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Latitudinal variability of an ideal tree according to the metabolic theory
No full textBased on relevant allometric models can we predict a height of a tree or standing leaf biomass of the tree from a diameter of the tree? How does environment surrounding the tree influence such relationships? Does an "ideal tree" exist? I have been exploring these and also other questions using 75 Betula spp. trees on 25 sites of a latitudinal gradient (mostly in Sweden). There is a lot of studies trying to adress similar questions by working in a framework of metabolic theory of ecology. Considering diameter-height relationship scaling models predict a scaling coefficient (slope of a regression line on log-log scale) β = 2/3, others β = 2 to 3. For diameter-standing leaf biomass relationship I found in literature β = 2. I have tested whether these models are valid even in their relationship to the tree environment. I have not confirmed the theoretical values of scaling coefficients. I have shown that the diameter-height relationship is more sensitive to environmental impact than the diameter-standing leaf biomass relationship. And I found that apparently the scaling coefficient is dependent on the height of measuring of the tree diameter. My study emphasises the variability of tree allometry and offers a direction for future research. Keywords trees, metabolic theory of biodiversity, scalin
Identification of typical features of machine translation
No full textModern machine translation (MT) systems have advanced to the point where their outputs are often indistinguishable from human translations. Despite this, it is possible to train classifiers that can differentiate between human and machine- generated translations. In this work I focus on developing a classifier based on the pre-trained multilingual language model XLM-R to distinguish between human and machine translations, benchmarking its performance against a baseline classi- fier. Training data for this work were sourced from the WMT conference datasets from 2020 to 2022. To interpret the trained classifier, I apply an axiomatic at- tribution method. I annotate words in test sentences with linguistic features - such as Universal Part of Speech (UPOS) tags, grammatical case, and syntactic dependency relations - and analyze correlations between word-level attribution scores and these linguistic features.
Analysis of the Second Hand Car market in the Czech Republic with focus on EVs
No full textThis thesis examines the second-hand car market in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on electric vehicles (EVs) and compares their pricing to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Using data collected from the largest used car seller in the Czech Republic, the thesis explores the price formation of used vehicles from 2019 or newer and how individual characteristics influence it. By estimating log-level models utilizing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), age, mileage, power, and brand emerged as the most influential predictors overall. Interestingly, EVs exhibited a significantly lower impact of power on price, while mileage was found to have the smallest effect on EVs and hybrids. EVs were also found to depreciate the fastest, not accounting for mileage, but despite that, after calculating the total cost of ownership (TCO), EVs were identified as the least expensive fuel type to operate at the Czech average annual mileage, in both 5-year and 8- year spans, when charged at home
Molecular and Immunohistochemical Investigation of Oncogenetic Drivers in Salivary Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
No full textAbstraktní Diagnostické a prognostické problémy vznikající při klasifikaci slinného mukoepidermoidního karcinomu (MEC) jsou zmateny jeho morfologickou heterogenitou s mnoha detekovanými různými vzory, ačkoli kanonická molekulární fúze CRTC1/3::MAML2 je relativně dobře zavedená. Přesto drobné fúze a molekulární události včetně přeuspořádání KMT2A, mutací HRAS a souběžných genetických událostí posouvají znalosti o onkogenních ovladačích. S přihlédnutím k této složitosti histologické třídění MEC na varianty nízkého, středního a vysokého stupně předpokládá přítomnost klasických architektonických vzorů s dobře hodnocenými epidermoidními, mukózními a středními buňkami. Vzhledem k tomu, že MEC není častý pouze jako primární nádor slinných žláz, ale je také nejčastějším metachronním nádorem slinných žláz vznikajícím sekundárně k neslinné primární malignitě, byla do této studie zahrnuta také data o metachronní MEC. Metodické přístupy zahrnovaly základní imunohistochemii, pokročilé molekulární profilování včetně fluorescenční in situ hybridizace (FISH), sekvenování nové generace, PCR a test celého transkriptomu. Začleněno bylo také výpočetní zpracování open-source dat z genové ontologie. Přeuspořádání KMT2A, zejména v pediatrických případech, demonstrují jedinečnou podskupinu MEC s výraznými molekulárními podpisy,..
