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Variants of iterative ART method for computed tomography
No full textComputed tomography is a method used in many fields such as medicine, geology, archaeology, and others. It is based on models leading to the discretiza- tion of integral equations, from which we obtain a linear problem with a sparse matrix. This problem is one of the so-called inverse problems. These are in- cluded in a large group of ill-posed problems, where the resulting matrix is often ill-conditioned. A significant complication in solving ill-posed problems is that even small perturbations of the measured data can cause large changes in the resulting approximation. In addition, we are often faced with measurement er- rors, whether in the form of noise caused by patient movements, non-ideal model behavior, rounding errors, and so on. In this thesis, we discuss methods to recon- struct the measurement data as accurately and quickly as possible. We devote a part of this thesis to the ART method, which is widely used in computed tomog- raphy today. Finally, we investigate the effect of different modifications of the ART method on the computational time and on the accuracy of the reconstructed image. In the experimental part, we use the regularization toolbox.
Volatility transmission of quarterly earnings
No full textQuarterly earnings announcements fundamentally reshape information trans- mission dynamics across peer companies, yet their systematic impact remains underexplored. This thesis examines whether earnings disclosures alter volatil- ity spillovers among European low-cost carriers (LCCs), leveraging the sector's unique characteristics (e.g. standardized business models, homogeneous cost structures, and acute sensitivity to external shocks). Using high-frequency in- traday data for the three largest European LCCs - Ryanair, EasyJet, and Wizz Air - over December 2021 to February 2025, we integrate the Diebold- Yilmaz spillover framework with difference-in-differences estimation techniques to identify announcement impacts. Our methodology addresses a critical gap in spillover literature by providing statistically robust confirmation beyond tra- ditional visual analysis. Results demonstrate that 66.7% of earnings announce- ments generated statistically significant effects on sector connectedness, with decoupling effects prevailing following disclosures. Contrary to expectations, company size did not determine spillover frequency, as all carriers generated significant effects with comparable rates. These findings provide actionable insights for investors seeking diversification benefits post-announcement,..
Methods for the description of quantum nuclear effects
No full textNuclear quantum effects play a crucial role in determining molecular properties, especially in systems involving light nuclei. In this thesis, we investigate three methods for computing the proton probability density in the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecule. First, within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, we solve the one-particle Schrödinger equation for a proton moving on an electronic potential energy surface obtained from Hartree-Fock equations. Second, using the same potential energy surface and staging algorithm, we apply the path integral Monte Carlo method incorporating temperature into the system. Finally, we compare these results with those from the nuclear-electronic orbital Hartree-Fock method, which goes beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation by treating light nuclei analogously to electrons within the Hartree-Fock theory
Faith in Spite of Communism. The Biography of Vaclav Maly. (1950-1980)
No full textThis master's degree thesis presents a biographical study of Vaclav Maly, a signatory of Charter 77, co-founder of the Committee for the Defence of the Unjustly Prosecuted, and later Auxiliary Bishop of Prague. The research is based on the method of oral history and is complemented by written and audiovisual sources. The thesis focuses on selected periods of Václav Maly's life, from his childhood and youth during the Prague Spring to his involvement in the dissident movement, with special attention given to the 1970s. It explores how he dealt with the pressure and control of the communist regime, how he was influenced by the Second Vatican Council, and what role his family background played. The family environment, which is still one of the least explored areas in available sources, is given special attention in this work. Václav Malý is seen in the context of a family tradition characterized by strong Catholic faith and a focus on education. The aim of the thesis is not to create a complete biography, but to interpret selected moments of his life within their historical context
Discussion on the Euro 7 regulation in the German Bundestag
No full textv angličtině Název práce: Diskuse o normě Euro 7 v německém Bundestagu (Discussion on the Euro 7 regulation in the German Bundestag) Abstract This thesis analyses the parliamentary debate on the Euro 7 emission regulation in the German Bundestag during the 24th federal cabinet (2021-2025) led by Chancellor Olaf Scholz. The aim of the study is to map and compare the positions of selected political parties on the Euro 7 environmental regulation, with particular focus on the coalition parties SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, and FDP. The views of the opposition parties CDU/CSU and AfD are also taken into account. The thesis is designed as a qualitative single-case study and is based on the analysis of primary sources, especially the stenographic records of plenary sessions held on 3 March and 21 September 2023, official party programme documents, and other available materials. The results show that the political parties generally adhered to their ideological orientations and pre-election commitments in the context of Euro 7. The SPD and the Bündnis 90/Die Grünen supported the regulation with varying degrees of pragmatism, the FDP sought a compromise between environmental and economic interests, while the CDU/CSU and AfD criticised or outright rejected the regulation. The analysis also revealed internal..
