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Comparison of the Powers of the Czech and Slovak Presidents in Relation to the Government
No full textComparison of the Powers of the Czech and Slovak Presidents in Relation to the Government Abstract The Czech Republic and Slovakia share a constitutional history of more than 70 years of a common president. However, the subsequent post-revolutionary developments in both countries have shown that the perception of the head of state in the Czech Republic and Slovakia differs in many ways. It is therefore worth considering whether this different perception of the presidents in the eyes of the public has also been reflected in the powers granted to the presidents by the Czech and Slovak constitutions after the division of the common state. Considering the scope of the work, the chosen comparative powers are those that the President of the Republic has vis-à-vis the second constitutionally enshrined branch of the executive branch - the government. Indeed, it is the setting of the relationship between the government and the president that determines to a large extent who actually governs the country. Moreover, it is the subject of frequent discussions and political disputes. The thesis compares selected powers of the Czech and Slovak presidents in relation to the government in three parts. The first part deals with the power of the President to appoint and dismiss the prime minister and other members of the..
The role of the repressive laws of January 16, 2014 in the escalation of violence on Euromaidan
No full textThe role of invertebrates in supraglacial trophic dynamics
No full textGlacier surfaces are highly biologically active and productive cryospheric ecosystems that comprise distinct habitats and cold-adapted biota. Local food webs are truncated, though multitrophic and usually topped with metazoan invertebrate consumers. In recent years, much progress has been made in mapping the diversity and distribution of these invertebrates, yet the research on their ecology is still in its early stages. This thesis reviews the current knowledge on these glacier-dwelling invertebrates through the lens of trophic ecology, as it allows us to follow the transfers of energy and matter, uncover possible biotic interactions and contextualise them in the dynamics of the primarily abiotically driven supraglacial ecosystem. The main aim of this thesis is to uncover the gaps in the knowledge and propose research priorities for the upcoming critical years. Summarising what we know about the supraglacial habitats and their invertebrate consumers, putative food sources and trophic interactions has revealed that current knowledge is limited to several geographic areas, habitats and taxa. While most of the research comes from the Arctic and Antarctic, rapidly changing areas like the equatorial glaciers remain less understood. Some supraglacial habitats and taxa remain heavily understudied..
Effect of permanent pacemaker and cardioverter-defibrillator implantation on ipsilateral shoulder joint mobility
No full textThe Impact of Conventional Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation on Ipsilateral Shoulder Joint Mobility Nečasová Lucie ABSTRACT Introduction: Implantation of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIED) is considered a minor surgical procedure. However, some patients report pain in the area of the device and the shoulder girdle at varying time intervals after implantation, sometimes associated with a change in range of movement. The pain often limits the performance of daily activities (Activity of Daily Living, ADL), reduces quality of life, and may even be an indication for the extraction of the pacing system. The source of pain and mobility restriction can be due to infectious, vascular, or device-related complications. The research studied the impact of standard transvenous subcutaneous prepectoral implantation of a permanent pacemaker or cardioverter-defibrillator on the mobility of the ipsilateral shoulder joint and shoulder girdle. In addition to functional changes in the musculoskeletal system, disability in the shoulder, arm, and hand areas (QuickDASH), as well as quality of life (SF - 36 questionnaire), were also assessed through questionnaire surveys. Methodology: The study involved a total of 37 subjects (23 men and 14 women, mean age 62.7 ± 16.8 years), who were..
Sexual harassment at workplace
No full textSexual harassment at workplace Abstract The thesis concerns the issue of sexual harassment as an undesirable phenomenon occurring in domestic workplaces. It is a problem that is currently very topical and even has an increasing tendency, despite the fact that the public is paying more attention to it. The author focuses on sexual harassment in the workplace, as it is the place most prone to sexual harassment. The thesis concentrates mostly on an analysis of the treatment of sexual harassment in the workplace in the Czech Republic through sources from the Czech legal system, European Union law and binding foreign treaties and documents. The objective of the thesis is then to critically assess this regulation and to make recommendations on how the treatment of sexual harassment in the workplace in the Czech Republic should be further developed in relation to the deepening of the prevention of this unwanted occurrence and the subsequent defense of the victims. The thesis is structured into six chapters and is designed to help the reader to delve into the subject from the most general legal concepts to specific provisions of the Czech labour law. The first chapter introduces basic terms like equality, discrimination and harassment. This is complemented by the second chapter, which deals directly with sexual..
