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Variants of Localization and Extension of Hypo- and Aplasia of the Great Saphenous Vein in Patients with Primary Varicose Great Saphenous Veins
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to improve the diagnostics and treatment of patients with primary varicose great saphenous veins by studying their frequency and systematizing the variants of localization and extension of great saphenous vein hypoplasia and aplasia in its trunk.
Materials and Methods. The study included 560 patients with varicose veins of the lower limbs and pathological refluxes in different segments of the great saphenous vein. All the patients underwent triplex ultrasound scan of the lower limb venous system.
Results. Among the patients with pathological reflux in a certain GSV segment, hypo- and aplasia of its segments were observed in 32.5% of the cases (95% CI 28.6-36.6%). Aplasia of this vein was observed twice as less frequently than hypoplasia (p<0.05). In 2.3% of the cases (95% CI 1.2-3.9%), hypoplasia of a certain GSV segment evolved to aplasia, or vice versa. It was found that the GSV trunk may have several hypo- or aplastic regions separated by its normal or varicose segment – bi-level hypo- or aplasia that was observed in 3.8% of the patients with hypo- or aplasia (95% CI 1.6-7.8%). In bi-level hypo- or aplasia, 2 hypoplastic regions were detected in 85.7% of the cases (95% CI 42.1-99.6%) and 2 aplastic regions were found in 14.3% of the cases (95% CI 0.4-57.9%). There were proposed to distinguish the following variants of GSV hypo- and aplasia: 1) simple: total, proximal, segmental and distal; 2) bi-level: proximal segmental, distal segmental and bi-segmental. In addition, for every dysplastic vein segment, the type of malformation should be indicated, namely hypoplasia, aplasia, or hypo/aplasia.
Conclusions. The study conducted allowed assessing the relationship between the variants of GSV hypo- and aplastic segment localization and extension and different variations of pathological refluxes of the GSV in its trunk for further choice of surgical tactics
Changes in the Cytomorphometric Indices in Epitheliocytes of the Oral Mucosa of Patients with Generalized Periodontitis
Get PDFFor the study of some mechanisms of the pathogenesis of generalized periodontitis, there were examined 64 patients who were divided into the following groups: Group I – 12 healthy people (6 men and 6 women); Group ІІ – 40 patients with grade I generalized periodontitis (20 men and 20 women) and Group ІІІ – 12 patients with grade II-III generalized periodontitis (6 men and 6 women). On the cytological preparations of buccal epitheliocytes of the oral mucosa stained with aceto-orcein, 100 nucleus-containing epitheliocytes were examined with the help of microscope “Axioskop”, a company Zeizz, with a 1000×magnification. Cytomorphometric characteristics were studied: the perimeter and the cell surface area, the perimeter and the surface area of the nucleus, and the ratio of the surface area of the nucleus to the cell surface area.
In all the patients with generalized periodontitis, the perimeter and cell area and the perimeter and epithelial cell nuclei area (p<0.05 – p<0.001) as well as the nuclear-cytoplasmic correlation reduced significantly, especially in men, that could be regarded as compensatory changes at the cellular level. According to the parameters of cells of epitheliocytes, and especially their nuclei, in both healthy people and patients with generalized periodontitis, gender differences were identified, especially in Group ІІІ. Thus, it could be argued that the measurement of the perimeter and the area of cells of buccal epitheliocytes and their nuclei reflects the functional activity of the hereditary apparatus in the patients with generalized periodontitis
Physioprophylaxisin Physiotherapy with Emphasis on Physical Activity
Get PDFCurrently, physiotherapist's work is to provide health services to healthy and sick people. One of the types of these services is physioprophylaxis, i.e. prophylactic activity consisting in promotion of pro-health behaviours as well as development and maintenance of the fitness and endurance of people of all ages to prevent disability. The term 'physioprophylaxis', which has been familiar to physiotherapists only, has been known in Poland in the area of health culture for merely a few years. The authors of the study believe that there is a need to promote the knowledge about the role of physioprophylaxis in the area of health culture, education, science, and society. The role of physical activity in physioprophylaxis is emphasised as well.
