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Rejection of an ideological text, or of needed measures? The (non-)ratification of the Istanbul Convention in Czech Republic
No full textThe thesis deals with the decision of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic not to ratify the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence almost eight years after the signing of the treaty. It aims to analyse the way the Istanbul Convention was framed in the speeches of the Czech senators during the ratification negotiation, and to identify the most recurrent themes in the frames themselves. It first introduces the reader to the context, specifically the origins of the Istanbul Convention, its content, its acceptance in the Czech Republic and the world, and finally summarizes the public debate that took place before the Senate's negotiation. It describes the concept of gender ideology and the related anti-gender discourse, which is important for the understanding of the debate. In relation to the stated aim, it then identifies through framing analysis which aspects of the Istanbul Convention were highlighted during the ratification negotiations, which were discredited, how did the proponents and opponents argue, and which arguments were most common. As a result, four frames are presented, with all of them having their functions detailed. Those function are what the senators framed as the problem that needed to be addressed by..
Chromatographic determination of lipid peroxidation markers
No full textCharles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Supervisor: PharmDr. Nela Váňová Ph.D. Candidate: Tomáš Studnička Title of Thesis: Chromatografic determination of lipid peroxidation markers Changes in the lipidomic profile, particularly the occurence of oxidized cardiolipins (oxoCLs), are considered promising biomarkers of oxidative stress. However, development of methods for their determination is limited by the lack of commercially available standards for oxoCLs. Therefore, the optimization of conditions leading towards the preparation of corresponding oxoCLs at various levels ranging from individual isolated cardiolipins (CL) to cell or tissue models is necessary. The aim of this diploma thesis was to develop and optimize LC-MS conditions for the determination of CL 72:8 and its oxidized forms, to evaluate the efficiency of CL and oxoCL extraction and oxidation, and to identify the main oxidation products of CL 72:8. The CL oxidation was carried out using the Fenton reaction, followed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Final analysis was performed using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Shimadzu Prominence LC-20 HPLC system coupled to Thermo Finnigan LCQ Advantage mass spectrometer equipped with ESI source..
Březno Landslide - Engineering-Geological Description and Index Properties
No full textBachelor thesis Antonín Boltnar Březno Landslide - Engineering-Geological Description and Index Properties Abstract This bachelor thesis focuses on the landslide located near the village of Březno, situated on the western margin of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. A large number of field measurements have been historically carried out at the site, but they have never been sufficiently processed. The aim of this work was to conduct a detailed review of all available information, focusing both on the natural conditions of the study area (geomorphological, climatic, geological, geodynamic, and hydrogeological) and on the analysis of laboratory tests, monitoring (precise inclinometry, electrical resistivity tomography, thermal imaging, and public InSAR data from EGMS), as well as the history and classification of slope movements in the area. Another objective was to evaluate the variation in index properties of soils depending on depth, specifically the profile of natural water content and the determination of Atterberg limits of plasticity and liquidity. The results from 56 samples show that the natural water content is significantly influenced by changes in lithology and groundwater level. Plasticity values determined from 14 samples taken at various depths indicate a geological predisposition that may have..
Climate Change as a Topic for Learning Tasks for Activating Teaching Methods in Biology Education
No full textThe diploma thesis presents a literature search on the topic of climate change. The thesis also presents a pedagogical experiment. The thesis deals with teaching the topic of climate change using learning tasks to activate teaching methods in biology lessons. For the needs of this work, preparations for teaching using two different methods for two classes of pupils in the scope of two teaching hours were created, and they are presented in detail in the work, including materials suitable for use in teaching about climate change. Furthermore, a didactic test was also created, which served as both a pre-test and a post-test, and a popularity questionnaire. The aim of the pedagogical experiment was to determine whether and what the result of the knowledge difference would be between pupils who were taught using two different methods in two different classes. The experiment was carried out with students in the seventh grade of primary school. The comparison of students' educational results was based on the results of the assigned pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the quantitative differences in students' knowledge were not very different, but both teaching methods advanced students' knowledge by many percent. The students also filled out a preference questionnaire, which revealed that..
