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The impact of sterile chronic inflammation on bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis
No full textAntigen presentation plays a critical role in activating the adaptive immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) are traditionally recognized as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), proficient in acquiring and processing antigens for presentation via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII). However, increasing evidence suggests that other cell types, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), can also function as non-professional APCs, particularly under inflammatory conditions. HSCs are crucial for the continuous production of blood cells throughout life, residing primarily in the bone marrow (BM) and maintaining haematopoiesis. Under stress conditions such as acute or chronic inflammation, cancers, or other pathological states, HSCs can migrate to extramedullary sites, such as the spleen and liver, where they perform extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). While much is known about BM-resident HSCs, far less is understood about the behaviour and function of HSCs found outside of the BM. In this thesis, we investigated the effects of chronic inflammation on EMH HSCs using a mouse model of chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (CMO). Our analyses revealed that EMH HSCs exhibit an upregulation of MHCII, MHCII-related genes, and immunoregulatory..
The impact of excise tax on the demand for alcohol
No full textThis thesis investigates the impact of the excise tax on the demand for alcohol in the Czech Republic. Using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) and the 2016 Household Budget Survey data, we estimated the expenditure, own-price, and cross-price elasticities for beer, wine, and spirits. Censoring in alcohol consumption is addressed by incorporating the Inverse Mills Ratio. We used the obtained elasticities to simulate the e!ect of the excise tax increases in 2020, 2024, and 2025 on alcohol consumption and tax revenue. Based on our simulations, total excise tax revenues are projected to increase by 5.75, 10.33, and 15 percent following the tax changes in 2020, 2024, and 2025 compared to 2016. The findings also highlight di!erences in consumer responses across beverage types and provide a basis for assessing the e!ectiveness of excise taxes in shaping alcohol consumption. JEL Classification D11, D12, H20, H21, H31 Keywords Excise Tax, QUAIDS, Demand, Alcohol, Elas- ticity Title The impact of excise tax on the demand for al- cohol Author's e-mail [email protected] Supervisor's e-mail [email protected]
MR relaxometry methods for measurement in an inhomogeneous radiofrequency field
No full textTato práce se zabývá implementací algoritmu pro analýzu dat pro kvantitativní relaxometrii magnetické rezonance v nehomogenním radiofrekvenčním poli. Magnetická rezonance (MR) je neinvazivní zobrazovací technika využívající magnetických vlastností atomových jader. Motivací pro využívání relaxačních parametrů tkání je nezávislost na MR skenerech či jednotlivých pacientech. V práci jsou popsány nezbytné teoretické základy MR mechanizmů a vzniku kontrastu v obrazech. S jejich využitím je navržen algoritmus v jazyce Python pro fitování relaxačních parametrů vzorku. Pro výpočet směrodatné odchylky fitovaných parametrů je použit lokálně linearizovaný model a dolní meze podle teorie Cramér-Rao
Perception of maps by Grade 9 pupils
No full textThis bachelor's thesis focuses on the perception of maps among ninth-grade students in lower- secondary schools and investigates how they define the map, which visual representations they consider to be maps, and what features lead them to these classifications. The study loosely follows on Benešová's diploma thesis (2023), which examined sixth-grade students, and employs a similar methodology to enable comparison across age groups. The theoretical part presents the evolution of map definitions from traditional cartographic definitions to contemporary approaches influenced by digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). The empirical research is based on semi-structured interviews with twenty students from three schools. Participants were asked to define what a map means to them and to evaluate sixteen visual samples, including unconventional formats such as a mind map and an AI-generated thematic map. The findings suggest that students' perception of maps is mainly influenced by their experiences, knowledge of cartographic elements, and the visualization form of the representation. The thesis recommends working more with non-traditional maps in geography education and to develop visual literacy. Key words: map, map definition, perception, lower-secondary educatio
Characterization of liposomes loaded with silver nanoparticles
No full textCharles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical technology Mentor: Mgr. Monika Smékalová, Ph.D. Student: Soňa Eškutová Title of thesis: Characterization of liposomes with silver nanoparticles Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are increasingly utilised in the world of medicine due to their antimicrobial properties. Liposomes are primarily used to enhance the solubility of lipophilic drugs and for drug delivery systems. The aim of this thesis was to synthesize a nanoparticle system of AgNP encapsulated in liposomes (LipoAgNP). The LipoAgNP were characterised in terms of size, PDI and ζ-potential and were compared with AgNP and liposomes. Influence of temperature and pH on LipoAgNP was also investigated. The stability of stored liposomal system is highly influenced by temperature. The greatest level of unstability of stored liposomes and LipoAgNP was shown at the highest temperature (50 řC), in which fluctuations were observed in size, PDI, and ζ-potential. Storing liposomal system in high temperatures could result in degradation of the lipososmal membrane. Storing liposomes and LipoAgNP at 25 řC exhibits stability in the short term. Storing liposomes and LipoAgNP at a temperature of 4 řC showed the best results. The envirometal pH greatly affects the stability of..