It is evident that the legal regulations of the profession of physiotherapists are not reflected in appreciation of their comprehensive preventive and therapeutic competences in the health care system or in the general public awareness
Level of Osteotropic Elements in the Jaw Bones of Experimental Animals in Terms of the Impact of Xenobiotics
Get PDFPollution of the environment with heavy metals, pesticides, nitrates leads to an unceasing deterioration of the population’s health, in particular, the dental one. Excessive intake of salts of heavy metals and nitrites is accompanied by changes in calcium-phosphorus metabolism rates, indicating a disorder of metabolic processes in bone tissue. This necessitates the study of the level of osteotropic elements of the jaw bone tissue.
Materials and methods of research. In the experiment on 80 white outbred male rats, the effects of cadmium chloride, sodium nitrite and their combined action on the content of osteotropic elements in the jaw bone were studied. The control group consisted of 10 intact animals.
Results. It was determined that in the dynamics (1st, 14th, 28th days) of both cadmium-nitrite, nitrite and cadmium intoxication there was observed the accumulation of cadmium and decrease of calcium, copper, zinc levels in bone tissue of animal jaws compared to intact group.
Conclusions.The most significant changes in the level of osteotropic elements in the jaw bones are found in the combined effect of xenobiotics, which is important for understanding of the metabolic processes in the oral cavity
Prevalence of Chronic Venous Diseases in Students of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
Get PDFThe Objective of the Research was to increase the frequency of detecting chronic venous disorders in young people by surveing the students using a specially designed questionnaire with an analysis of its results for timely treatment.
Materials and Methods. To detect lower extremity chronic venous disorders, 1,007 students of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University were interviewed using questionnaire that was based on the VEIN-TERM, the Venous Clinical Severity Score, the Chronic Venous Insufficiency Quality of Life Questionnaire. In the surveyed people, there were estimated the following data: age; gender; objective symptoms of chronic venous disorders such as telangiectasia, reticular (spider) veins, varicose veins and leg swelling; 11 most common symptoms of chronic venous disorders; risk factors such as the presence of lower extremity varicose veins in parents, previous childbirth and frequent or rare use of high heels in females.
Results. In 617 (61.3%; 95 CI, 58.2 - 64.3%) respondents, phlebopathy was detected; 63 (6.3%, 95 CI 4.8 - 7.9%) students reported lower extremity telangiectasias; 11 (1.1%; 95 CI 0.5 - 1.9%) students reported reticular veins. Varicose veins were detected in 33 (3.3%; 95 CI 2.3 - 4.6%) cases. Among them, there were 14 (1.4%, 95 CI 0.8 - 2.3%) cases of leg swelling. Only two symptoms, namely calf cramps (p=0.01) and leg pain (p=0.04) turned out to occur significantly more frequent in the respondents with varicose veins. Varicose veins were more often found in the students whose fathers suffered from varicose veins as compared to those whose mothers had varicose veins – 12.1% (95% CI 5.4 - 22.5%) versus 4.2% (95% CI 2.1 - 7.5%), respectively (p=0.008). Among females without lower extremity varicose veins, 34.1% (95% CI 29.7 - 38.3%) of the respondents indicated wearing high heels (above 5 cm) which was approximately 3 times more often as compared to female respondents with varicose veins - 11.2% (95% CI 0.0 - 21.7%) of women (p=0.001).
Conclusions. 1. Leg pain and calf cramps can be considered as the most important subjective symptoms for early diagnosis of lower extremity varicose veins in young people. 2. The presence of lower extremity varicose veins in a father results in higher risk of detecting this pathology in the respondent than the presence of lower extremity varicose veins in a mother: 12.1% (95% CI 5.4-22.5%) versus 4.2% (95% CI 2.1 - 7.5%) (p = 0.008). 3. Early diagnostics of lower extremity varicose veins in young people with the aim of further adequate treatment to prevent their progression and the development of complications can be implemented by questioning students in different educational institutions
Study of Early Adhesion of Some Oral Microflora Representatives to Basic Materials of Removable Dentures
Get PDFAn increase in the number of removable denture constructions being produced leads to an increase in the number of complications, which, in turn, reduces the timing of the effective use of orthopedic structures. At present, the problem of treating prosthetic stomatitis and their prevention has not been resolved. Considering the current socio-economic situation, orthopedic treatment of the patients with removable dentures will be relevant for some more time.