Metamorphic record of subduction in metapelites of the Saxothuringian orogenic wedge
No full textOrogenic wedges form large-scale tectonic structures that typically witness complex geodynamic evolution from initial subduction to continental collision at active plate margins. The Saxothuringian orogenic wedge represents a notable example of such a structure in the western Bohemian Massif of the European Variscides. It consists of a heterogenous assemblage of rocks that experienced metamorphism at different stages during the wedge evolution. Among these lithologies, metapelitic rocks are particularly valuable for reconstructing the wedge development, as they are able to retain metamorphic signatures that are relatively easy to decipher, owing to their sensitivity to pressure-temperature changes. This study focuses on prograde metamorphism during the early subduction history, recorded in metapelites from the Erzgebirge region. The aim of the thesis is to examine the present-day spatial distribution of different depth levels of the original subduction complex, later incorporated to the orogenic wedge. A total of ten metapelite samples were chosen for detailed investigation. According to their location and well-preserved high-pressure-low- temperature (HP-LT) mineral assemblages, including garnet, chloritoid, phengitic muscovite, paragonite, kyanite and rutile, the samples can be divided into three..
The relationship of the preschool child to his mother in the changes of artistic techniques
No full textTITLE Vztah předškolního dítěte k matce v proměnách výtvarných technik AUTHOR Markéta Šídlová SUPERVISOR Mgr. Helena Kafková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The thesis focuses on examining the impact of changing art techniques on the expression of a child's relationship with their mother through artistic creation. It offers insight not only into art techniques and artistic expression but also into the fundamentals of a child's psychosocial development and relationships with their close surroundings. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part, with the theoretical part further divided into two sections. The first theoretical section explores the psychosocial aspects of the child. It addresses issues related to the child's psychosocial development and the influence of gender roles on this development. It emphasizes the importance of basic human needs, including the family and the primary relationship between the mother and child, which is discussed through attachment theory and the process of separation from the primary caregiver. The second theoretical section describes artistic activities, the artistic expression of preschool- aged children, and various art techniques. It defines the basics of planning artistic activities. It specifies the art activities of preschool children and their characteristic..
The Value of Organic Foods: The Impact of Food Certifications on Consumer Decision-Making and Willingness to Pay a Premium
No full textThe deportation of the Volga Germans in the Soviet Union in the 1940s in Soviet propaganda
No full textThis bachelor's thesis examines the portrayal of the Volga Germans minority and their subsequent deportation in Soviet propaganda. The primary focus is on the 1940s, particularly the year 1941, when the deportation took place. However, the thesis also briefly touches on the interwar period to provide historical context. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze how the Soviet media depicted the Volga Germans before and after their deportation in the fall of 1941, how this media portrayal of the minority evolved, and how it shaped public discourse. Another aim is to examine the rhetoric used by the Soviet regime to justify the deportation and the media tools it employed. The primary sources include the national newspapers Pravda and Izvestia, as well as regional periodicals from the Volga region, Nachrichten and Bolshevik. The analysis of the press was conducted using qualitative methods, drawing on archival databases. The thesis also utilizes additional primary sources, such as the decree of the Supreme Soviet and internal communications of the deportation organizers, to contextualize internal processes. To gain a deeper understanding of the issue and the Soviet government's relationship with the minority, the thesis explores Soviet nationality policy. The findings reveal that national media..
Analysis of selected Russian and English language textbooks with a focus on tasks and assignments that develop students' digital and computer literacy
No full textThe thesis focuses on the analysis and comparison of selected Russian and English language textbooks intended for primary schools, with an emphasis on explicitly formulated tasks that support the development of pupils' computer literacy and digital competence. The theoretical part concentrates on defining the concepts of computer literacy and digital competence and their incorporation into key curricular documents related to the teaching of foreign and second foreign languages at primary and secondary schools in the Czech Republic. It also addresses the issue of foreign language teaching within the Czech educational context and presents the individual textbook sets. The practical part includes the design of new tasks and the modification of existing exercises from Russian language textbooks, aimed at fostering pupils' digital competence and computer literacy. The exercises are made available in an online repository and are accompanied by methodological and didactic notes. Each exercise also contains a commentary focused on the development of pupils' digital skills