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Economic poverty in Czechia in a regional perspective
No full textPoverty is a complex social problem that manifests itself differently in different regions depending on economic and social circumstances. This bachelor thesis focuses on the analysis of regional poverty in the Czechia with a special emphasis on income poverty, in its objective and subjective conception, and on material deprivation. The aim of the thesis is to describe and evaluate the level of economic poverty in the regions of the Czechia based on a quantitative analysis of data from the EU-SILC 2022 survey. The research focuses on how economic poverty affects different types of households and how regional differences affect the risk of poverty. Recent crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis and inflation have exacerbated pre-existing inequalities, making the topic of regional poverty particularly topical. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of territorial social inequalities and highlights the need for regionally targeted social policies that can help alleviate poverty and promote sustainable development in all parts of the country
High temperature oxidation of AlTi0.5CrFeNi high entropy alloy
No full textThis work concerns the study of the high-temperature oxidation of AlTi0,5CrFeNi high-entropy alloy at 800 řC, 900 řC and 1000 řC for 100 h and the understanding of this phenomenon. The thermodynamics of oxidation is examined by calculating the Ellingham diagram. The oxidation kinetics is investigated by mass increment method and thermo- gravimetric analysis. The activation energy of oxidation is calculated from the ther- mogravimetric curves. The microstructures of the samples before and after oxidation and the layer of oxides are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The microhardness of the material is measured in its as-cast state and after each oxidation experiment. The results are compared with other alloys for high-temperature applications and it is asserted that further research of this alloy may be promising
Evolutionary dynamics of the Competitiveness of European Regions between 2016 and 2022
No full textThe topic of this thesis is the development of the competitiveness of European NUTS 2 regions for the period 2016 to 2022, which is examined on the basis of EU Regional Competitiveness Index values. The aim is to reveal possible convergence with a focus on Central European regions and to explore the transformation tendencies and competitiveness changes of coal regions, which belongs to the main focal points of the EU Cohesion Policy. Therefore, the impact of Structural Fund subsidies and other potential explanatory variables on competitiveness development is also tested. The thesis is framed by relevant theories of regional development and set in the context of existing research on regional competitiveness and other topical issues. The methods used reveal clear convergence tendencies not only for Central Europe, but also for the rest of the European Union. The impact of structural funds on competitiveness development is not negligible, as is the capacity to innovate as measured by the European Innovation scoreboard, but the strongest explanatory variable is the quality of governance. There are similar results among coal regions, but the development of specific regions often differs, even within the same country
Nutritional quality of plant-based alternatives to cheese
No full textThe thesis focuses on plant-based cheese alternatives, examining them from the perspective of both nutritional and sensory properties as well as consumer perception. The aim was to map the range of these products available on the Czech market, compare their composition and nutritional values with those of traditional cheeses, and investigate how they are perceived among different consumer groups. The practical part of the thesis was divided into three sections. The first involved a questionnaire survey with 128 respondents, categorized into three groups - the public, high school students, and vegans and vegetarians. The objective was to assess consumer awareness, experiences, and attitudes toward plant-based cheese alternatives. The results revealed significant differences in knowledge and consumption rates among the groups: respondents preferring plant-based diets demonstrated the highest level of awareness, while the public and students often lacked familiarity with these products. The market survey revealed that the availability of plant-based alternatives is highly uneven, with the widest selection found in online stores. Major issues included confusing product labeling and significant price variation, with plant-based alternatives often more expensive than their traditional counterparts...
Preparation and evaluation of targeted drug nanoformulation
No full textCharles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Training Workplace Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Doctoral Degree Program Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate Mrg. Barbora Boltnarová Supervisor prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Advisor PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Preparation and evaluation of targeted drug nanoformulations Nanotechnology offers transformative potential in drug delivery systems, enabling precise targeting and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Liver inflammation is an increasing global health challenge that requires innovative therapeutic strategies. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti- inflammatory agents widely used in treatment; however, their application is associated with severe side effects resulting from nonspecific distribution to tissues and cells. Macrophages play a critical role in development of inflammation, which make them attractive target for targeted therapies of GCs. This study aimed to develop a biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanospheres (NSs) for GC delivery, specifically targeting liver macrophages to enable safer and more effective therapy for liver inflammation. Initially, PLGA NSs were optimized using Rhodamine B (RhB) as a model substance. NSs were prepared using two methods: the..