Options for special education diagnosis and intervention in school-age children with CVI
No full textThe topic of this bachelor thesis is the current possibilities for diagnosing cortical visual impairment (CVI). The main aim of the thesis is to determine whether the NEPSY-II test battery has potential for diagnosing CVI within the Czech population, based on a comparison of results between students with CVI and typically developing students. The thesis is structured into five chapters. The first chapter defines the key terms, including cortical visual impairment, its aetiology, causes, and symptoms. The second chapter focuses on the diagnosis of CVI and provides a description of the testing materials used. The empirical part of the thesis is based on research conducted through a quasi-experiment and qualitative observation. The sample consisted of ten school-aged students - five with signs of CVI and five typically developing. The results revealed a significant difference in responses between students with CVI and typically developing students. The research confirmed all research assumptions and indicated that part of the NEPSY-II test battery, specifically the social perception domain, could be useful in diagnosing CVI within the Czech population. Recommendations were subsequently made regarding potential adaptations of the test materials for use in CVI diagnostics. This bachelor thesis may serve..
Utilization of boron-doped diamond electrodes for the electrochemical detection in flow methods
No full textThe thesis deals with the optimization of the geometry of a dual electrode detector (DED) and its application in the determination of electroactive substances. It builds on the work of A. Vikartovský1 , which demonstrated the functionality of the original design, but also revealed limitations due to the unsuitable construction of the cell. As part of this work, it was experimentally verified that narrowing the flow channel between the generation and detection electrodes leads to a consistent increase in current response and thus to more efficient transfer of intermediates. The measured results clearly confirm that the appropriate choice of geometry has a significant impact on detection sensitivity, with a narrow arrangement being more advantageous regardless of the nature of the analyte and the type of detection electrode. Based on these findings, a compact version of the tested dual electrode detector - cDED - was designed and constructed, integrating all necessary electrodes directly into the cell body. The internal and external configurations of the cDED reference and auxiliary electrodes were compared, with both providing comparable current responses, but the external configuration showing significantly lower noise. Furthermore, the functionality of the first part of the cDED equipped with a..
The Effect of Silent Errors in Least-Squares QR
No full textThis thesis investigates the impact of silent errors in the least-squares QR algorithm, an iterative Krylov subspace method for solving least-squares problems. We analyze the sensitivity of the algorithm to silent errors by simulating bit flips throughout the compu- tation and evaluate the effect on convergence. Both unpreconditioned and preconditioned variants of least-squares QR are examined and compared. The results are based on an implementation written in the Python programming language, which is also provided
New per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) substitutes and their toxicity
No full textPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds. PFAS have found important applications across many industrial sectors, including textiles, fire-fighting foams, cookware, fluoropolymer production such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), paints, lubricants, refrigerants, and food packaging. Over time, the negative impacts of PFAS on the environment and living organisms have become evident. The unsustainability of the current situation is reflected in the development and production of new PFAS alternatives. The emerging PFAS alternatives are promising reduced toxicity, bioaccumulation, and persistence. This thesis documents the phase-out of legacy PFAS - e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) - and analyzes the trend of replacing regulated PFAS with short- and ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids, fluorotelomers, and per- and polyfluoroalkylether acids. It focuses on assessing the potential risks and benefits for human health. This work summarizes current legislation and evaluates toxicological data of new alternatives compared to regulated PFAS.Attention is also given to non-fluorinated alternatives, as findings show that many new replacements still exhibit persistence and toxicity,..
A Systematic Review of Youth Employment Interventions in Fragile, Conflict-Affected, and Violent Settings: Linking Context, Mechanisms, and Outcomes.
No full textThis thesis provides a systematic synthesis of evidence on interventions aimed at improving youth (15-35 years) labour-market inclusion in fragile, conflict-affected and violent (FCV) settings. A PIOC (Population-Intervention-Outcome-Context) framework combined with realist synthesis guided a multi-database search strategy, complemented by machine-learning screening (ASReview). Twenty-two primary studies which met the selection criteria were identified and analysed further (12 RCTs, 5 quasi-experimental, 5 qualitative). To address outcome heterogeneity, a Weighted Impact Score was applied to synthesize 482 quantitative and 40 qualitative observations across multiple outcome domains. Results show the strongest evidence for economic indicators, earnings, employment and business performance, whereas aspirations, social cohesion and peacebuilding goals remain largely unfulfilled. Mapping 274 influencing contextual and implementation factors reveals that almost half operate at the meso level (community and institutional environment) and that flaws in programme design and targeting are the most frequent pathway to failure. Three core Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations emerge: capital infusion, human-capital accumulation and social-cohesion building. Success relies on a "contextual seal" in which..
