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Analysis of selected neurodegenerative diseases in Central Europe
No full textAnalysis of selected neurodegenerative diseases in Central Europe Abstract The thesis analyses the evolution of incidence, prevalence and mortality of three major groups of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and their impact on life expectancy in Central Europe between 2002 and 2020. The highest prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia were observed in Germany. While a decreasing trend prevails in Austria and Switzerland, the trend in Czechia, Poland and Hungary remains largely stable with slight fluctuations. Parkinson's disease is on the increase in all countries studied. The development of multiple sclerosis differs, with an increase in Austria, while in Switzerland and Germany the increase is only evident in women. In Hungary the incidence is decreasing and in the remaining cases the trend remains largely stable. Mortality from NDDs is generally increasing and moving to higher ages. In Czechia and Poland, Alzheimer's disease dominates, while in Germany, Switzerland and Austria, unspecified dementia predominates and Hungary shows a significant increase in vascular dementia. Mortality rates for Parkinson's disease are increasing more slowly than for Alzheimer's disease, with the increase being more significant in men. The covid-19 pandemic in 2020 led to stagnation or..
Seasonal production of brGDGTs in the Černé jezero system: site-specific air temperature modeling and the implication for paleoreconstruction
No full textClimate change is currently one of the most critical environmental issues. To understand future climate development, it is essential to uncover how climate has evolved in the past. For this purpose, proxy parameters such as membrane lipids glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are used. This Master's thesis presents a detailed local study focused on Černé Lake in the Šumava Mountains and its catchment area, aiming to analyze the distribution of brGDGTs across different environmental compartments - soil, the water column, and lake sediments. Based on these data, the study seeks to determine which sample types and calibration models provide the most reliable results for paleoclimatic reconstructions. For the purposes of this thesis, a total of 36 soil samples were collected from various locations and transects, 24 samples from the water column covering different depths, and 2 samples from the surface layer of the sediment. Sampling was conducted over four seasons, allowing for the assessment of seasonal variability in the production and distribution of brGDGTs. The sediment samples were also analyzed to determine the prevailing source of organic matter and to evaluate their suitability for paleoclimatic reconstructions. The results show that non-cyclic molecules, particularly Ia, IIa, and, in..
The concept of a demanding client reflected in the experiences of direct care workers in senior homes (residential care home/facilities for older adult)
No full textThis thesis explores the experiences of direct care workers with older adults who are perceived as having higher care needs in residential care homes for seniors. The aim of the research was to gain insight into and interpret the experiences of direct care staff in managing care for such clients, to categorize these experiences, and to understand and reflect on when a client becomes perceived as "demanding" or "problematic" by professionals. The research also focused on the factors that influence whether a client is viewed as demanding. To achieve this objective, a qualitative research design was applied, based on ten semi- structured interviews with direct care workers from three residential care homes in the Ústí nad Labem region. Thematic content from the interviews was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed that the term "demanding client" is not commonly used by staff and is not perceived as a label. Instead, clients are approached through a humanistic lens, with an emphasis on their individual needs. The perceived demands stem from increased care needs, influenced primarily by the client's health status, cognitive and mental abilities, and their capacity to adapt to the institutional care setting. Staff emphasized individuality, empathy, the client's life story,..
Ethnic or Supra-ethnic? Czechs, Germans and Slovaks in the Czechoslovak Communist Party between 1935 and 1945
No full textJakub Vrba Ethnic or Supra-ethnic? Czechs, Germans and Slovaks in the Czechoslovak Communist Party between 1935 and 1945 The present thesis analyses transformations of identity politics in the Czech-speaking, German- speaking and Slovak-speaking sections of the Communist Party in relation to the communist movement, the nation and the Czechoslovak state in 1935-1945. Through a cultural history of politics, it reconstructs how these attitudes shifted in the periods of the so-called Popular Front, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the National Front. It demonstrates that in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia a distinctive form of Czechoslovak patriotism emerged after 1935 which included all the country's ethnic groups. This policy adopted by the People's Front transformed party life at all levels and took an overtly Czech-German character. After the Munich Agreement, however, it was gradually discarded. During the war, communist, national and Czechoslovak motifs continued to transform, and to complement and exclude one another. At the time of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, emphasis was put on such forms of Slovak, Sudeten German and Czech nationalism that rejected the Czechoslovak state. Eventually, a different consensus emerged to reflect the policy of the USSR, one that was Slavic, Czechoslovak and..