Microbiological studies of the ability of basic materials to adhere different types of microorganisms onto their surfaces were performed. There were used 7 different types of resins manufactured according to different technologies.
Having performed a series of microbiological studies on the adhesive ability of basic materials, the following results were obtained. The control was glass, the average index of adhesion to which was 0.69±0.02. The greatest adhesive ability to various types of microorganisms was found in acrylic resins based on polymethyl methacrylate, namely auto-polymer resin Protacryl and resin Sinma. Accordingly, the smallest adhesive properties were seen in non-monomer resins, such as Polian, Nylon, Biocryl with adhesion indices of 0.75±0.04, 0.72±0.03, 0.78±0.03, respectively
Taxonomic Composition and Population Level of the Prosthetic Bed Mucosa Microbiota in Case of Dentition Defects in Patients Wearing Partial Dentures
Get PDFThe article considers the taxonomic composition and the population level of the oral cavity microbiota and changes in their characteristics after prosthetic rehabilitation with partial removable dentures. In the patients with partial loss of teeth wearing conventional removable dentures, the taxonomic composition of the gingiva microbiota changes due to the biotope contamination with opportunistic S. aureus and yeast-like fungi of the Candida genus, S. haemolyticus, K. pneumoniae, enterobacteria (E.coli, K.pneumoniae, E.cloacae), B.catarralis, M.lacunata and partial elimination of S. sialivarius, S.sanguis, S. mutans, S. mitis from the biota.
The objective of the research was to study changes in the gingiva in the examined patients.
Materials and Methods. Microbiological (bacteriological and mycotic) examination of gum mucus secretion in the patients with partial loss of teeth was performed. The control group consisted of 50 (23 men and 27 women) patients without any infectious and noncommunicable diseases, who had no problems adapting to removable denture during the last 6 months.
Results and Discussion. In 78.72% of the patients, microorganisms isolated and identified from the surface of the prosthetic bed, were in associations that consisted of 2 (31.70%), 3 (8.51%) and 4 (8.51 %) taxons. The most numerous associations consisting of 2 taxons were: S. aureus and M. lacunata; S. aureus and N. flavescens; S. haemolyticus and B.catarrhalis as well as C. albicans and S. epidermidis. In the biotope (the surface of the gum mucosa of the prosthetic bed) of the patients wearing partial removable laminar dentures, the population level reduced in S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mutans, S. mitis and significantly increased in opportunistic staphylococci (S. aureus, S. haemolyties, S. epidermidis), S. pyogenes, enterobacteria (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. clocacae), B.catarrhalis. Microorganisms S. aureus and C. albicans reached a high population level; it increased in S. haemoliticus, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes, E. coli, E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae as well.
Conclusions. In the patients with partial loss of teeth wearing conventional removable dentures, the taxonomic composition of the gingiva microbiota changed due to the contamination of the habitat with opportunistic S. aureus and yeast-like fungi of the Candida genus, S. haemolyticus, K. pneumoniae, enterobacteria (E .coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae), B. catarralis, M. lacunata and partial elimination of S. sialivarius, S.sanguis, S. mutans, S. mitis from the biota
Palm Oil Fractions Alter Acute Cadmium Mediated Haematotoxicity
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to contribute to the continual search for natural products that could mitigate alterations in haematological indices due to cadmium poisoning.
Materials and methods. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were mobilized and divided into six groups (A-F). Group A served as the control one which was neither exposed to cadmium nor treated with palm oil fraction. Group B was not treated with palm oil fractions but received a single dose of 20mgkg-1 body weight of cadmium chloride solution on the 29th day of the experiment, while Groups C-E received 5mlKg-1 bodyweight of crude palm oil, silica gel extract, bleached extract and unsaponifiable extract of palm oil respectively for 28 days before a single dose of 20mgKg-1 body weight of cadmium chloride on the 29th day. Blood samples were collected from four animals via cardiac puncture on the 29th, 30th and 31st day within intervals of 12h, 24h and 48h after cadmium administration. This was then analysed for haematological parameters using an automated haematological analyser. Data analysis was carried out using the one-way factor analysis of variance at a significant level of p<0.05.
