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Correlation of quantitative imaging parameters with particular neurodegenerative phenotypes
No full textNeurodegenerative disorders represent a significant public health challenge due to their high prevalence and substantial impact on quality of life. Biomarkers, including neuroimaging, are essential in their research. is thesis includes four studies on novel neuroimaging approaches to Parkinson's disease (PD), isolated REM behavior disorder (iRBD), and Wilson's disease (WD). Striosomes and the striatal matrix are compartments of the striatum whose involvement in prodromal or early PD was previously unclear. Our findings revealed altered connectivity patterns associated with striosomes and matrix in patients with PD, in contrast to patients with iRBD and healthy controls. ese connectivity changes correlated with the degree of nigrostriatal denervation and clinical symptom severity. e glymphatic system is a whole-brain perivascular network responsible for interstitial solute clearance. Using the Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) method, we identified glymphatic dysfunction correlated with nigrostriatal denervation and clinical severity in PD. Neuromelanin, a dark pigment in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), was accurately segmented using a novel artificial convolutional neural network method. is technique outperformed traditional threshold-based..
Domestic violence and protection in civil court proceedings
No full text4 Domestic violence and protection in civil court proceedings Abstract This rigorous thesis deals with domestic violence and protection within civil proceedings, particularly the institution of preliminary measures for protection against domestic violence. Domestic violence is a phenomenon that is still common in society, and the protection of potential victims is therefore necessary across the legal system. Preliminary measures are an institution that helps to provide rapid temporary protection to victims. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive view of the issue of domestic violence in the context of civil proceedings and to emphasize the importance of these proceedings in the effective protection of victims. At the same time, it mentions the protection of minors and their possible involvement in the judicial process. All of this is then assessed in the context of the newly adopted legislation, Act No. 78/2025 Coll., amending Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, as amended, and other laws related to combating domestic violence. The individual chapters are devoted to an analysis of the current legislation. The first chapter deals with domestic violence, its forms, and its typical characteristics. The second chapter explains the role of civil proceedings in the protection against domestic..
Characterization of novel cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in blood-feeding ticks and allergenic mites
No full textProteolytic systems play a crucial role in medically relevant arthropods in processes such as host-parasite interactions and the development of allergic hypersensitivity. This dissertation focuses on cathepsin proteases and their inhibitors in blood-feeding ticks and allergenic mites, exploring their function, structure, and biomedical relevance. The following novel molecules were investigated. Thyropin IrThy from the saliva of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus was recombinantly produced and shown to be a highly selective inhibitor of cathepsins K, L, and V. It was structurally characterized by NMR, as the first parasite thyropin, explaining its narrow inhibitory profile. The obtained data suggest a role for IrThy in the early stages of hematophagy. Proteolytic profiling of the allergenic mites Dermatophagoides farinae and Acarus siro identified two novel cathepsin-type cysteine proteases, DfCB and AsCC, which are excreted and contaminate the environment. Enzymatic and proteomic analyses demonstrated that they are distinct from previously known groups of mite protease allergens and may contribute to allergic sensitization. An activity assay for their specific detection was developed. Recombinant DfCB, a cathepsin B-like protease, was functionally characterized, revealing carboxytripeptidase activity..
Biological markers in elite sport
No full textThis dissertation explores biological markers in elite sport that could be useful for diagnostics and prediction in sports medicine. The theoretical part provides an overview of the current knowledge in sports science, with a focus on sports biochemistry, genetics, dietology, and immunology. The experimental part of the work discusses findings from three key topics and related biological markers. The first biological marker investigated was bilirubin and its increased serum concentrations in elite athletes. The UGT1A1 gene promoter variant responsible for the manifestation of Gilbert's syndrome characterized by benign hyperbilirubinemia >17 µmol/l, were investigated in elite athletes. In the next part of the work, several blood parameters that may be related to energy deficit in female athletes were analyzed. Based on our findings and available literature, the hormones leptin, hepcidin, progesterone, estradiol, and free T3 were identified as auxiliary biomarkers for the assessment of low energy availability. Finally, biological markers of the complement system were investigated, specifically mannose-binding lectin, C3 and C4 components of the complement system, and activation of all three complement pathways. Our findings suggest that elite athletes more often have a dysfunctional complement..