Analysis of the development of the T. J. Sokol České Budějovice athletics club over the past 30 years
No full textThis diploma thesis is devoted to the analysis of the development of the T.J. Sokol České Budějovice athletics club over the last 30 years (1995-2024). The analysis of the development of the athletics section was created on the basis of the 8th place athletes from the T.J. Sokol České Budějovice section between 1995 and 2024 at the Czech Republic Championships, on the track, off the track and indoors in all age categories. The data was compiled from athletic yearbooks from the information portal of the Czech Athletic Association and the official website of the T. J. Sokol České Budějovice athletics club, as well as from Internet sources. The research analyzed the development of the section in individual years and in individual age categories at the Championships of the Czech Republic on the track and off the track. Graphs for the Indoor Championships of the Czech Republic are created separately. To display the development, we used a folded area type of graph, which allows us to display medal positions and positions from fourth to eighth place and at the same time shows the decrease or increase in the success rate of the T. J. Sokol České Budějovice athletics team. We answer the created research questions. T. J. Sokol České Budějovice was the most successful in terms of the number of 8th place finishes at the Championship of the Czech Republic in all categories over the last 30 years in 2001, when it won 76 of these places. In terms of medal positions, the most successful team was T. J. Sokol České Budějovice in 2002, when it won thirty-two medals at the Championships of the Czech Republic in all age categories over the past 30 years. We rank Kristinu Bažatovou, Adélu Holubovou, Tomáše Kratochvíla, Tomáše Němejce, Petra Píchu, Jiřího Poláka, Tomáše Poura, Michala Radu, Ninu Radovou, Lucii Sekanovou, Miloslava Suchého a Všetečkovou Lenku among the most unsuccessful athletes from the T. J. Sokol České Budějovice club, based on the number of participations in European and world competitions and medal positions at the Men's and Women's Championships in the monitored years. The trend of medal placements at the Men's and Women's Championships of the T. J. Sokol České Budějovice athletics team in the monitored years was decreasing. The overall trend of success in terms of medal placements and placing in 8th place of athletes from the T. J. Sokol České Budějovice section at the Championships of the Czech Republic on the track, off the track and in the hall in all age categories over the last 30 years was decreasing
Project proposal for monitoring the presence of the Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) through elementary school students
No full textThis bachelor's thesis focuses on a teaching program that is aimed at identifying and monitoring the Asian hornet (Vespa velutina), an invasive species that poses a threat to local ecosystems. The program was designed to increase students' awareness of this threat and provide them with basic information to identify and monitor the species' occurrence. A presentation and an insect demonstration kit were used to conduct the program. Pupils were introduced to this hornet and learnt basic information about it, especially its spread. To test the effectiveness of the program, pre-tests and two post-tests were conducted to assess the knowledge and skills acquired by the students. The results showed that the program significantly increased pupils' knowledge about the Asian hornet and its monitoring. This work provides a new perspective on the potential of invasive species education and shows that school-based programs can play an importantrole in prevention and nature conservation
Support for psychomotor and cognitive development of preschool children with combined disabilities through element of felinotherapy
No full textThis bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of supporting the psychomotor and cognitive development of preschool children with multiple disabilities through elements of feline-assisted therapy. The aim of the thesis was to create an adequate theoretical basis on the chosen topic and, on this basis, to design an educational program of activities incorporating elements of feline-assisted therapy focused on supporting the development of psychomotor and cognitive abilities in children with multiple disabilities. The program was implemented in practice and evaluated using qualitative methods with an emphasis on assessing its benefits. The theoretical part is divided into three sections. The first section addresses the theoretical definition of multiple disabilities. The second section focuses on the psychomotor and cognitive development of the preschool child and the specific developmental characteristics of children with multiple disabilities. The third section presents knowledge about feline-assisted therapy and its use in special education practice. The practical part was aimed at designing and implementing an educational program focused on the development of psychomotor and cognitive abilities in preschool children with multiple disabilities through elements of feline-assisted therapy, and at subsequently evaluating whether such an educational plan can be beneficial for the above-mentioned purposes. The verification was carried out in a qualitative manner through unstructured pedagogical observation, analysis of relevant documents, and an interview with the teacher who was present during the implementation of the program
Prevention nd dealing with bullying of bullying of pupils with special educational needs
No full textThis thesis focuses on the issue of bullying among pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in primary schools. In the theoretical part, the concept of bullying, its forms, stages and consequences are theoretically defined. Then, the possibilities of prevention and solution of bullying are described and attention is paid to pupils with special educational needs, inclusive education, support measures and the role of the school counselling centre (SCC) in this issue. The aim of the paper is to examine how primary schools approach the prevention and management of bullying towards pupils with SEN and what role teachers and professionals of the school counselling centre play in this process. The research uses a qualitative strategy - a questionnaire survey among teachers and semi-structured interviews with a school psychologist and a school special educator in a primary school in Prague. The results of the survey indicate that teachers and SPP professionals are aware of the vulnerability of students with SEN, but most respondents said that they do not perceive a significant difference between these students and intact students when dealing with bullying. Respondents consider prevention to be key and stress the need for an individual approach and cooperation between all actors. The research also highlights the importance of clear communication towards both the pupil and classmates to avoid misunderstanding or unintentional exclusion. The findings may be of benefit to schools and school counselling centres working with pupils with SEN in the context of inclusion and bullying prevention. The thesis also found a lack of research focusing directly on this area and can therefore serve as a pilot study
Board game inspired by historical herbariums and botanical sheets
No full textThis bachelor's work is written in a theoretical-project form. The theoretical part provides the art of ancient herbals and briefly discusses the basic history of the authors of herbals, how herbals were created, and what artistic techniques were used. The mentioned author includes, for example, the ancient physician Dioscorides, the Renaissance physician and botanist Pietro Andrea Mattioli, and Maria Sibylla Merian. This thesis also contains a shorter chapter on the history of board games themselves. In the project part, the reader will be introduced to the process of creating an original board game, all of its components, from watercolor game cards to porcelain tokens. This part is supplemented with original photographic documentation that captures the game's creation from the very beginning. This part should also include the practical use of the game to demonstrate its functionality and usability. This bachelor's work primarily draws on literary sources, specialized literature, and websites. The goal of this thesis is to try creating own original board game in full and thus create material for children that is also slightly educational in nature. Furthermore, it aims to introduce the very interesting history of herbalists, a topic a lot of people do not know about
Zastoupení křesťanských duchovních a řeholníků/-nic v populaci evropských států
No full textThe bachelor's thesis examines the spatial distribution of the share of Christian monks, nuns, and clergy across Europe. The study is based on statistical data concerning Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox monks, nuns, and clergy at the national level. In the analytical section, these shares are compared across countries and subsequently correlated with selected historical and socio-economic indicators. These include GDP per capita in purchasing power parity, Protestantism, the degree of Christian religiosity, and the post-communist history of states. The synthesis focuses on generalizing the spatial patterns of monasticism and clergy and on analyzing the relationships between individual factors at the regional level