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Real emissions from the combustion of solid fuels during domestic heating
No full textThe study evaluates real-world emissions from domestic wood and coal combustion in various boiler types and confirms that outdated equipment generates significantly higher levels of particulate matter and toxic substances compared to modern automatic systems. It also shows that commonly used chemical marker ratios for source identification do not consistently match laboratory data, raising concerns about their reliability under actual operating conditions
Can the Czech economy grow out of debt?
No full textIn connection with the growing budget deficits of several EU countries, discussions – including in the Czech Republic – have introduced the idea that a state could “grow out of debt”. This notion is based on the premise that the ability to repay debt depends not so much on the absolute amount of debt, but rather on the debt-to-GDP ratio, which relates the size of the debt to the size of the economy (GDP). This ratio can be reduced not only by cutting the debt itself, but also through stronger economic growth. Stronger growth allows for greater budget deficits and further borrowing. A key condition is that the rate of economic growth must consistently exceed the interest rate at which the state can borrow. In this regard, arguments based on the idea of “growing out of debt” currently have very weak support in the Czech economic context, and this support is likely to weaken further in the foreseeable future
Monitoring of the movement of the ceiling of St. Prokop's Cave in Sázava
No full textThe report describes the monitoring of the movement of the rock excavation ceiling in the Sázava Monastery, which is to be opened to the public as St. Prokop's Cave, and summarizes the results of measurements of deformation, temperature, and relative humidity in the period from February to November 2025
Seismic loading of Jeroným Mine near Čistá in 2025 and chamber K1 stability observing
No full textThis research report describes results of seismological monitorning in the Jeroným Mine near Čistá in 2025. Main results from monitoring of geotechnical parameters using distributed measurement system are briefly presented, namely stability of chamber K1
Effective sorbents from waste biomass for removing micropollutants from water
No full textNew pollutants in water pose a growing threat to the environment and human health. Their persistence, resistance to degradation, and bioaccumulation require effective solutions for their removal. The main sources of these substances are effluents from wastewater treatment plants. In this work, biochars from three different waste biomasses, namely walnut shells, sunflower seed husks, and wood chips, were prepared, characterized, and tested. The sorption efficiency of all three biochars was compared, and the most effective of them was used for the final treatment of effluents from a wastewater treatment plant. Its efficiency was compared with the efficiency of micropollutant removal by photolysis
Methodology for bibliographic processing of almanacs, calendars, and yearbooks
No full textThe primary goal of the presented methodology is to formulate and define procedures for the bibliographic description of almanacs, calendars, and yearbooks, i.e., unique types of so-called non-periodicals as specific types of documents, some of whose characteristics fall under periodical publications and some under non-periodical publications. Due to their peripheral position, ALKARO documents have been largely overlooked in current cataloging practice, in particular in the processing of analytical bibliographies, and a comprehensive systematic methodology for their description does not yet exist. This newly presented methodology takes into account various levels of bibliographic description: it considers serial and monographic records, as well as analytical records and the interrelationships and correlations between them
COMPARISON OF AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS AT TWO NATIONAL MONITORING STATIONS
No full textThe main aim of atmospheric background monitoring stations is to measure basic pollution levels and track long-term changes in the troposphere (EEA Glossary). Fine dust emitted or formed in the atmosphere can be transported over long distances – hundreds of kilometres from the source of emission. This study discusses research results on the concentrations of particulate matter and its selected components in two atmospheric background stations situated in Czech Republic (NAOK Košetice) and Poland (DS Osieczów).\nThe scope and conditions of the observations allowed for the verification of the hypotheses that, with almost identical air mass flow originating (Wd):\n1. The concentration levels of elements and compounds related to PM10 are identical regardless of the study area,\n2. The concentration levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are identical regardless of the study area
Role of Meis transcription factors in eye development
No full textMammalian eye development is a precisely regulated, complex embryonic process that results in the formation of a functional sensory organ. We focused on the roles of evolutionarily conserved developmental regulators, the transcription factors Meis1 and Meis2, in the early stages of lens and retina development. Lens development, initiated by the induction of the lens placode, is orchestrated by intricate gene regulatory networks (GRN). The central node of the GRN governing lens induction is Pax6. Meis1 and Meis2 have been considered essential upstream regulators of Pax6 during lens induction due to their interaction with the Pax6 ectoderm enhancer (EE). However, mice deficient in Meis1, Meis2, or the EE still form a lens and have surprisingly mild ocular phenotypes at the placodal stage and lens formation still occurs. Until our study, a Meis1/2 double knockout could not be generated due to the lethality of single Meis1 and Meis2 knockouts. In mouse model, we demonstrated that simultaneous deletion of Meis1 and Meis2 in the presumptive lens ectoderm arrests lens development at the pre-placodal stage, phenocopying Pax6 loss. Additionally, we demonstrated that beyond the EE, Meis1/2 bind to the distant, highly conserved SIMO enhancer of Pax6, and that the lens-specific activity of SIMO depends on..
New Possibilities of Using Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in Emergency and Intensive Medicine
No full textThe subject of this dissertation is the exploration of new applications of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in intensive and emergency care. POCUS is an ultrasound examination performed directly at the patient's bedside by a clinical physician. Unlike traditional ultrasound conducted by a radiologist, it is fast, non-invasive, and can be safely repeated at the bedside without the need for risky patient transport. It is a recent and rapidly evolving technique that is being adopted throughout the healthcare system. Common uses of POCUS today include ruling out deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs in patients with unilateral leg swelling, even in general practitioners' offices. In prehospital care, POCUS is an essential part of the differential diagnosis of sudden cardiac arrest, especially for identifying reversible causes. It is also widely used in frontline medicine to aid in the differential diagnosis of shortness of breath. In the hands of intensivists, POCUS is an ideal tool primarily used to exclude critical, life-threatening conditions. Its primary purpose is not to make a diagnosis, but to narrow the differential diagnosis of acute conditions. In intensive care units (ICUs), POCUS is a standard examination upon patient admission. It is used in the differential diagnosis of hemodynamic..
Preparation of textiles from hyaluronan, its derivatives and other biopolymers for medical applications
No full textHyaluronan (HA) is a polysaccharide naturally occurring in most tissues of the human body, where it performs a number of different functions. It is precisely due to its specific biological properties that HA is one of ingridients for medical devices and pharmaceuticals preparation. HA can be chemically modified to change its biological and degradation properties and used separately or in combination with other biopolymers and active substances into multiple textile forms. The aim of this work was to optimize the process of wet spinning of HA, its derivatives and other biopolymers into the form of nonwoven textiles. According to the achievable mechanical properties of the textile form, multiple medical device concepts combining these textiles with other materials and other material forms of HA have been proposed to test these formulations on selected animal models. The nonwoven textiles were formed by depositing shortened staple microfibers on a suitable substrate, pressing and drying them. The staple fibers themselves were formed by wet spinning in a non-stationary precipitation bath. To optimize the process of fiber preparation and their processing, several laboratory devices were designed and implemented, and based on the gained knowledge, a pilot plant device was designed and put into..