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Multilingual multidomain generation of school tests that are hard to solve automatically
No full textEffective use of reader's diaries in the 2nd grade of elementary school
No full textThis diploma thesis deals with the effective use of reading diaries in teaching the Czech language at the second level of primary school. The theoretical part focuses on the goals of primary education in the context of literary education, the definition of the concept of reading literacy and analyses its level among Czech pupils. It also addresses the importance of compulsory and extracurricular reading and describes appropriate didactic methods supporting the development of reading literacy. The practical part analyses a comparison of approaches to the use of reading diaries during two consecutive school years. The intention was to identify the benefit of the chosen methods in working with reading diaries on reading skills. The research was focused on analysing the shift in the quality of reading records between the first and second semesters. The aim was also to create a proposal for a structured syllabus for effective work with reading diaries, which can be used as a support tool for teachers, and to suggest options for its expansion or modification. For the purposes of this research, a structured syllabus was created and provided to pupils as a basis for creating reading records. The research included interviews with Czech language teachers who taught the classes in the previous school year...
Demosaicing algorithms applied to early color photography
No full textThis thesis explains the process of demosaicing and its possible application to early color photography. We analyze four different demosaicing algorithms and their proper- ties, specifically bilinear interpolation, bicubic interpolation, Hamilton-Adams method and AMaZE algorithm. We show how these algorithms can be adapted for early color photographs captured using the Paget color screen and compare their performance on a scan of photograph captured using the Paget process
Called Mariage
No full textThis bachelor's thesis focuses on the application of the minimax algorithm in the card game called mariage, placing particular emphasis on optimizing the talon draw phase. work includes a practical implementation of the minimax algorithm, which serves as the core decision-making mechanism to simulate rational player behavior. To provide an easier difficulty level, a neural network was also implemented. This approach makes it possible to offer various levels of difficulty, depending on the type of algorithm used. The thesis describes the theoretical foundations of the minimax algorithm and its adaptations to meet the specific requirements of mariage. Furthermore, it thoroughly analyzes the talon draw phase, which is crucial for game strategy, and provides a detailed description of its implementation
Spatial distribution and ecological interactions among lineages of the Gammarus fossarum species complex in Central Europe
No full text3 Abstract Freshwater amphipods are prone to genetic diversification due to the absence of dormant or migratory stages in their life cycle. It is therefore unsurprising that high levels of cryptic diversity have recently been discovered in many taxa within this group. This includes even the widespread morphospecies Gammarus fossarum, the model organism of this thesis, which comprises dozens of mitochondrial lineages across Europe, many of Miocene origin. Genetic diversity within this complex is particularly high in the Carpathians. This thesis focuses on the westernmost part of this mountain range, where several highly distinct lineages overlap in distribution. Its aim was to evaluate the spatial distribution of these lineages at regional, local, and microhabitat scales and to investigate potential ecological differentiation between them. We hypothesized that local G. fossarum "lineages" are in fact reproductively isolated biological species with at least some extent of local co-occurrence, and we anticipated some degree of niche differentiation in syntopy, such as shifts in habitat preferences and trophic ecology. A regional-scale survey in the Vsetín region, Czechia, confirmed frequent syntopy of focal lineages at nearly half of the sampled sites. Lineage distribution could be partly explained by..
Threat for the montane Epilobium species by hybridization
No full textWillowherbs of the genus Epilobium are well known for their propensity for interspecific hybridization, a process that can drive evolutionary innovation or speciation, but also threatens rare and endangered taxa, particularly when hybridization involves invasive or widespread species. Several native European Epilobium species, including rare montane taxa (E. alsinifolium, E. anagallidifolium and E. nutans), hybridize in this way with the invasive North American glandular willowherb (E. adenocaulon), which was introduced to the Czech Republic in the early 20th century. However, the extent of this hybridization has remained largely unknown. To address this, we used population screening, nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (matK, trnL-F) DNA sequencing, and flow cytometry. Our results confirm that E. adenocaulon forms hybrids with some of the rare native montane species, although its spread into their habitats remains limited. This is likely due to the fact that while E. adenocaulon usually spreads along roads and other anthropogenically disturbed sites, the habitats of montane willowherbs are usually small and isolated. Nevertheless, ongoing habitat disturbance facilitates contact and hybridization among previously separated species. Furthermore, rare montane willowherbs also hybridize with one another and..