Development of UHPLC method for the determination of withanolides in dietary supplements with Ashwagandha extract
No full textCharles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Bc. Eliška Vašutová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský, Ph.D. Title of the diploma thesis: Development of UHPLC method for the determination of withanolides in dietary supplements with Ashwagandha extract In this diploma thesis, a new ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed and validated for the separation and determination of withaferin A, withanolide A, withanolide B, withanoside IV, withanoside V and withanone, which are contained in the extracts of Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha. The developed method was subsequently used to determine the withanolides in ten dietary supplements: Ashwagandha BIO Organic (Blendea), Ashwagandha (ActiveLab), Ashwagandha (Kräuterhaus Sanct Bernahrd), Ashwagandha Extract Organic BIO (Viridian), Ashwagandha (Green Idea), Ashwagandha (ADVANCE nutraceutics), Ashwagandha (Gym Beam), Ashwagandha (Webber Naturals), Ashwagandha (Vilgain) a Ashwagandha (Jíme zdravě). A Kinetex F5 100 Å 150 x 4.6 mm analytical column with 2.6 µm particles was used for the analysis. The analysis was carried out by gradient elution with mobile phase A: acetonitrile, mobile phase B: ultrapure water. The analysis was carried out at a..
Ab-initio description of nuclear reactions
No full textStudy of few-nucleon reactions is a highly contemporary topic in nu- clear physics. Nowadays, the few-body Schrödinger equation can be solved with very high accuracy which allows us to compare different models of the nucleon-nucleon potential. In this work, we derive the interaction from the so-called pionless effective field theory (πEFT), the simplest possible nuclear EFT consisting only of contact interactions. The breakdown scale of the the- ory is set by the pion mass, making it ideal for the study of very low energy nuclear processes. Our interaction is renormalizable and the Coulomb poten- tial is accounted for non-perturbatively in the used power counting scheme. We apply this interaction in a systematic study of up to four-nucleon scat- tering, making our study the first ever test of πEFT in four-body charged particle-target nuclear reactions. The scattering phase shifts are calculated using a harmonic oscillator trap corrected for the long-range Coulomb inter- action - the first time this method has been used in few-body calculations. The bound-state energies needed as input are calculated using the Stochastic Variational Method in a correlated Gaussian basis
European Health Insurance Card as a Tool to Combat Inaccessible Care in Czech Border Regions
No full textBorder regions struggle with poor accessibility of healthcare, geographical iso- lation, and limited availability of healthcare services. Cross-border healthcare cooperation, with utilization of participating countries' resources, comes as an immediate remedy. However, the available EU legislation does not solve cross- border healthcare cooperation for border area inhabitants whose health issues originate in the home country and the nearest healthcare provider is situated in the neighbouring country. If countries have di!erent purchasing power par- ities (PPPs), patients from a lower PPP country face high co-payments if EU legislation is used, which limits cross-border patient flows. Thus, the potential to increase accessibility to healthcare in border areas remains unexploited. This thesis assumes a critical scenario that in border areas hit by inaccessible home healthcare, European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) may be used as a substitute for cross-border healthcare reimbursement. We explore the dataset of cross-border healthcare claims in the period 2012 - 2023 raised through the Health Insurance Bureau towards the General Health Insurance Fund (VZP) to reimburse care of Czech insurees in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Slovakia. Proxying the place of residence by the auxiliary VZP branch..
Pandemic Timelessness on the Japanese Borders: Contribution to the Anthropology of Waiting
No full textTime is an important commodity in human lives. We are taught that it is limited and it is important on how and what we use it for. However, in recent years our reality has changed fundamentally as the world has been struck by the COVID-19 pandemic. This thesis focuses specifically on this period in the context of Japan's closed borders and explores the shared experiences of people who were forced to postpone, alter or completely cancel their plans to travel to Japan for longer-term stays. It focuses on their emotions and perception of time during a period when they were compelled to wait with an uncertain outcome. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the temporal perspective of waiting and theorize agency in waiting through the analysis of feelings and shared experience, in order to understand the role that an uncertain future can play. Key words: waiting, COVID-19, pandemic, measures, border closure, Japan, study abroad, timelessness, mobility, hope, anthropology of waitin
Effects of air pollution on the development of Alzheimer's disease
No full textAir pollution represents a serious environmental issue that is increasingly associated not only with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, but also with disorders of the central nervous system. This bachelor's thesis focuses on the impact of air pollution on the development of Alzheimer's disease. It examines the molecular mechanisms by which selected airborne pollutants may contribute to the neurodegenerative changes typical of this condition. The aim of the thesis is to describe how components of air pollution-especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-contribute to neuropathological processes such as beta-amyloid plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. The thesis discusses the direct pathways through which air pollutants can enter the central nervous system, for example via the lungs or the olfactory mucosa, as well as indirect mechanisms through which inhaled particles may affect the nervous system, such as influencing the gut microbiota via the gut-brain axis or through the production of inflammatory markers. The thesis summarizes findings from available in vitro, in vivo, and large-scale epidemiological studies that investigate the hypothesis of a negative impact of air pollution on the development of Alzheimer's disease