Results. The impact of cadmium intoxication on haematological indices in rats was time-dependent and was mostly felt at the end of the 48-hour period indicating a significant decrease in the packed cell volume, haemoglobin and white blood cells values, while the increase due to cadmium was observed in mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume values; pre-treatment of palm oil fractions mitigated the noxious effects of cadmium significantly near control values.
Conclusions. Crude palm oil and its fractions have the ability to mobilize antioxidant defence potentials against cadmium damage to blood cells
Clinico-Pathogenetic Regularities of Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Restorative Treatment in Patients After Acute Coronary Syndrome at the Stages of Rehabilitation
Get PDFThe implementation and improvement of new treatment methods for patients with acute coronary syndrome poses new challenges in finding the newest methods of rehabilitation and restorative treatment. The effectiveness of such interventions depends on the integrated approach and patient’s involvement. Accepting the disease, the patient builds an idea about the disease and integrates the internal picture of the disease into a new internal picture of health. The ability to see illness only as part of health is a strategy of self-preservation and self-renewing behaviour.
Objective of the study. To evaluate the clinical-pathogenetic regularities of the effectiveness of the restorative treatment in patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at the stages of rehabilitation.
Materials and methods. There were 135 patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation were examined, who were divided into the groups depending on the used treatment tactics – conservative or invasive – PCI. Clinical-anamnestic indices, psychometric, subjective and objective data were analyzed. Along with the traditional treatment, there was used the rehabilitation of patients according to the author’s method, based on a multidisciplinary approach with optimization of the internal picture of health. The examinations were performed before the beginning of rehabilitation, after 1 week, 1 month and 6 months.
Results. The use of the program, along with the traditional treatment of patients, helped to improve the effectiveness of treatment by normalization of the major objective indices, reduction of the anxiety levels, and improvement of life quality. More pronounced dynamics was noted in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation with invasive treatment tactics.
Conclusions. Clinical-psychological rehabilitation of patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation can improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation and rehabilitation, regardless of treatment tactics, although the effect is somewhat higher in patients with invasive therapy tactics. This approach helps to improve the course of the disease. A multidisciplinary approach involving a cardiologist and a physical restorative and rehabilitation physician, a psychologist and a physiotherapist is important
Transanal Endorectal Pull-Through With or Without Laparoscopic Assistance
Get PDFHirschsprung’s disease requires surgical treatment. Depending on the form of aganglionosis and severity of pathology, open or minimally invasive, transanal endorectal pull-through with or without laparoscopic assistance may be used.
The objective of the research was to study the efficiency of using transanal endorectal pull-through with and without laparoscopic assistance for treating Hirschsprung’s disease in children. We compared outcomes between approaches.
Materials and Methods. Over the period 2011-2016, 145 children with Hirschsprung’s disease were surgically treated using transanal endorectal pull-through (n=81) and laparoscopic-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through (n=64). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were carried out.
Results. We noticed that transanal endorectal pull-through without laparoscopic assistance could be easily used in children under 4 years of age with aganglionosis including the sigmoid colon without significant colon dilatation considering a significant mesosigmoid mobility at such age. In other cases, we used laparoscopic-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through. The advantages of laparoscopic stage included the possibility for correct planning of surgical strategy, a thorough revision of the affected colon, determination of aganglionosis level, mobilization of the mesenterium, elimination of the adhesions and ligaments holding the colon, thereby avoiding tension in coloanal anastomosis, control and prevention of pull-through colon twisting which may cause an obstruction. In older patients, the proximal end of the rectum could be dissected laparoscopically. This allowed transanal endorectal pull-through to be performed quicker and safer. In the postoperative period, patients underwent rehabilitation with good functional results. Two children developed coloanal anastomotic dehiscence which was corrected by open stage treatment.
Conclusions. Age-related and anatomical features of the colon in the patients with Hirschsprung’s disease allowed performing transanal endorectal pull-through with or without laparoscopic assistance. Significant dilation of the colon, aganglionosis above the sigmoid area and the patient’s age over 4 years were indications for performing transanal endorectal pull-through with laparoscopic assistance. In other cases, transanal endorectal pull-through could be performed without laparoscopic assistance. The laparoscopic-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through procedure turned to be a safe and feasible technique for patients with Hirschsprung’s disease