Karierní poradenství pro žáky základních škol s LMP
No full textPráce je zaměřená na objasnění specifik karierního poradenství pro žáky s LMP. Praktická část pracuje s analýzou rozhovorů s vycházejícími žáky a jich třídními učiteli a zjištěné informace využívá k nastavení vhodných nástrojů pro dobou praxi kariérních poradců, pracujících s žáky s tímto typem postižení
Opinions of the Czech public on the presence of foreigners in the Czech Republic – May 2025
No full textAt the end of May and beginning of June 2025, the Public Opinion Research Center (CVVM) of the Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences conducted a regular survey using the probabilistic panel Naše společnost (Our Society) to examine a range of attitudes among Czech society toward the question of whether foreigners living in the Czech Republic should or should not adapt to our way of life. In addition, a question was asked about the importance of circumstances that influence the acceptance of foreigners
Fatal austerity
No full textThis paper quantifies the macroeconomic consequences of the fiscal austerity program that preceded the Nazi power grab in Germany in 1933. Between 1930 and 1932, German Chancellor Heinrich Brüning enacted large expenditure cuts and tax increases against the backdrop of a depressed economy, global trade disintegration, and the rise of political extremism. We use a novel granular fiscal dataset to identify the macroeconomic effects of Brüning’s austerity policies. We find that the austerity shocks reduced German GDP by more than four percent and caused an increase in unemployment by almost two million, paving the way for extremist parties’ success
Response of dissolved organic carbon to rainfall-runoff events in streams draining peatbogs
No full textThe presented study investigates the dynamics of DOC concentrations in headwater peatbog areas with respect to the extreme rainfall-runoff (R-R) events hydrometeorological catchment preconditions. The main data sources were automatic devices for monitoring of groundwater level, discharges and rainfalls installed in the Vydra River catchment and one automatic water sampler ISCO in sub-catchment of the Rokytka River basin in the Šumava National Park. Changes in groundwater level and discharges had the greatest influence on DOC concentrations. Higher mean and maximum DOC were measured during events after a longer period without an extreme R-R event. The greater lag time of maximum DOC after peak flow and the higher mean DOC during the event were primarily due to hydrometeorological preconditions of the catchment. The highest DOC was in autumn after previous summer period with low discharges and low groundwater level. DOC was also positively corelated with air and water temperatures
Material analyses of plasters and stuccos from the riding hall of the Valdštejn Castle in Jičín
No full textThe stucco layer of decoration in the riding hall of the Jičín Castle was created from lime binder (air lime) and silicaceous sand. Gypsum and probably marble grains (crystalline limestone) are present in small quantities
Large scale testing and parallelization of an immersed boundary method with Reynolds-averaged turbulence models
No full textIn computational fluid dynamics, immersed boundary methods (IBM) can be used to alleviate problems with the meshing of complex geometries. Instead of creating a geometry-conforming mesh, the geometry is projected onto a simple mesh using an indicator scalar field and adjustment of the governing equations. Previously, we have coupled our custom IBM variant, the hybrid fictitious domain-immersed boundary method (openHFDIB), with two-equation Reynolds-averaged turbulence models. We denote the method as openHFDIBRANS and, so far, its performance has been tested on simple simulation cases and 2D benchmarks. Further development focused on enabling large scale 3D simulations, which required several improvements to the method, including effective smoothing of y and full parallelization. In this contribution, first, the method itself is described with a focus on the recent changes. Second, results from one large scale benchmark, simulation of flow around an Ahmed body, are presented. The results of openHFDIBRANS are compared with the results computed by the standard simpleFoam solver. Overall, the agreement with the standard simpleFoam solver is not perfect, openHFDIBRANS predicts too soon detachment of the boundary layer. Nonetheless, when tested with a varying number of cores, the openHFDIBRANS results are consistent. Moreover, the scaling of simulation times with the number of cores used is comparable between simpleFoam and openHFDIBRANS