental caries (DMF - Decayed, Missing, Filled), non-carious lesions of dental hard tissues and dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities. Conclusions. The highest intensity and prevalence of dental caries and periodontal tissue diseases is observed in case of gastroenterological pathology (96.7 and 90.0%, respectively). Dental caries complications are often observed in children with diabetes mellitus (62.5%) and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (44.4%). Dentofacial anomalies and deformities mostly occur in children with endocrinopathy (66% approximately). Poor oral hygiene, as well as the percentage of carious and extracted teeth in the DMF index structure indicates the need to improve dental care for these children.Development of prevention and treatment differentiated methods of children with concomitant somatic and dental pathology is promising
Oral Stereognosis in Patients with Completely Edentulous Jaws
Get PDFThirty patients with completely edentulous jaws (the main group) and 30 patients without denture defects and treated oral cavity (the control group) were examined in order to study oral stereognosis. Standard Н. Landt sets were used. The rate of tactile assessment of the objects shape in the oral cavity of the patients with completely edentulous jaws was established to decrease by 2.6 times on average in comparison with the control group, and the percentage of correctness of the sample determination decreased by 44.4%. After one month of prosthodontic treatment of the patients with completely edentulous jaws with the use of complete laminar dentures, the rate of tactile assessment of the objects’ shape increased by 18.3% and the index of the correctness of the sample determination increased by 31.5%. The results of the oral stereognosis study showed that the duration of collecting and analysis of receptor signals of oral mucosa in the patients with completely edentulous jaws was longer than in the patients without denture defects. However, the tactile sensitivity of the oral mucosa had the ability to recover in one month after prosthodontic treatment with complete laminar dentures. 
Simulation Methods in the Development of Students’ Professional Competence at Higher Medical Educational Institutions
Get PDFThe development of practical skills and abilities is one of the most important tasks of students and teachers of higher medical educational institutions. The ensuring of providing an effective and adequate assistance to the patient in an urgent situation is of particular importance. Various simulation methods exist in educational and medical training centers of higher medical educational institutions to practice the methods of providing medical care in emergency situations. The scientific and practical centers are equipped with training phantoms (for suturing deep wound, reducing dislocations) and allow polishing professional skills during practical classes or after them. Simulation methods give an opportunity to objectively assess the correctness of the actions performed by the student, to teach the technique of cardiac massage and artificial respiration, to correct the position of the mannequin head thereby protecting the person who performs resuscitation procedure from infectious agents. The possibility of simulation training and multiple repetitive resuscitation actions practices the students’ ability to work during an emergency until it becomes automatic. The use of simulation training of medical students allowed bringing the level of national science closer to the world standards
Use of Modern Methods of Diagnostic of Occlusal Disorders in Patients with Carious Disease
Get PDFOcclusal disorders are one of the key problems in dentistry. They are observed at many dental diseases, resulted in the emergence of pathological processes in chewing system. Tooth decay is one of the factors that leads to disorders of occlusion. The purpose of our research is the study of occlusal disorders in patients with carious disease using modern methods of diagnostics, namely, technology of laser fluorescence and computer analysis of occlusion. 110 students of first 3 years of study at Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University at the age of 17-20 with carious lesions of first molars were examined for the diagnostic of relationship between occlusal contacts. They were the citizens of the regions with low level of fluoride. 20 students with carious lesion of the dentin were selected to determine the nature of occlusal disorders. Analysis of occlusion was performed with the help of computerized system T-Scan Novus. Results of the study indicate that carious process has direct impact on the occurrence of occlusal disorders
Specific Characteristics of Bioelectric Activity of the Brain in Women with Placental Dysfunction Considering the Type of Psychological Component of Gestation Dominant
Get PDF The study of the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the course of pregnancy, childbirth and fetal state remains relevant. Changes in the parameters of electroencephalography may be detected long before the onset of clinical symptoms in the complicated course of pregnancy.
The objective of the research was to evaluate electroencephalography in women with placental dysfunction and gestational complications taking into account the type of psychological component of gestation dominant.
Materials and methods. Electroencephalography was performed in 60 pregnant women at the age of 19 to 45 years with gestational hypertension and fetal distress during pregnancy. The main group included 40 patients, who were stratified according to the type of psychological component of gestation dominant: 10 patients with euphoric type, 20 pregnant women with anxious and depressive type, 10 patients with hypogestognostic type. The comparison group comprised 20 patients with optimal type of psychological component of gestation dominant and normal course of the first half of pregnancy. The assessment of psychological component of gestation dominant was carried out according to the method proposed by Dobriakov I.V. - "Pregnant woman attitude test". Registrations, spectral and coherent analysis of electroencephalography were performed using BrainTest-24 hardware and software complex. \textbf{Results and discussion. }Electroencephalography of the patients of the comparison group was in line with current concepts regarding the physiological norm. In the main group, there were the following changes in electroencephalography: non-sinusoidal forms of alpha-oscillations (77.5%), high index of fast rhythms, flashes of spike waves under load, disturbances of the frontal occipital gradient with the focus on the anterior sections of the hemispheres.
Conclusions. The use of electroencephalography in women with different types of psychological component of gestation dominant in case of progressive placental dysfunction and preeclampsia on its background allows identifying characteristic changes, modifying the program of therapeutic measures, differentiating obstetric tactics and terms of delivery