Evolution, anatomy and distribution of mosasaurs (Mosasauridae)
No full textThe topic of this bachelor's thesis is the Mosasauridae, extinct marine reptiles that were apex predators in marine ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous. Their evolution and sudden extinction are closely linked to events at the end of the Mesozoic Era, specifically the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous (K-Pg event). The thesis focuses on an overview of the history of fossil discoveries, the morphological characteristics of these animals, and their adaptations to life in the marine environment. The Mosasauridae family is divided into three main clades - Halisaurinae, Russelosaurina, and Mosasaurinae, each of which is briefly characterized. The thesis also includes an overview of their cosmopolitan geographic distribution and basic knowledge about their ecology and trophic strategies. Key words: mosasaur, Cretaceous, marine reptiles, history, morphology, ecolog
The prevention of cervical cancer in selected groups of women
No full textName and surname of the author: Natálie Műllerová Institution: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department od Non-mediacal Studies Title: The prevention of cervical cancer in selected groups of women Supervisor: Mgr. Jana Matulová Number of pages: 91 Year of defense: 2025 Keywords: cervical caner, prevention, HPV virus, precancer The bachelor's thesis focuses on the prevention of cervical cancer among selected groups of women aged 20 to 30. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the anatomy of the female reproductive organs, risk factors for cervical cancer, the human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical precancerous lesions, cervical cancer itself, and methods of cervical cancer prevention. The empirical part examines the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention among women from the Czech Republic and Slovakia aged 20 to 30, using a non-standardized questionnaire
The Role of Prague Guild Masters in the Early Modern Society
No full text(in English): The subject of this dissertation are the Prague guild masters and their position in early mo- dern urban society. The described issues are observed in the period between 1547 and 1784 in the area of those Prague towns, where guilds were operating in this period, namely Old Town, New Town, Lesser Town and after 1734 Hradčany, as well. In the first introductory chapter, the basic research questions are formulated, an overview of the current state of research is provided, and the individual types of sources are presented in detail, along with the applied scientific methods. The main body of the thesis is divided into three chapters. In the second chapter is attention devoted to the development of the position of Prague guild masters during the observed period, specifically examining how the process of their appointment evolved in the early modern era and what rights and obligations held guild masters both within the guild and beyond it. This is followed by an analysis of their influence on the political life of the Prague towns and their participation in the municipal administration. The fourth chapter presents the differrent life strategies of individuals who held the position of guild master, using five selected examples. The dissertation includes one appendix, which consists of lists..
Childbirth planning in the context of working conditions
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate how different forms of work influence parenting decisions. In particular, it focuses on flexible working hours and job stability as key factors that may influence childbearing planning. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part is devoted to the theoretical background and describes the different types of working hours, length of working hours and forms of employment. It then discusses general factors affecting fertility and the interconnection between work and family life. Attention is also paid to the broader links between the labour market and demographic developments. The second part of the paper focuses on the empirical analysis of the relationship between working conditions and childbirth planning. The main method of analysis is binary logistic regression, where the dependent variable is whether or not the respondents plan to have a child. The key variables include flexibility of working hours and job stability, and the analysis controls for selected socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, standard of living or number of children already born. The analysis is carried out separately for respondents without children and those who are already parents, which allows to identify differences in the approach to family planning between the two..
Determination of curcuminoids and piperine in food supplements by sequential injection chromatography
No full textCharles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Ondřej Vaněk Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Petr Chocholouš, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Determination of curcuminoids and piperine in dietary supplements using sequential injection chromatography In this thesis, a method for sequential injection chromatography with UV-VIS detection for the separation of curcuminoids was developed and validated. However, it was not possible to create a method that would separate all curcuminoids as well as piperine. Nonetheless, using this method, it was possible to separate samples where only curcumin and piperine were present. This SIC method was subsequently used to determine the content of the examined substances in five selected dietary supplements. The measurement results were then compared with the declared extract content in the given dietary supplements. The developed method successfully quantified the content of piperine only in one product, while the curcuminoid content was determined in all tested dietary supplements. Furthermore, the process of data editing and evaluation in Microsoft Excel was simplified and partially automated. For the analysis, the Ascentis Express 90 Å AQ-C18 column (50 × 4,6 mm, 2,7 μm) and the Merck Chromolith C18 pre-column (5 ×..