Interaction of root system with pathogenic and beneficial fungi - the case of Brassicaceae family
No full textThe rhizosphere represents a dynamic environment where complex interactions take place between plants and a wide range of microorganisms. These interactions influence plant growth and health and can be positive, neutral, or negative. Fungi in the rhizosphere play diverse ecological roles - from symbiotic to pathogenic. In some plant families, such as Brassicaceae, the ability to form arbuscular mycorrhiza has been lost, yet they still engage in interactions with other types of fungi. Upon fungal contact, the plant activates defense mechanisms that include recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, and alterations in hormonal signaling. While pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum trigger a strong immune response often leading to programmed cell death, beneficial fungi such as Trichoderma modulate these responses and induce systemic resistance without harming the plant. The outcome of such interactions depends on the fungus's ability to overcome plant defense barriers and the plant's immune response. This thesis summarizes current knowledge about plant-fungal interactions, focusing on colonization mechanisms and specific features in the Brassicaceae family. Keywords: Rhizosphere, Biotroph,..
The use of feather growth rate and quality in the study of bird biology, ecology, and population conservation
No full textBird feathers are a valuable source of information for the study of bird populations. In addition to the traditionallymonitoredparameters such as feather weight or length, feathers can also be analyzed for growth bands and the occurrence of fault bars. Growth bars allow determiningthe feather growth rate, which reflects the nutritionof an individual and rather the long-term conditionof the bird. However, this speed is influenced by a number of other factors - both at the level of individuals within a species (stress,sex, age, etc.) and between different species (life strategies, etc.). On the other hand, fault bars represent a short-term record of stressful events in a bird's life. They arise as a result of intense stress and weaken the structure of the pen, which increases the likelihoodof its breakage.This bachelor's thesis summarizes the current knowledge on feather growth rate and quality of the feathers with focus on fault bars and on the factors that influence them. Key words: Fault bars; Feather growth rates; Growth bars; Keratin; Latitude; Life history evolution; Nutrition; Sexual selection; Tail feathers; Wing feather
Different forms of the poetry of everyday life in Czech literature from the second half of the 20th century to the present
No full textThis doctoral thesis focuses on the different forms that the poetics of everyday life takes in Czech poetry from the second half of the 20th century to contemporary times. This is a central phenomenon in the development of modern and contemporary Czech poetry, which finds its primary origins in the experience of Group 42. However, in addition to the literary current of Group 42, the poetics of total realism will also be included as an aesthetic premise in this work: these are two experiences that are inseparable from this study and have significantly influenced the poets analysed here. The object of study is the particular poetics of the everyday in the works of Jan Skácel, Ivan Wernisch, and Petr Hruška. In particular, Skácel's early production, especially his first collection Kolik příležitostí má růže (1957), is examined, while the works of Ivan Wernisch from the 1970s onwards - the normalization period when he was censored - are also considered. The method used is the analysis of poetic texts framed within their historical and cultural context. Through this analysis, it will be shown that although certain expressive affinities exist and the tendency toward everyday life is common, the stylistic means of its representation differ greatly. These poetic worlds are close yet distant from each other, and in..
Determinants of Housing Prices in the Visegrád Group and Austria: A Comparative Analysis of National Trends and Capital City Region Dynamics
No full textThis thesis investigates the determinants of housing prices, measured by the House Price Index (HPI), in the Visegrád Group and Austria using quarterly data from 2010 to 2024. The analysis also explores differences in these effects between capital city regions and the national level, using yearly data from 2010 to 2023. We primarily employ the fixed effects estimator, with explanatory variables lagged by six and twelve months, allowing us to examine delayed effects and compare the impact after six months with that after twelve months. In the case of the analysis using yearly data, we assess only the effect after one year. The key explanatory variables include, among others, interest rates on housing loans, unemployment, and gross domestic product (GDP). Due to the non-stationarity of the variables in levels, we use growth rate approximations (logarithmic differences) instead. We test the hypothesis of a significant effect of the explanatory variables on the HPI, as well as the hypothesis of a significant difference between these effects at the national level and in capital city regions. JEL Classification R21, R31, C23, O18, G21, R30 Keywords housing prices, Visegrád Group, Austria, capital cities, panel data Title Determinants of Housing Prices in the Visegrád Group and Austria: A Comparative..
Islamic extremism and terrorism in Tajikistan from 2015 to 2024 in the context of the development of state counterterrorism measures
No full textThis bachelor's thesis focuses on the issue of Islamic extremism and terrorism in Tajikistan from September 2015 to August 2024, specifically examining the influence of state counterterrorism measures on the potential rise of extremism in the country. Tajikistan, traditionally known for its repressive regime, faces complex social and political circumstances that affect both the religious expression of individuals and groups and the security situation in the country. The paper analyzes the government's repressive actions against the Muslim population, the relationship to extremism, and the migration of its population abroad. The main objective of the thesis is to explore whether the measures have led to a decrease or an increase in extremism, based on a theoretical framework defining radicalization, extremism, and terrorism. It also analyzes repressive approaches in a global context and examines how their efficiency is perceived outside Tajikistan. The research includes an analysis of sources, including academic literature, media, and data related to security incidents. The thesis suggests that the repressive measures of the Tajik government likely stabilize the situation to some extent directly in the country but may also contribute to an increase of extremism in diasporas abroad. Additionally,..