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Primary Alveolar Hydatid Disease: A Rare Case Series with Review of Imaging Findings
Get PDFAlveolar hydatid disease is a rare but potentially fatal parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. To the best of our knowledge, only few cases have been reported from India till date. We present 6 cases of pathologically proven alveolar hydatid disease with review of imaging findings.
The objective of this case series was to share our experiences of pitfalls in diagnosis of alveolar hydatid disease.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in Post Graduate Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Our study was conducted between 6th January 2017 to 22nd May 2019. A total of 6 patients were taken up for study. The patients were evaluated clinically and investigated using the relevant imaging modalities. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination following core biopsy of lesion.
Results. There were two males and four females with most of patients in age group of 20 to 40 years. Imaging findings in our cases suggest that typical radiological appearance of alveolar hydatid disease can be summarized as an irregular hypoattenuating mass lesion having typical calcifications (can be peripheral, as well as central) with tiny cystic components
Assessment of Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Handgrip Strength in Hemodialysis Patients
Get PDFIn hemodialysis patients, the prevalence of malnutrition is high; a decrease in muscle strength is observed.
The objective of the research was to evaluate the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients and the relationship between the nutritional status and muscle strength.
Materials and Methods. Sixty hemodialysis patients (38 males, 22 females) were chosen from among volunteers. Food consumption, biochemical values, anthropometric measurements, body composition, physical activity status, subjective global assessment, and handgrip strength in individuals were examined.
Results. According to subjective global assessment, 73.3% of patients were well-nourished, 26.7% of patients were moderately malnourished. In male patients, a moderate positive correlation was determined between handgrip strength and lean body mass (r=0.359, p<0.05), albumin level (r=0.408, p<0.05), energy intake (r=0.437, p<0.05), protein intake (r=0.345, p<0.05). In female patients, a moderate positive correlation was determined between handgrip strength and body weight (r=0.470, p<0.05), body mass index (r=0.472, p<0.05), triceps skinfold thickness (r=0.530, p<0.05), mid-upper arm circumference (r=0.515, p<0.05), mid-upper arm muscle circumference (r=0.557, p<0.05), lean body mass (r=0.470, p<0.05), body fat content (%) (r=0.588, p<0.05), albumin level (r=0.565, p<0.05).
Conclusions. Handgrip strength alongside with more than one method of food consumption, biochemical parameters, subjective global assessment, anthropometric measurements, and body composition should be used for assessing the nutritional status in hemodialysis patients
The Effect of the Infectious Disease Nursing Course on Turkish Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards AIDS: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Get PDFThere is no available treatment or vaccine for HIV/AIDS, and health education has, therefore, become a top priority in the prevention of disease. It is of great importance to have sufficient information about HIV/AIDS and how to control infection. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the Infectious Disease Nursing course on nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS.
Materials and Methods. This quasi-experimental study was carried out between February 12 - May 28, 2019 and included 50 nursing students who were taking the Infectious Disease Nursing course for the first time and attended the pre-test and post-test. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the AIDS Knowledge and Attitude Scale. Descriptive statistics, the paired sample t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used in the evaluation of the data.
Results. Among the students who participated in the study, 94.0% of students were at the age of 18-21 years; 80.0% of students were females; 54.0% of students stated that they had adequate knowledge of AIDS; 78.0% of students stated that they did not want to provide care to individuals with HIV/AIDS. There was found a significant strong positive correlation between the mean pre- and post-education scores for the AIDS Knowledge and Attitude Scale (p<0.05, r=0.34; p<0.01, r=0.72). There was a significant, weak negative correlation between the mean post-education AIDS total Attitude mean score and the status of having contact with a patient with HIV/AIDS and wanting to provide care for a patient with HIV/AIDS (p<0.05, r=-0.31), and a significant weak positive correlation between the status of wanting to provide care for a patient with HIV/AIDS and seeing people with HIV/AIDS as a threat (p<0.01; r=-0.50).
