Publishing House of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
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Waste of Research. Is There Any Solution? “Beginning from the Beginning” instead of “Beginning from the End”
Get PDFThere have always been challenges concerning tackling knowledge to practice. It is estimated that 85% of the investment in health research are wasted. Due to low quality, not all systematic review and meta-analysis are placed at the top of the hierarchy of evidence. Many individual clinical trials do not have the essential standards; therefore, conducting systematic reviews based on these low-quality individual studies is unreliable as they cannot be applied in healthcare decision-making and lead to resource waste. To overcome this great issue, several organizations have been worked hard to improve data extraction from only well-developed individual studies. However, it is not sufficient.
It is time to stop and look back all years behind. It is time to reconsider our efforts to make the best conclusion in order to prohibit the huge waste of energy, time, and resources. The old viewpoint “the Beginning from the End” must be replaced with the new one “the Beginning from the Beginning”. It means, we must do all struggles to conduct clinical trials in a standard high-quality format from the beginning as much as we could. Although, it does not seem easy, it might be possible by funding a high discipline, well-respected organization that is engaged in this critical issue. The supposed organization must define standards, flexible criteria for clinical trials, and all investigators must perform clinical trials under the supervision of this organization. Providing a considerable financial resource to grant the researches of the low- and middle-income countries to do clinical trials based on the designed protocol, considering an independent, high discipline journal for publishing well-conducted clinical trials regardless of their results, teaching researchers, considering another efficient policy to rank the journals rather than “impact factor” could help achieve this far-reach goal
Pathophysiologic Peculiarities of Different Factors’ Influence on Development and Course of IHD Complicated with Atrial Fibrillation
Get PDFOver the last years, mortality because of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increased significantly in Ukraine. If we speak about atrial fibrillation (AF) itself, the number of recurrent arrhythmias cases as the main cause of hospitalization of patients with AF increased at 66% over the last 20 years.
Independent development factors of AF are heart failure, aortic and mitral valve diseases, arterial hypertension, left atrial enlargement, and also obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, etc.
In 2013 A.A. Novykov from Kherson region and several other researchers proved the influence of chaotic changes of meteofactors in cases of overt or hidden functional cardiovascular disorders (CVD) that can significantly influence its hemodynamic stability, functional ability, particularly its rhythmic activity.
The main problem in the treatment of one or another nosological entity of CVD today is not the adjustment of a medication for its treatment, but the finding of pathogenetic links in the development of the disease itself. Especially this occurs, when the patient gets several organs or systems disabled simultaneously.
Several scientists and practicing physicians are interested in the development of new approaches to diagnosis and treatment of AF in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) considering the peculiarities of clinical course and comorbidity. After all, the finding of complications’ causes in comorbid pathology in patients with IHD will contribute to treatment optimization and prevention of other complications, especially those resulting from the anticoagulant therapy, for example when a functional liver state or metabolic processes are impaired
Disposition and Challenges of Alternative to Physical Classroom Teaching and Learning in a Pandemic; an Appraisal of Biochemistry Students COVID-19 Learning with WhatsApp
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to assess the disposition and challenges of students towards teaching and learning of biochemistry through WhatsApp.
Materials and Methods. The study was a cross-sectional survey which had 200 level (Second Year) and 400 level (Fourth Year) students of biochemistry as respondents. Data collection was done using a self-developed questionnaire administered through the WhatsApp group created for learning and collected through a designated e-mail address. Data analysis was carried out using the mean and standard deviation setting a mean score of 2.5 as a benchmark for accepting or rejecting statements made in the questionnaire.
Results. The study revealed that students had a level of openness to using online teaching resources for biochemistry; they do not believe that the use of WhatsApp for teaching and learning of biochemistry as a means of alternative to face to face classroom interaction will be effective in imparting the right knowledge in biochemistry. Several challenges identified are linked to not just money but is hinged around the curriculum structure of the biochemistry programme.