Sample fabrication and studies of magnetic properties of LiCoPO4 single crystals
No full textThe complex spin structures are currently being intensively investigated for their application potential. Such structures include multiferroicity or a newly discovered form of magnetism - altermagnetism. One of the materials with such structure is LiCoPO4, which exhibits simultaneous ferroelectricity and magnetic ordering, making it a potential altermagnet. In this work, we will focus on studying single crystals provided by a colleague from the Leibniz Institute in Dresden. The main motivation is to investigate the spin and structural properties to determine whether altermagnetism is possible in the material from a symmetry perspective. During the detailed characterization of LiCoPO4, we came to the conclusion that the material in its current quality is not sufficient for the preparation of spintronic devices and we chose Ba2CoGe2O7 as a more suitable material. We focused on preparing samples of this material in a way, so that they have suitable size, orientation and surface quality. Finally, we prepared the spintronic devices and used them to measure spin Hall magnetoresistance. The conclusions of the work bring the potential for a more detailed examination of LiCoPO4 and another large group of similar materials in terms of their altermagnetic properties in the future.
A Phenomenological Analysis of Overcoming Addiction Without Professional Help: Motivation, Key Moments of Change, and Challenges of Abstinence
No full textThis bachelor's thesis focuses on the phenomenon of overcoming addiction to psychoactive substances without professional help. The aim of the thesis is to understand the experiences of individuals who have subjectively identified an addiction problem in the past and decided to stop using addictive substances outside the framework of formal treatment. The thesis explores their motivations, key moments of change, strategies and resources they employed in the process of change, and their experience of abstinence. The theoretical part introduces the concept of natural recovery, substance use and selected perspectives on addiction. It also presents the COM-B model, PRIME theory, the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM), the concept of recovery capital, and finally addresses the issue of identity in the context of recovery. The research is qualitative in nature and was conducted through semi-structured interviews with seven participants, recruited using the snowball sampling method and self-selection via an online questionnaire. The results show that natural recovery is possible and represents a complex, multilayered process. Key elements in this process include shifts in internal motivation, changes in the relationship to self and others, the discovery of new interests, and the reconstruction of..
Operando study of surface chemistry in the detection of ethanol by a gas sensor based on 1D nanostructured metal oxides.
No full textThis thesis is structured around the study of surface chemistry on specially manufactured one- dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, specifically nanorods and nanowires of WO3 and ZnO. The prepared chemiresistors were tested for their ability to detect ethanol and the influence of noble metal doping (Pt and Au) on their sensor properties was studied. The main method of study was near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS), supplemented by resistance measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological examination. NAP-XPS enabled study of chemical processes happening on the surface of the sensor in real time, while in conditions similar to real world working conditions (e.g. operando conditions). Through this approach, complex information regarding the presence of adsorbents and chemical state of the surface layer at 300 řC and pressure approaching atmospheric were obtained. It was experimentally confirmed that the decoration of WO3 nanowires by Pt improved its ethanol sensing capability greatly. Counter-intuitively, Au decoration caused the sensor to not react in any way to ethanol. Regarding ZnO, pure ZnO nanowires performed excellently as ethanol sensors, performance which deteriorated markedly by doping with either Pt or Au. Through spectral data, the influence of oxygen..
Can Granular Social Media Emotions Help Identify Herd Behavior? First Empirical Evidence from U.S. Equities
No full textThis thesis investigates whether granular emotions derived from social media posts help explain investor herding behavior in U.S. large-cap equities. Us- ing daily emotion indices constructed from StockTwits messages (2015-2025), based on Plutchik's taxonomy plus a neutral category, we augment traditional cross-sectional absolute deviation herding regressions. The results show that in- creased emotional intensity, irrespective of positive or negative polarity, is con- sistently associated with greater return dispersion. However, specic emotions exhibit distinct eects during extreme market conditions: trust and sadness signicantly amplify herding during severe market downturns, while trust and anger promote investor disagreement and anti-herding during extreme rallies. These ndings provide novel insights into the nuanced psychological drivers behind investor herding, highlighting the importance of distinguishing discrete emotions beyond aggregate sentiment in behavioral nance. JEL Classification G1, G02, G14, G15, G40, G41, C55, C58 Keywords Herd behavior, CSAD, natural language pro- cessing, investor emotions, social media, behav- ioral nance Title Can Granular Social Media Emotions Help Iden- tify Herd Behavior? First Empirical Evidence from U.S. Equities Author's e-mail [email protected]..