Conclusions. All the students benefited from the information on AIDS and became informed due to attending the Infectious Diseases Nursing course and their attitudes towards AIDS improved
Case Report: False-Positive Dengue Non-Structural Protein 1 Antigen in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection
Get PDFAbstract: Early diagnosis of dengue fever and COVID-19 is made very easy due to technological advancements. The non-structural protein 1 antigen test strips are widely used in various regions; however, false-positive events have begun to be reported in the dengue-endemic areas with the COVID-19 pandemic, even though statistically non-structural protein 1 antigens are very specific to dengue infection. We reported a case of the false-positive non-structural protein 1 test in a patient with COVID-19 infection
Софія Парфанович – жінка-лікар, новаторка медичної просвіти в Україні: до актуальності питання
Get PDFAbstract: The article analyzes the main milestones of the prominent Ukrainian doctor, public figure, writer of the early to mid-twentieth century Sofia Parfanovych. There are three main aspects of her historical heritage: scientific, educational and literary. New variants of topics of lectures and seminars for studying the history of Ukrainian medicine of the beginning of the XX century in the course of disciplines “History of medicine” and “Development of medical knowledge” are offered.В статті аналізуються основні віхи діяльності видатної української лікарки, громадської діячки, письменниці початку-середини ХХ століття Софії Парфанович. Виокремлено три основні аспекти її історичної спадщини: науковий, просвітницько-педагогічний та літературний. Запропоновано нові варіанти тематики лекційних та семінарських занять до вивчення історії української медицини початку ХХ століття в курсі дисциплін «Історія медицини» та «Розвиток медичних знань»
Menstrual Disorders and Main Indicators of Hormonal and Metabolic Homeostasis in Teenage Girls Against the Background of Endemic Goiter
Get PDFAlong with the widespread prevalence of goiter endemics, the medical and social significance of this problem is determined by the multifaceted spectrum of pathological abnormalities associated with asymptomatic course or hypothyroxinemia, causing numerous disorders at almost all stages of menstrual and reproductive function development.
The objective of the research was to substantiate and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence, structure and leading factors of dishormonal disorders of menstrual function in adolescent girls with diffuse endemic goiter, and to develop a diagnostic algorithm based on the risk of the formation of this pathology.
Materials and Methods. Two study groups were formed and a clinical laboratory examination was performed in 210 patients: 120 of them were diagnosed with menstrual dysfunction against the background of thyroid dysfunction (the main group); 60 girls were diagnosed with menstrual dysfunction and healthy thyroid gland (the comparison group); 30 apparently healthy girls made up the control group. Experimental and psychological methods, hormonal investigation of the level of thyroid, gonadotropic and steroid hormones, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and vitamin D content in blood plasma were used.
Results and Discussion. Hypomenstrual syndrome, secondary amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, manifestations of premenstrual syndrome and anovulatory conditions are the main menstrual disorders in adolescents suffering from endemic goiter. One third of the girls in the main group had an increase in the proportion of delayed sexual development, while in the control group, physiological rates of sexual development occurred in 96.7% of observations. The presented hormonal studies made it possible to identify differentiated changes taking into account different clinical forms of menstrual disorders in this category of patients. The transition to the “mature” type of reproductive system functioning in girls with endemic goiter is associated with changes in prolactin secretion from low levels to the indicators that exceed the reference values, which is characterized by increased functional hyperprolactinemia. Generalization of the frequencies of the main psycho-emotional characteristics and indicators of the personal profile in the girls of the studied cohort allowed revealing the constant dominance of psycho-emotional manifestations of moderate degree, as well as high levels of psycho-emotional stress and depressive disorders against the background of dishormonal disorders and thyroid gland dysfunction. Obtained deviations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level were noticed at the initial stages of thyroid disorder, and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels contributed to the manifestation of thyroid pathology.
Conclusions. Dissociation of the thyroid system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis initiates menstrual disorders, development of functional cysts and multifollicular structure of the ovarian tissue, and, in case of hypothyroidism, is considered as a factor of metabolic disorders and polycystic ovary syndrome
Dynamics of Indicators of Psychoemotional Condition in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis and Atherosclerosis on the Background of Intestinal Dysbiosis Correction
Get PDFThe article describes and analyzes the psycho-emotional state indicators in patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and atherosclerosis against the complex therapy background with the use of probiotics and melatonin. All patients were performed clinical-laboratory studies: lipid profile study (determination of total blood plasma cholesterol (LC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), atherogenicity coefficient (CA)); feces research on dysbiosis. The alcoholic etiology of chronic pancreatitis was determined based on anamnestic data and using the AUDIT screening test. The dynamics of psycho-emotional disorders were studied using the HADS questionnaire and the “Emotional Condition Screening” technique. The emotional state screening was used to evaluate the subjects’ emotional state to identify critically (subclinical and pathological) abnormalities such as hypomania, somatoform, depressive, anxiety states and the tendency to abuse psychoactive substances. The intestinal dysbiosis degree was evaluated according to the classification of Kuvaeva IB, Ladodo KS. (1991).