Conclusion. It is concluded that WhatsApp represents a potential means of instruction but may be hampered by challenges hinged on the curriculum structure of biochemistry
Improvement of Students’ Training Level in Higher Educational Institutions
Get PDFObjective: to determine the effective factors of impact on the internal motivation stimulation for students’ study
Yeast-Like Fungal Colonization of the Oral Cavity in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Get PDFThe frequency of yeast-like fungal colonization of the oral mucosa in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome constitutes 40.0 ± 1.63%. Fungi are detected on the mucous membrane of the tongue more often (36.7 ± 1.61%) than on the mucous membrane of the gums (23.3 ± 1.41%). The extent of tongue mucosa colonization is also higher in comparison with the gum colonization. The extent of Candida colonization of tongue mucosa is 2.5 times higher in women with Sjögren’s syndrome as compared to men.
The objective of the research was to study the level of candida colonization of various oral mucosa areas in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome.
26 fungal cultures were isolated from the examined patients. Candida albicans predominated among them constituting 14 strains (53.8±1.92%). C. albicans colonization of the oral mucosa was detected in 10 patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (30.0±1.53%). The extent of tongue mucosa colonization was 3.95±1.32 lg CFU/ml and the extent of gum colonization constituted 3.08±0.60 lg CFU/ml
Algorithm for Surgical Treatment of Children with Hirschsprung’s Disease
Get PDFHirschsprung’s disease requires surgical treatment. Depending on the form of aganglionosis and severity of pathology, open or minimally invasive, one-stage or multi-stage radical surgery may be used.
The objective of the research was to develop an algorithm for surgical treatment of children with Hirschsprung’s disease.
Materials and methods. The analysis of surgical treatment of 1,129 children with different forms of Hirschsprung’s disease aged from birth to 18 years over the period 1980-2018 was conducted. All the patients underwent both traditional and minimally invasive radical surgery.
Results and discussion. The patients were divided into three groups; each group was characterized by modernization of surgical methods, as well as intensification of diagnostics for early detection of such patients. Radical surgery without a protective colostomy was used in 773 (68.46%) cases, while in 356 (31.53%) cases, a protective colostomy was created. Due to the intensification of diagnostics that markedly contributed to early detection of patients with various forms of Hirschsprung’s disease, during each study period, there was observed a dramatic decrease in the number of stoma patients with a significant increase in the number of children diagnosed with Hirschsprung’s disease: from 68.54% (1980-1992) to 37.93% (1993-2010) and 12.00% (2011-2018).
Conclusions. Timely diagnostics contributes to early detection of children with different forms of Hirschsprung’s disease. In uncomplicated forms of Hirschsprung’s disease, it is reasonable to perform one-stage radical surgery, namely the resection of the aganglionic segment and the affected colon segment followed by colorectal anastomosis. In severe Hirschsprung’s disease, two-stage surgery should be used: creation of a protective colostomy (the first stage) and radical surgery (the second stage). In some cases, in colectomy, three-stage surgical approach is needed, namely the creation of a protective colostomy (the first stage), radical surgery (the second stage) and protective colostomy closure (the third stage)
Effect of Internet Addiction on Sleep Quality in University Students
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to investigate the effect of the internet addiction on sleep quality in university students.
Materials and Methods. The sample of the study consisted of the students who were studying in Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, 2017-2018 academic year (n=419). The study data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire-Short Form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Analysis of the data was performed using percentile, averages, and Pearson correlation analysis.
Results. The average age of the adolescents participated in the study was 20.54±1.92; 65.6% were female. Adolescents' Young İnternet Addiction Test total score average was 26.58±8.96 and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score average was 6.51±2.99. A positive and statistically significant (26.2%) correlation was found between the Young İnternet Addiction Test total score and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score of the adolescents.
Conclusions. Internet addiction disrupts sleep quality in university students and causes sleep disorders
Modern View on the Problem of Treating Minor Dentition Defects with the Use of Zirconium Oxide Ceramic Resin-Bonded Prostheses
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to substantiate the effective method of treating minor dentition defects in the lateral and frontal areas considering anatomic features, functionality and aesthetic appearance of the prosthesis.
Materials and methods. A new approach to the problem of treating minor dentition defects with the use of zirconium oxide ceramic resin-bonded prostheses was proposed. The method of its manufacturing was described and the indications to the application were clearly explained. The comparative analysis with similar prostheses was conducted and the advantages of the proposed prosthesis were proved. Ceramic resin-bonded prosthesis allowed us to restore the dentition integrity in the presence of small bounded edentulous spaces in the lateral region and to provide high aesthetic qualities and bio-inertness of the prosthesis with maximum approximation to the physiological characteristics of natural teeth.