Vocabulary of preschool children with hearing impairment and children with developmental language disorder
No full textThis diploma thesis deals with the topic of vocabularyin preschool children.The subject of the empirical part is preschool children with hearing impairment and childrenwith developmental language disorders and their active and passive vocabulary. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis presents and explains the concepts of vocabulary, developmental language disorder, hearing impairment and hearing. Within these chapters, topics relatedto the development of vocabulary in childrenand the possibilities of its diagnosis are discussed. Furthermore,the theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the descriptionof the etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and, last but not least, the therapy of developmental language disorders. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to hearing, etiology and classificationof hearing impairment and the possibilities of screening and compensatory aids. In the empirical part, the active and passive vocabulary of preschool children with hearing impairment and children with developmental language disorders is analyzed through a qualitative investigation. The results of both groups are compared in the empirical part and available materials are presented, suitable for the therapeutic process with regard to the development of vocabulary not only in these children...
Renovation of the Italian Court in the context of conservation at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
No full textTheory and numerical solution of traffic models
No full textIn this thesis, we describe a numerical technique for the solution of macroscopic traf- fic flow models on networks. On individual roads, we consider the standard Lighthill- Whitham-Richards model which is discretized using the discontinuous Galerkin method. In order to solve traffic flows on networks, we construct suitable numerical fluxes at junc- tions based on preferences of the drivers. The focus of the thesis is the construction of three new numerical fluxes at junctions, which are based on the Godunov numerical flux, and one of them takes into account the right of way at junctions. These fluxes are easily constructible for any number of incoming and outgoing roads. We analyze basic proper- ties of the constructed numerical fluxes and the resulting scheme, namely conservativity and the traffic distribution property. Next, we analyze the stability properties of the resulting numerical scheme in the L2 norm. The resulting estimates allow for a growth of the square of the L2 norm of the numerical solution that is linear in time. Moreover, we show that under certain assumptions on the parameters of the junction the discrete solution satisfies an entropy inequality in the sense that the square entropy is monotoni- cally non-increasing in time. Finally, we show that the explicit Euler or SSP DG scheme with..
Functional equivalence in the film adaptation of Annie Proulx's Brokeback Mountain
No full textThe aim of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the film adaptation of Annie Proulx's short story Brokeback Mountain, directed by Ang Lee and written by Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana in 2005. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part outlines key approaches to film adaptations, including contrasting views on fidelity and the value of adaptations as independent works of art. It draws on the theories of Linda Hutcheon and Louis Giannetti, and elaborates on the concept of functional equivalence with reference to Eugene Nida's translation theory. It also considers the relevance of authorial intention in the context of adaptation studies. The practical part examines the film's adaptation strategies through Giannetti's taxonomy of literal, loose, and faithful adaptations. It analyzes moments of direct textual transfer, additions and omissions, and shifts in chronology, and focuses on how scenes, character traits, emotional states, and themes are preserved through functional equivalents
The symbolism of the court jester in novels of the 21st century
No full textThis thesis examines the figure of the court jester, whose history and literary significance dates back to the 12th century. The aim of this thesis is to identify elements of the court jester in selected works and to interpret the function of the court jester within the socio-political circumstances of each novel. The following novels have been chosen to illustrate the symbolism and function of this character: Die Stunde der Narren (2021), Tyll (2017) and Die Pfaueninsel (2014). The main plot in each work is set in a different historical context: the Middle Ages, the Thirty Years' War and the reign of Friedrich Wilhelm III. The work is divided into three main parts. The first part of the work describes the original function of the court jester as a warning against wickedness and an exhortation to divine humility. Particular attention is paid to the role of the court dwarf and the typical physical features of fools. The following chapters focus on the literary significance of the court jester and its development in different literary periods. A separate chapter is devoted to Till Eulenspiegel as an important representative of fool literature. The last part of the thesis deals with the detailed analysis of selected literary works with emphasis on the social position of the court jester and their..