The improvement in the colon microflora was observed in all patients who received Mucofalk and melatonin additionally to the complex treatment of chronic pancreatitis and atherosclerosis. Decrease in the subclinical and clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression according to the HADS questionnaire in these patients (subclinical and clinical manifestations of anxiety from 72.1% to 38.7%; subclinical and clinical manifestations of depression from 65.9% to 36.3 %) was observed after the treatment. According to the Emotional Condition Screening technique, there was a decrease in the level of pre-clinical and clinical emotional state disorders (hypomania and somatoform disorders; depressive and anxiety states; tendency to abuse psychoactive substances). At the same time, there was an increase in the frequency of emotional state critical indicators on the background of a decrease in the emotional disorders’ frequency in general, which we also regarded as some positive dynamics in such patients
State of Comorbidity in Patients with Hypertension under Conditions of Industrial Production
Get PDFComorbid conditions in patients with hypertension on the background of occupational hazards create additional problems in the treatment of hypertension. An analysis of working conditions in 76 workers of the Ivano-Frankivsk armature factory who underwent regular medical check-ups regarding first-/second-degree hypertension (the main group) showed that they were exposed to occupational hazards of chemical (acrolein carbon, iron oxide, chromium, fluorine compounds, sulfuric acid) and physical (high temperature, noise, vibration, electromagnetic radiation, dust) nature for a long period of time (from 4 to 11 years). Comorbid conditions were most often observed among the patients of the main group as compared to the patients of the control group (n = 17), who were not exposed to occupational hazards - 82.06% and 73.34% of cases, respectively. In the patients of the main group, chronic bronchitis was detected in 26.56% of cases and coronary artery disease was diagnosed in 25.09% of cases as compared to 8.33% and 18.34% of cases in the control group. At the same time, 38.89% of hypertensive patients of the main group were diagnosed with chronic bronchitis and concomitant coronary artery disease, which were not observed in the patients of the control group. The patients of the main group were more likely to have dyslipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, aortic fibrosis, hypertensive retinopathy as compared to the patients of the control group. In the control group, patients with overweight and type 2 diabetes mellitus prevailed. Quality of life assessment using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey among the patients of the main group revealed a significant decrease in the indicators of physical and vital activity, fulfillment of daily professional duties. In the control group, a worsening emotional state prevailed
Analysis of Commission Forensic-medical Examinations performed in Cases Concerning the Responsibility of Surgical Professional Doctors
Get PDFThe objective of the research was the analysis of the structure of the commission of forensic medical examinations concerning professional offenses of medical professionals of the surgical profile according to the data of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise for the period 2015-2019.
Materials and methods. The material of the study were the annual reports of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise (Commission Department) and criminal case materials. Obtained data were processed using Microsoft Exel, Statistica 6.0.
Results. It was found that forensic medical examinations in case of improper performance of professional duties by medical workers accounted for a relatively small part 71 (14.3%) of the total forensic medical expertise. After the performed analysis, it was found that the doctors made diagnostic, therapeutic, organizational-tactical, deontological and combined errors that had a direct (29%) or indirect (26%) connection with the onset of death or adverse effects on the patient’s health. In 45% of cases, there was no correlation between the doctor’s actions and the occurrence of adverse effects for the patient.
Conclusions. The number of cases for improper performance of professional duties by medical workers is significantly higher in surgeons and obstetricians-gynecologists than in doctors of therapeutic profile. Every year, the complexity of commission forensic medical examinations in case of improper performance of professional duties by medical workers increases. This is due to the increasing complexity of surgical interventions and instrumental examination methods, as well as the increasing legal literacy of the population
Primary aggressive chondroblastoma of the tibia: a case report and review of the literature
Get PDFChondroblastoma is a primary bone tumor in children, adolescents and young adults, which accounts for 1% of all bone tumors. Epiphyseal or epiphysometaphyseal localization, this lesion usually develops from secondary ossification centers close to the knee, shoulder and hip. Although chondroblastoma is a nonaggressive benign tumor, it can very rarely show a locally aggressive character or a malignant transformation or even metastases. We describe a histologically proven case of an aggressive, primary chondroblastoma of the tibia invading soft tissue in a 22-year-old girl