Results. Thirty-eight patients with small bounded edentulous space in the lateral region were treated with the use of zirconium oxide resin-bonded prosthesis for 18 months. The obtained results of prosthetic treatment indicated that the proposed prosthesis provided an opportunity to restore the aesthetic appearance and integrity of the dentition, to prevent the occurrence of the deformations and to ensure the functionality of the dento-facial system.
Conclusions. The framework made of zirconium oxide allowed us to significantly reduce the depth of hard dental tissue preparation resulting in a great aesthetic appearance thereby providing an opportunity to significantly expand the indications for use. The remote results of treatment indicated the absence of marginal coloration at the margin of indirect restoration and hard dental tissues, namely the marginal ridge, ensuring good aesthetics and functional integrity of the restorative construction
Morphometric Characteristics and Features of Metachronous Breast Cancer
Get PDFAn important morphological criterion for the development of the degree of malignancy of breast cancer is the change in the structure of cell nuclei. At the same time, both the morphometric parameters of metachronous breast cancer and their connection with the molecular biological characteristics of these tumors are currently unknown.
The objective of the research was to identify metachronous malignant disease in the patients with breast cancer.
Materials and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of tumors in 63 patients with breast cancer, who developed uterine cancer or ovarian cancer within 5 years after diagnosis of breast cancer. All the patients received treatment at the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Oncology Center. The criterion for selecting patients in the study was the presence of gynecologic cancer after the treatment of breast cancer. The age of patients with breast cancer involved in the study ranged from 24 to 83 years, averaging 56.8±1.5 years.
Results and discussion. The maximum values of the perimeter, radius, and area of cell nuclei (19.21±0.7, 3.05±0.4 and 36.3±0.9, respectively) were observed in tumors of the patients with metachronous breast cancer. The improvement of the perimeter, radius, and area of tumor cell nuclei in the patients with metachronous breast cancer was associated with an increase in the size of the tumors and the presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes.
Conclusions. The morphometric sign of the high risk of developing metachronous breast cancer is the increase in the perimeter, radius, and cell nucleus area on the background of increased proliferative activity of low-grade cancer in the presence of large tumors and metastases in regional lymph nodes
Substantiation of Initial-I Stage of Generalized Periodontitis Complex Treatment Choice Among Medical University Students According to Indicators’ Dynamics Changes of Oral Cavity Prooxidant-antioxidant System
Get PDFAccording to the results of epidemiological studies, the spread of periodontal tissue diseases has tendency to increase, despite recent decades’ significant achievements in dentistry. Studies of periodontal tissue diseases pathogenesis have found that oxygen-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant activity are involved in the pathogenic mechanism of the disease. ROS are highly toxic and can induce lipid peroxidation (LPO). Researchers have shown increased levels of LPO with generalized periodontitis (GP). "Noofen" is one of the drugs that normalizes the processes of LPO and shows positive effect in GP treatment. That is why in advanced complex treatment of generalized periodontitis of initial-I stage, we’ve used this pill.
The objective of the study was to analyze the efficiency of nootropic medicine "Noofen" usage in suggested initial-I stage of generalized periodontitis treatment, taking into account the dynamics of oral fluid prooxidant and antioxidant indicators among students with high level of emotional sensitivity.
Materials and methods. A study of 2nd year students (174) of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University were questioned in order to determine the level of individual emotional states (anxiety, frustration, aggression and rigidity) according to the method of H. Eysenck. Of those who have experienced increased and high level of emotional sensitivity to various stressors and situations, we have selected 50 students with initial-I stage of generalized periodontitis. To determine the efficiency of treatment, two groups were formed: observation (group I) and comparison (group II). Each group consisted of 25 individuals who were treated and monitored dynamically during the year. The condition of oral cavity prooxidant system was determined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC). To study the state of the antioxidant protection system, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (G-ST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO) were determined. The advanced treatment, which included oral rinsing with "Octenisept" solution, dissolving of tablets "Lizak", intake of medicine "Noofen" and vitamin-microelement complex "Vita-Supradin Active".
Conclusions. The results of the performed treatment indicate that the use of advanced therapy of GP is significantly more effective, confirmed by prooxidant-antioxidant system parameters of oral fluid in the long term, compared with traditional treatment